2016高考英语阅读理解--推断题解题方法ppt课件.ppt

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1、Lead-in:There are three men on a train.Mr. A speaks English and Chinese.Mr. B speaks French and English. Mr. C can only talk with Mr. A. What language does Mr. C speak? Chinese.A PuzzleEnglishEnglish试卷试卷主旨主旨要义要义 作者意作者意图、观图、观点和态点和态度度 选择选择标题标题文章文章结构结构简单判简单判断和推断和推理理 推断推断生词生词词义词义 11年1333112年22255113年110

2、55014年卷I12155114年卷II10154215卷卷I13053115卷卷II141551阅读理解专题阅读理解专题推理判断题推理判断题 1. Question forms: It can be inferred from the text that . From the text we know that is most likely . When the writer talks about , what the writer really means is . The writer suggests that . The story implies that . We can in

3、fer conclude from the passage that . 这类题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等标志性词语。2.技巧点拨技巧点拨1).找到信息源找到信息源 2).忠实原文忠实原文3).不要选择表层信息不要选择表层信息The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment, it was _. A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and f

4、ull of insectsOne day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shopassistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozenroaches（蟑螂）（蟑螂） and two spiders（蜘蛛）（蜘蛛）.”“What do youneed these things for?” the shop assistant was verysurprised. Well” replied the man，“Im moving out ofmy apartment and the l

5、andlord insists that I should leavethe house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”2. It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it. If you dont turn it back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）（依

6、附）the underside will die. The passage implies that rocks _.A. hurt sea animals B. protect sea animalsC. wont be found on beaches D. cant be found on beaches1. 问题特点问题特点：题干中通常含有题干中通常含有attitude, view ,opinion, think of, think about, in the authors opinion/mind等标志性词语等标志性词语.说明作者的态度: (1) objective (2) pos

7、itive (3) negative (4) neutral (5) approval (6) disapproval(7) indifferent (8) ironic (9) critical (10) optimistic (11) pessimistic (12) cautious客观的客观的消极的消极的漠不关心的漠不关心的赞成的赞成的不赞成的不赞成的乐观的乐观的悲观的悲观的积极的积极的讽刺的讽刺的批评的批评的中立的中立的谨慎的谨慎的3. Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder

8、, bribery(行贿行贿), and death. Frankly，Im sick of all the bad news. This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _. A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform 4. Why do people take part in such dangerous activities ? Some psychologists suggest that it is because life in modern societies

9、 has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, peoples lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival. Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in sa

10、fe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping. The writer of the text has a _ attitude towards dangerous sports. A. positive B. negative

11、C. neutral D. nervous1. Question forms:(1) 考查整篇文章的写作目的A. The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _.B. What is the purpose of writing this article?C. In writing the passage, the author intends to _.2. 技巧点拨技巧点拨 (1) 从从文体类别文体类别来推断写作目的来推断写作目的(2) 从从写作手法写作手法来推断写作目的来推断写作目的(3) 根据根据主题句主题句推断写作目的推断写作目

12、的2. 常见的写作目的归纳常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 但写作目的通常有以下三种：(1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑）(2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）(3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）常见于常见于故事类故事类的文章。的文章。to make people laugh; to tell an interesting experience常见于常见于广告类广告类的文章。的文章。to sell a product or a service; to attract more visi

13、tors / readers / audience多见于多见于科普类新闻报道类文化类或科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类社会类的文章的文章. “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “Th

14、ere is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _. A. test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer them A young man married

15、a young woman. They lived with the mans big family. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar. Three months later the woman went back to her parents home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to

16、 eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house. It went to the womans home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her

17、 husbands home. The writer wrote the story in order to_. A. show that elephants are very clever B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal C. show that women care more for animals than men do D. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife A young man married a young woman. They lived with the mans

18、 big family. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar. Three months later the woman went back to her parents home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and

19、 heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house. It went to the womans home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husbands home. The writer wrote the st

20、ory in order to _. A. show that elephants are very clever B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal C. show that women care more for animals than men do D. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife 45. What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A. To call peoples attention to oc

21、ean pollution. B. To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean. C. To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents. D. To give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beach. Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流洋流). Most do it using satellites and other hi

22、gh-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way - by studying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores

23、of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.(2(2分钟分钟) )7【技巧点拨【技巧点拨】1.段落中出现段落中出现表转折表转折的词语的词语(如如however, but, in fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。时

24、，其后的句子很可能是主题句。 3.表示总结或结论的话常有表示总结或结论的话常有therefore， thus， in short， conclude， conclusion等。等。 1. Question forms:The passage is most likely to be taken from_.Where would this passage most probably appear?The passage is most likely a part of _.2. 解题技巧解题技巧这类问题应从文章的这类问题应从文章的内容内容或或结构或典型的句子结构或典型的句子来来判断其出处：判断

