宾语补足语课件.ppt

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1、高考英语专项语法高考英语专项语法宾语补足语课件宾语补足语课件What is object complement, anyway?宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语=复合宾语复合宾语如如: The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. We call her Jenny. They found him out. Make yourself at home. They wish you to go with them. 宾语补足语是位于宾语之后，说明宾语的状宾语补足语是位于宾语之后，说明宾语的状态、特征的

2、成分，多由名词、形容词、副词、态、特征的成分，多由名词、形容词、副词、不定式，动名词和分词充当。不定式，动名词和分词充当。宾语补足语用法宾语补足语用法:能带宾语补足语的动词一定是及物动词。有能带宾语补足语的动词一定是及物动词。有以下几类：以下几类：1感觉动词，如：感觉动词，如：see,hear,feel,smell,watch,notice等，这类词所接的宾语补足语等，这类词所接的宾语补足语可以是可以是-ing形式，也可以是动词原形。如：形式，也可以是动词原形。如：Heheardadistantvoiceshouting.IcouldsmellChinesevegetablescooking.

3、Didyouseeacarbeingdrivenaway?2含使动意义的动词，如：含使动意义的动词，如：let,have,get,make,wouldlike,want这类词所接的宾语补足语多为动词原形或过这类词所接的宾语补足语多为动词原形或过去分词。如：去分词。如：Wehavejusthadthehouserepaired.Youmustgetthecarrepaired.Atmyschooltheydontmakeuswearschooluniform.Theyletuswearwhateverwelike.IwanttheworkfinishedbyJanuary1st.3含命名意义的动

4、词，如：含命名意义的动词，如：call,name,appoint,elect,make,consider等。等。这类词所接的宾语补足语一般是名词。如：这类词所接的宾语补足语一般是名词。如：CallmeJoe,please.Shewaselectedthepresidentofthecompany.这类结构和双宾语的结构有形似之处，要注这类结构和双宾语的结构有形似之处，要注意区别。如：意区别。如：Theyhavemademethechairman.(宾补宾补)Theyhavemademeanicechair.(直接宾直接宾语语)4结构中的动词，所接的宾语补足一般结构中的动词，所接的宾语补足一般是

5、不定式。常见的动词很多，如：是不定式。常见的动词很多，如：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,force,get,help,inspire,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,request,require,teach,tell,train,want,warn,wish等。等。Theyaskedmetotellyouhowmuchweappreciatedyourhelp.Helpmemovethedesk,willyou?5等几个词的用法非常灵活，后面所接等几个词的用法非常灵活，后面所接的宾补可以是形容词、副词、词组、的宾补

6、可以是形容词、副词、词组、现在分词、过去分词等。如：现在分词、过去分词等。如：Wefounditverydifficulttosolvetheproblem.Howcanyoukeepthemwaitingforsolong?SuddenlyIfoundmywalletstolen.Keepthedoorclosed.(Seetextbookandworkbook：P46,86,87) drive sb. crazy / mad / wild get it clean / dirty / wet / open / shut find it difficult / easy hold it op

7、en / still keep it cool / fresh / shut leave it clean / dirty / open / shut paint it brown / red prefer it friedKeeptheseinheart常见的宾补形式常见的宾补形式1. 名词做宾补名词做宾补She found him a very clever boy. They named the child Jimmy.My mother looks so young that we would think her my sister.【注意注意】用作宾语补足语的名词表示独一无二的职用作

8、宾语补足语的名词表示独一无二的职位、头衔、称谓时，其前不位、头衔、称谓时，其前不 能用冠词。例如：能用冠词。例如：JohnwaselectedChairmanofthestudentsunion.In1864LincolnwasmadePresidentoftheUnitedStatesforthesecondtime.Thequeenmadehimofficeroftheguard 2.形容词做宾补形容词做宾补Hehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasslivelyandinteresting.Ifoundthemovieveryinteresting.Wefoundit

