英语中考语法专题_宾语从句.docx

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1、 宾 语 从 句1. 宾语从句的语法意义及构成语法意义宾语从句在复合句中做主句的(及物动词或介词或某些形容词)宾语。宾语从句通常由连词(that, if, whether)、连接代词( which, what, who, whom, whose)或连接副词(when, where, why, how)引导。 句型结构主+谓(vt)+引导词+主+谓(+其他成分) 主 句 宾语从句连词引导that(在口语和非正式文体中可以省略,因为它没有实在的意义，在从句中不充当成分)1. He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.2. She doesnt know (t

2、hat) she is seriously ill.3. I am sure (that) he will succeed.whether或if(是否)1. I want to know if (whether) he lives there.2. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.连接代词引导which(哪一个；那一些)I have no idea which bag she prefersWhat(什么)Do you know what she likes most?who(谁)Do you know who they are waitin

3、g for?whom(谁)He asked me whom I was waiting for.whose(谁的)He asked whose handwriting was the best连接副词引导when(什么时候)He didnt tell me when we should meet again. where(哪里)Could you tell me where the nearest post office is?why(为什么)I dont know why the train is late.how(如何)Please ask the guide how we get to

4、the place.2. 宾语从句的类型3. 使用宾语从句的注意事项 注意事项 说 明 例 句从句语序无论是连词、连接代词，还是连接副词所引导的宾语从句，都必须用陈述句语序。1. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 2. Do you know what he likes？ 时态呼应主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，从句的时态不受限制。根据实情，可用各种时态。1. He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. 2. They know (that) he is working hard.

5、主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句的时态也应是过去时态。1. He asked what time it was.2. He asked if you had written to Peter.主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句所叙述的是客观真理、格言时，从句时态无需改变，仍用一般现在时。1. Father told me that practice makes perfect.2. The teacher said light travels faster than sound. 宾语从句时态呼应口诀主句谓动过去时，从句必过要一致。主句谓动现将来，从句时态看具体。明确过去永不变，真理格言现在时。形容词后

6、 的宾语从句从句可用作某些形容词的宾语。这类形容词常见的有：afraid, glad, sure, happy, sorry, pleased, certain, disappointed, satisfied等。1. I am sure I will pass the exam. 2. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 3. He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. 介词后的宾语从句某些介词后也可接从句，称之为介词的宾语从句。1. I am interested i

7、n how we use computers.2. That depends on whether we have enough people.其他情况如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语，则需用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。1. You may think it strange that he would live there.2. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 在宾语从句中，如果主句的谓语动词是believe, think, guess, suppose，expect，imagine等，并且

8、主句的主语是第一人称而且时态为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,即否定主句中的动词，这也就是我们平常所说的“否定转移”。1. I dont think (that) it will rain. 2. I dont believe he tells lies.3. I dont think (that) he is interested in that thing, is he? 4. I dont think he will come to my party.5. I dont believe they have finished their work yet, have they

9、?【中考范例】1. (北京市中考试题)Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2002.A. where does she live B. Where she livesC. where did she live D. where she lived【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。2. (上海市徐汇区中考试题)Would you please tell me _?A. when did he come homeB. where he would play footballC. if he had seen th

10、e filmD. why he didnt watch the game【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。3. (哈尔滨市中考试题)I dont know when _.A. will the train leave B. the train will leaveC. would the train leave D. the train leave【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。4. (常州市中考试题)-We dont know _.-It is sai

11、d that he was born in Sweden.A. what he is B. if he lives hereC. where he comes from D. which country is he from【解析】答案: C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有C正确。初中英语宾语从句专项练习. 考查时态1. The girls asked if they_ some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2. Ca

12、therine said that she _to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3 .The students want to know whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are4. She asked Linda if_go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5. Linda said

13、 the moon_round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled. 考查引导词1. Can you tell me _ you were born, Betty?A. who B. what C. when D. that2. I dont know _they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where3. I hardly understand. _ he has told me. A. that B. what C. wh

14、ich D. who4. She didnt know_back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be D.when he would be 5. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when6. Do you know _they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how7. He asked me _t

15、old me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose. 考查语序1. Jim doesnt understand _.A. which is the way to the museumB. why his wife always goes shoppingC. what is the way to the museumD. why does she always go shopping2. Please tell me _ last year. A. where does your sister workB. where did your sist

16、er work C. where your sister worksD. where your sister worked3. She asked me if I knew_.A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it4. You must remember _. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said5. Di

17、d you know _? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after6. Could you tell me _? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing. 根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子1. 李明说他对玩电脑

18、游戏感兴趣。Li Ming says _ _ interested in playing computer games.2. 我认为玛丽不回来了。I dont think Mary _ _.3. 山姆给我说他准备去上海。Sam told me that he _ _ for Shanghai.4. 请你告诉我去钟楼怎么走吗？Could you tell me _ I can get to the Bell Tower?5. 父亲说他买了一台新电脑。Father said that he _ _ a new computer.6. 我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。I want to kno

19、w _ there is a train to Beijing.7. 你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？Do you know _ _ a double room _?8. 请你告诉我我们外出多长时间好吗？Could you tell me _ _ were going to be away?9. 叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。Uncle said that he _ _ a new novel.10. 杰克说他有重要事情要做。Jack said he _ something important to do.【中考题展示】1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the sho

20、p keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.（北京市东城区） A. that B. how C. what D. if 2. I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. He will help us with our English. （杭州市） A. why B. when C. how D. where 3. We never know _ the old man is. They say he is a teacher. （鄂州市） A. what B. who C. whi

21、ch D. where 4. I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen _ he began to play with computers. （重庆市） A. that； how B. how； that C. when； that D. that； when 5. Do you know _ ? Im going to see him. Sorry, I dont know. （北京市海淀区） A. where does Mr. Li liveB. where did Mr. Li liveC. where Mr. Li livesD. where Mr. L

22、i lived6. Where do you think _ he _ the computer? Sorry, I have no idea. （南京市）A. ; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy 7. I dont feel very well. Mum asked me _ this morning. （重庆市） A. what the matter isB. what is wrongC. what the matter wasD. what wrong was8. Where is Jack? He is away to spend his holiday. Hes gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but Im not sure _ .（南昌市） A. that B. which C. where D. there学科网（北京）股份有限公司