25、其出处：(1) 报纸：报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称 (2) 广告：广告：因其格式特殊，容易辨认因其格式特殊，容易辨认 (3) 产品说明：产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等时间、次数、药量等(4)网络：网络：wwwcom, blog , ebooks, click here，Internet，update Dont wander aimlessly through life. Get confused on your go

26、als, start helping others in need, and live life to the fullest! Life is too short to be anything but happy. Visit my blog and find what youve been missing. Sign up for my newsletter and get seven free ebooks, too! Read hundreds of articles while youre there in the article section, which is updated

27、daily.This text must be taken from _A a radio program B. a websiteC. a newspaper D. a TV program Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. To reduce pain, take t

28、wo tablets with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount. For children under six years old, ask your doctors advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessne

29、ss or sleeplessness after taking the medicine. This text is most probably taken from a _. A. medical book B. newspaper C. doctors notebook D. bottle of medicine1. Question forms:The next paragraph would most probably deal with _The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss _.2. 解题技巧解题技巧

30、做这类题时应把握作者的做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路写作思路(如如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述)，要把，要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。摸准逻辑发展的方向，从而作出结构。摸准逻辑发展的方向，从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。比较科学的、合情合理的预测。9. When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They cou

31、ld only interact with their surroundings. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of changing their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they cut down trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a gre

32、ater area for the wild animals that humans fed upon. This development led to farming. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to f

33、ollow other pursuits such as the founding of cities. （3分钟）The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about _. A. fire B. hunting C. farming D. urbanization(城市化) According to these rules, what statement shouldnt we choose?1.备选项的中心词备选项的中心词背离文章背离文章的主题思想的主题思想2.文中叙述的是文中叙述的是事实事实3.文中没依据文中没依据

34、主观臆断主观臆断4.太太绝对绝对或太或太片面片面5.偷换偷换概念概念Practice makes perfect.1. When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,“ Are you single?” “Why, yes. I a

35、nswered, smiling at her happily. “So is my mother. she said, “Would you like to meet her? 1. The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_. A. she was young B. she was beautiful C. it a pleasure to make friends with her D. it strange for her to fall in love with him 2. The waitress sa

36、id hello to the writer every day because_. A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much2.Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. L

37、ong ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called the deathwatch beetle. It can be inferred from the text that the sound of this beetle _.A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people. What can we know from the last pa

38、ragraph? A. Mary feels pity for herself. B. Mary has recovered from her disease. C. Mary wants to help others as much as possible. D. Mary determines to go back to the dance floor. Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forced her to the sidelines of the dance floor, she refuses to fall

39、into self-pity. “Everybody on earth can ask, why me? about something or other,” she insists. “It doesnt do any good. No one is immune (免疫的免疫的) to heartache pain, and disappointments. Sometimes we can make things better by helping others. Ive come to realize the importance of that as Ive grown up thi

40、s second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be.”4 What can we infer from the last sentence of the text ?A. Happiness comes from peaceful life in the countryB. Health is more important than moneyC. The harmony between man and nature is important D. Good old days will never be forgot

41、tenThen the people realized what was happening. It was thefrog. They hadnt been useless.They had been doing animportant job-eating insects. With so many frogskilled, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They weredamaging the crops and spreading diseases. Now, the people are still poor.But in th

42、e evenings they sitin the village square and listen to sounds of insects andfrogs. These sounds of the night now have a much deepermeaning . 5topic sentence Just as crying can be healthy, not cryingholding back tears of anger, pain or sufferingcan be bad for physical(身体的身体的) health. Studies have sho

43、wn that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, dont fight it. Its a naturaland healthyemotional response(反应反应). ） According to the a

44、uthor, which of the following statements is true?A. Crying is the best way to get help from others.B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.6. More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passe

45、ngers are killed or seriously injured（受伤）（受伤）each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window. Wearing a seat belt（安全带）（安全带）saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. Therefore drivers or front seat passengers

46、over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $ 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the drivers responsibility（责任）（责任）to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat b

47、elt of some kind. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing（倒退）（倒退）your vehicle or you are making a local delivery（发送）（发送）or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances（情形）（情形）

48、apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it. （3分钟）分钟） This text is taken from _. A. a medical magazine B. a police report C. an advertisement（广告）（广告）D. a government information booklet （小册子）（小册子）More than 30,000 are killed or seriously injured（受伤）each year.you could be fined up to $ 50Remember you may be taken to court you may be fined a police report