9、importantforchildrentofollowthetablerules.John wears his hair very long.She has her hands black.3. 副词做宾补副词做宾补 LastSundayIsawyououtwithyoursister.Haveyourshoeson.Whenyouhavefinishedyourexperiment,pleasetidythelabandputeverythingbackinthecupboards.Ifollowedhimin. 4.介词短语做宾补介词短语做宾补To her surprise, she f

10、ound herself in a different world.I found everything in good condition.We thought the material of great importance. They acknowledged him as their chief.5.5.动词动词 inging 形式作形式作宾补宾补在在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等感观等感观动词后可以用动词后可以用-ing形式（即现在分词）做宾语补形式（即现在分词）做宾语补足语。这时足语。这时-ing形式和句子的宾语之间存在着逻形式和句子的宾语之间存在着逻辑上的

11、主谓关系，并且辑上的主谓关系，并且-ing形式表示宾语正在进形式表示宾语正在进行的动作。行的动作。 He saw a girl getting on the tractor. ( = He saw a girl and the girl was getting on the tractor. ) Do you hear someone knocking at the door? 注：动名词作宾语补足语的情况极为少见，略讲。 现在分词做宾语补足语，如：现在分词做宾语补足语，如： Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. I could feel

12、 the cold wind blowing on my face. He tried to start the engine running. The words immediately set us all laughing.注：现在分词做宾语补足语表示动作与谓语注：现在分词做宾语补足语表示动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行，强调动作过程。同时发生或正在进行，强调动作过程。 现在分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语补足语现在分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语补足语一般为宾语所做的动作；过去分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着动宾关系，一般为宾语所做的动作；过去分词做宾

13、语补足语时，与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如： He saw an old man getting on the bus. An old man was getting on the bus. I once heard this song sung in Japanese. This song was once sung in Japanese. I dont want the children taken out in such weather. The children were taken out in such weat

14、her.以上句子可以变为被动结构，这时，宾语补足语就成了主语补足语，与以上句子可以变为被动结构，这时，宾语补足语就成了主语补足语，与谓语一起称为谓语一起称为“复合谓语复合谓语”，如：，如： We were kept waiting for quite a long time. She was never heard singing that song again. One of the glasses was found broken. 有些动词既可以用不定式作宾语补足语，又可以用现在分词作宾语补足有些动词既可以用不定式作宾语补足语，又可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，语，这些动词是：，这些动词是：

15、catch, keep, mind, prevent, remember, stop, start, smell, excuse, spy, send 等，例如：等，例如： She caught her son smoking a cigarette. Wed better keep the fire burning. I dont mind you joking. I like it. The heavy rain prevented us coming here on time. I dont remember him ever saying anything like that. We

16、must try to stop them getting into trouble. His words started me thinking seriously. Can you smell something burning? The earthquake sent the china and glass crashing to the ground. 6. 动词动词-ed形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词及物动词, ,表示被动意义或已完成意义表示被动意义或已完成意义, ,有有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过

17、去时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系, ,即宾语即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。是过去分词动作的对象。 She found the door broken in when she came back 她回来时发现有人破门而人。她回来时发现有人破门而人。 My grandfather had his old house rebuilt 我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。动词动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法形式作宾语补足语的基本用法 动词的动词的-ed形式可以在形式可以在“主语主语+谓语谓语+宾宾语语+宾语补足

18、语宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中在这一结构中, 动词动词-ed形式和它前面的宾形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。语补足语。 1. I must get my bike repaired 我必须请人修理自行车。我必须请人修理自行车。 (宾语补足语宾语补足语) 2. The girl was found beaten black and blue 人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。 (主语补

19、足语主语补足语) (1)(1)动词动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语动词的宾语补足语, ,这类动词包括这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等等。We thought the game lost我们认为球赛输了。我们认为球赛输了。 I have never heard him spoken ill of others. 我从未听过有人说他的坏话。我从未听过有人说他的坏话。 She felt a great weight taken off her m

20、ind 她觉得心里轻松了些。她觉得心里轻松了些。 They considered the matter settled 他们认为这问题解决了。他们认为这问题解决了。 (2) 动词动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语足语, 这类动词包括这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。等。 I have my hair cut once a month 我每个月理一次发。我每个月理一次发。 He was trying to make himself understood 他正努力使别人听懂自己。他正努力使别人听懂自己。 (请人请人)把某

21、事做完。把某事做完。 She had her house repaired 她请人把屋子修好了。她请人把屋子修好了。 Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪儿理的发你在哪儿理的发? “have+宾语宾语+done”结构有三个含义：结构有三个含义： 参遭遇某种意外情况。参遭遇某种意外情况。 He had his hat blown away on his way home 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。昨天她的钱包被偷了。 完成某事完成

22、某事 (自己也可能参与自己也可能参与)。 I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected 我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。 He has had one thousand yuan saved this year 他今年已存了他今年已存了1000元。元。 (3) 动词动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like，want, wish, expect, order等等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。 He

23、wont like such questions discussed at the meeting 他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。 The students wish the TV serial plays continued 学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。 (4) 过去分词用在过去分词用在“with+宾语宾语+宾补宾补”这这一结构中一结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.

24、 小偷被带进来了小偷被带进来了, 双手被反绑在后双手被反绑在后面。面。 With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden 周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花, 他的房他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。 分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。的宾语起补充或说明作用。分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词

25、的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。词之前或同时发生。1.The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 简析简析: 首先首先, 根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作宾补待选

26、部分在句中应作宾补, 补充说补充说明宾语明宾语 the man; 再根据宾语再根据宾语 the man 对于动词对于动词 lie 来说应是主动关来说应是主动关系系, 而且而且, lie 这个动作与谓语动词这个动作与谓语动词 found 同时进行。因此同时进行。因此, 该题应该题应选选A。2. -Good morning. Can I help you? -Id like to have the package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 简析简析: 首先首先, 根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知,

27、 待选部分在句中应作宾补待选部分在句中应作宾补, 补充说补充说明宾语明宾语 the package; 再根据再根据 the package 对于动词对于动词 weigh 来说来说, 只能只能是被动关系。因此，该题应是被动关系。因此，该题应选选D。3. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. sailing C. to sail D. to have sailed 简析简析: 该题应该题应选选B。测试动词。测试动词 imagine 后要求跟动名词后要求跟动名词, Peter 是

28、动是动名词的逻辑主语。名词的逻辑主语。4.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face. A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move 简析简析: 该题应该题应选选B。测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正。测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正发出的动作。发出的动作。 7. 7.动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语 1后面能接后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, order, teac

29、h, tell, want, wish, help等。等。 The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老师要我们做练习一。老师要我们做练习一。 I want both of you to go. 我要你们俩去。我要你们俩去。 We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我们帮助她修理自行车。我们帮助她修理自行车。 动词不定式作宾语补动词不定式作宾语补足语足语 2使役动词使役动词let, have, make及感官动词及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不带等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。的不定式

30、作宾补。 Lets have a rest. 我们休息一会吧。我们休息一会吧。 I saw him come in. 我看见他进来了。我看见他进来了。 感官动词后既可跟不带感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。示动作正在进行。 I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事）明他下楼了这件事） I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。我看见他在下楼。（说明他下

31、楼时的情景）（说明他下楼时的情景）注注 意意动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语 The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老师要我们做练习一。老师要我们做练习一。 I want both of you to go. 我要你们俩去。我要你们俩去。 We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我们帮助她修理自行车。我们帮助她修理自行车。 I like you to keep everything tidy. 非谓语动词作宾语补足语用法小结非谓语动词作宾语补足语用法小结英语中有些动词如英语中有些动词如have,make,ask,

32、hear,leave,feel,catch.send等，常带有等，常带有复合宾语，这样意思才相对完整。宾语补足语常用动词不复合宾语，这样意思才相对完整。宾语补足语常用动词不定式、分词来表示，学生对此不易掌握。现就该问题作一定式、分词来表示，学生对此不易掌握。现就该问题作一小结，以供参考。小结，以供参考。一、后面用不定式作宾语补足语的动词一、后面用不定式作宾语补足语的动词1.在在allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等动

33、等动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不能省略不定式符号词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不能省略不定式符号to。例。例如：如：1)Iadviseyoutolistentoourteacherslecturesattentivelyatschool.我建议你在学校里要仔细听老我建议你在学校里要仔细听老师讲课。师讲课。2)Theheadmasterwarnedthechildrentokeepoffthegarden.校长警告孩子们勿踏花园。校长警告孩子们勿踏花园。2.在在have,make,let等使役动词和等使役动词和see,hear,watch,notice,feel等感官动词后面作宾补等感官动词后面作宾

34、补的不定式须省略不定符号的不定式须省略不定符号to。例如：。例如：3)Theteacherdoesntmakehisstudentsdohomeworkatschool.4)Iheardsomeoneknockatthedoorthreetimes.注：上面第注：上面第2类句式变为被动语态时，不定式符号类句式变为被动语态时，不定式符号to不能省略。如句不能省略。如句4)变为被动语态应为：变为被动语态应为：Someonewasheardtoknockatthedoorthreetimes.另外，另外，help后常用后常用宾语宾语+(to)do的形式的形式(美国用法美国用法常省去常省去to)。例如

35、：。例如：Hehelpedme(to)lookaftermychild.二、后面用分词作宾语补足语的动词二、后面用分词作宾语补足语的动词1.在在feel,find,get,have,hear,keep,see,send,watch等动词后面可用现在分词作宾补。例如：等动词后面可用现在分词作宾补。例如：5)Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefireburningallnight.天很冷，他们让火燃了个通宵。天很冷，他们让火燃了个通宵。6)Ihadmycarwaitingoutside.我让汽车在外面等候。我让汽车在外面等候。2.在在find,get,have,leave,kee

36、p,see等动词后可用过等动词后可用过去分词作宾补。例如：去分词作宾补。例如：7)Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldntmakehimselfheard.发言人提高嗓音但还是不能让别人听见他的发言人提高嗓音但还是不能让别人听见他的话。话。8)Youshouldhaveleftthedoorlocked.你该把门锁上。你该把门锁上。 三、分词、不定式作宾补在意义上的区别三、分词、不定式作宾补在意义上的区别现在分词现在分词作宾补，宾语在逻辑上是分词表示的动作的执行者；过作宾补，宾语在逻辑上是分词表示的动作的执行者；过去分词作宾补，宾语在逻辑上是分词表示的动作

37、的承受去分词作宾补，宾语在逻辑上是分词表示的动作的承受者；省略了者；省略了to的不定式作宾补只是表示一个事实，说的不定式作宾补只是表示一个事实，说明动作的全过程；带明动作的全过程；带to的不定式作宾补往往表示不定的不定式作宾补往往表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之后。试比较：式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之后。试比较：Iheardagirlsingingupstairs.(表示一个主动、进行表示一个主动、进行的动作的动作)我听见一个女孩正在楼上唱歌。我听见一个女孩正在楼上唱歌。Iheardthesongsung.(表示一个被动、完成的动作表示一个被动、完成的动作)我听见有人唱过这首歌。我听见

38、有人唱过这首歌。Iheardagirlsingupstairs.(强调唱歌的事实强调唱歌的事实)我听到我听到一个女孩在楼上唱歌。一个女孩在楼上唱歌。Illgetsomeonetorepairtherecorderforyou.(不不定式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之后。定式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之后。)我要叫人帮你我要叫人帮你修理录音机。修理录音机。结构：结构： 主主+谓语谓语+ it +宾补宾补+真正宾语真正宾语 I found it pleasant to be with your family. We think it out duty that we should help the po

39、or.8.注意注意:it做形式宾语做形式宾语9.with+宾语宾语+宾补宾补He likes sleeping He likes sleeping with with the windowsthe windows open/closedopen/closed. .He likes sleeping He likes sleeping with with the lightsthe lights onon. .With With so many peopleso many people workingworking, the family has a , the family has a lar

40、ge income.large income.With With TomTom to help meto help me, I can finish the task in , I can finish the task in time.time.The murderer was brought in The murderer was brought in with his hands with his hands tied tied behindbehind. .The teacher came in, The teacher came in, with with a booka book

41、in his handin his hand. .1)孩子们堆了个雪人，手都冻红了孩子们堆了个雪人，手都冻红了。 The boys made a snowman, _.with hands red with cold2) 他光穿着一件衬衣在那里干活。他光穿着一件衬衣在那里干活。He was working there _.with only a shirt on3)有那位老人带路，他们毫不费力就找到了我的家。有那位老人带路，他们毫不费力就找到了我的家。 _, they had no difficulty in finding my house.With the old man leading

42、them5)那位怀抱婴儿的妇女是汤姆的母亲。那位怀抱婴儿的妇女是汤姆的母亲。 The woman _ is Toms mother.with a baby in her arms6)头上没戴帽子的男孩是我弟弟。头上没戴帽子的男孩是我弟弟。 The boy _ is my brother. without a hat on his head 4)这事一解决我们就回家了。这事一解决我们就回家了。_,we went home.With the matter settled1.凶手被带进来了，手背绑着。凶手被带进来了，手背绑着。 The murderer was brought in with his

43、 hands tied behind.2.那小孩独自坐在那儿，双眼紧闭。那小孩独自坐在那儿，双眼紧闭。The child sat there with his eyes closed.3.灯还亮着，屋里一定有人。灯还亮着，屋里一定有人。 With the light on, there must be persons in the room.4.一丝不挂的那个人是个傻子。一丝不挂的那个人是个傻子。The man with nothing on is a fool. 1. 就在那时，村民们叫人种了许多树就在那时，村民们叫人种了许多树.动词动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语（宾语补足语（过去分词过去分词）

44、2. 我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音.3. 我明天去剪头发我明天去剪头发.The villagers had many trees planted just then. We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.I will have my hair cut tomorrow.find + 名词名词 +n. /adj. /doing /done /adv. /to be /介词短语介词短语 动词动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语1. Can you find me a book?2. I f

45、ind Russian grammar very difficult.3. If you are found playing games at work, you will be dismissed.4. I found him at home.动词动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语(n./adj./doing/done/to be/介词短语介词短语)1)_ poor at English, Im afraid I cant make myself _. A. To be; understand B. Im; to understand C. Being; understanding D.

46、Being; understood动词动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语(n./adj./doing/done/to be/介词短语介词短语)2) I have had my bike _, and Im going to have somebody _ my radio tomorrow. A. repair; to repair B. repairing; to repaired C. repaired; repair D. to repaired; repairing动词动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语(n./adj./doing/done/to be/介词短语介词短语)3) Yo

47、u must get the work _ before Friday. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done4) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired动词动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语(n./adj./doing/done/to be/介词短语介词短语)动词动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语(n./adj./doin

48、g/done/to be/介词短语介词短语)5)_ the room, the nurse found the tape-recorder _. A. Entering; stealing B. Entering; gone C. To have entered; being stolen D. Having entered; to be stolen动词动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语(n./adj./doing/done/to be/介词短语介词短语)6) We are pleased to see the problem _ so quickly. A. settled B. hav

49、ing been settled C. be settled D. settling1. It用法练一练用法练一练1. The teacher asked the boys _make so much1. The teacher asked the boys _make so much noise. noise.A. dont B. not C. will not D. not toA. dont B. not C. will not D. not to 2. -Theres a hole in your bag.2. -Theres a hole in your bag. - I know,

50、 Im going to have it _. - I know, Im going to have it _. A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mendedA. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended3. Who do you often have _ the work for you?3. Who do you often have _ the work for you?A. to do B. do C. done D. doinA. to do B. do C. done D. doin4. John