生理学英文分章题库(共29页).docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英文题 第六章（06. 3.17）. choise question 1. Which of the following descriptions about the general characteristics of smooth muscle of alimentary tract is wrong? EA. Its excitability of the smooth muscle of the gut is low. B. It has autorhythmicity.C. It has tonic contraction.D. It has high ex

2、tensibility.E. It is not sensitive to stretch, chemical, cold, and warm stimulation.2. Which of the following descriptions about the tonic contraction of smooth muscle of alimentary tract is wrong? EA. It is a common movement type of stomach and small intestine. B. To keeps the stomach and the intes

3、tine in their normal shape and location.C. To maintains a given pressure in alimentary tract lumenD. To provides an adequate background for other forms of movementE. When tonic contraction become weak, the absorption of gastrointestinal tract increases. 3. The rhythm of the spontaneous contraction o

4、f gastrointestinal smooth muscle is determined mainly by AA. the rhythm of the slow wave. B. the level of the resting membrane potential.C. the frequency of the action potential.D. the amplitude of the action potential. E. the level of activity of the sympathetic nerve.4. Which of the following desc

5、riptions about the slow wave of smooth muscle of alimentary tract is wrong? EA. It is the spontaneous depolarization and repolarrization B. It originate in the Cajal cell. C. After the nerves innervating the gut are cut, the slow wave still persist.D. It may be the pacemaker potential for smooth mus

6、cle.E. It cause directly the smooth muscle to contrat.5. Functional base of the autorhythmicity of the smooth muscle of gastrointestinal tract is CA. The action potential. B. The resting membrane potential C. The basic electrical rhythm (BER).D. The tonic contraction.E. the smooth muscle spontaneous

7、 contraction.6. The cause initiating slow wave is AA. A slow undulation of the activity of the Na+-K+ pump.B. A spontaneous depolarization and repolarization of cell membrane C. Na+-Ca2+ exchange. D. I k progressively attenuate decrementE. Ca2+ inflow7. Ionic base of the rising phase of action poten

8、tial in smooth muscle of gastrointestinal tract is AA. inflow of Ca2+ and small amount of B. Na+ inflowC. Ca2+ inflowB. K+ outflow D. Cl- outflowE. Cl- inflow8. Which of the following descriptions about the innervation of digestive organs is correct ? CA. Postganglionic fiber terminals of sympatheti

9、c nerve release acetylcholine (Ach)B. All postganglionic fiber terminals of parasympathetic nerve release AchC. After the external innervation of the gut are cut, the short reflexes may be completed.D. Activity of sympathetic nerve increases the movement of gastrointestinal tract.E. Activity of para

10、sympathetic nerve inhibits the secretion of digestive glands.9. Which of the following descriptions about enteric nervous system is wrong ? EA. The number of neurons in this intrinsic nervous system is almost equal to the number in spinal cord.B. It contains sensory neurons, motor neurons and interm

11、ediate neurons.C. It can complete a short reflex without the external innervation. D. It regulates the movement and glands secretion of gastrointestinal tract. E. It is not affected by the external innervation. 10. Which of the following is not the function of HCl ? EA. To activate the pepsinogen B.

12、 To kill bacteriaC. To stimulate the upper small intestinal mucosa to release secretin D. To promote absorption of the ferrum and calcium in the upper small intestinal.E. To promotes vitamin B12 to be absorbed 11. Which of the following descriptions about the secretion of the gastric acid is wrong?

13、EA. It is secreted by the parietal cells.B. The intracellular H+ is transported by proton pump into the canaliculus lumen. C. The omeprazole (奥美拉唑) inhibits strongly the secretion of gastric acid.D. When one H+ is secreted, one HCO3- enters blood. E. HCl in gastric lumen do not affect the gastric se

14、cretion. 12. The location where the vitamin B12 to be absorbed is CA. Stomach B. Duodenum C. Terminal ileumD. Jejunum E. Large intestine13. The substance that activates the pepsinogen into pepsin is BA. EnterokinaseB. HCl and pepsinC. HistamineD. TrypsinE. Chymotryosin14. Which of the following is n

15、ot the function of gastrin DA. To promote the parietal cell to secrete HCl B. To promote the pancreatic acini to secrete digestive enzyme C. To promote the liver to secrete the bileD. To promote the absorption of fat acidE. To have the trophic action to gastrointestinal mucosa 15. Which of the follo

16、wing inhibits the G cells from releasing gastrin BA. The intragastric food stretches gastric wall. B. The pH in the gastric antrum is below 1.5C. The intragastrioc peptones and the proteoses and peptides increaseD. The activity of vagus nerve increasesE. The short reflex caused by stretch of food to

17、 the wall of gastric antrum16. The transport manner by which the parietal cells secrete H+ is AA. Primary active transport B. Second active transportC. Facilitated diffusion D. Simple diffusion E. Exocytosis17. After blocking the M receptors by the atropine, the change of the gastrointestinal tract

18、is A. The secretion of digestive glands increases. EB. The slow waves lose C. The tonic contraction loses D. The peristalsis loses E. The tonic contraction and peristalsis weaken 18. Which of following substances do not increase the gastric secretion EA. GastrinB. Histamine C. acetylcholine D. Activ

19、ity of vagus nerve E. Somatostatin 19. Which of following substance do not inhibit gastric secretion EA. Somatostatin B. Secretin C. Prostaglandins D. H2 receptor antagonist,E. Protein foods20. Which of the following descriptions about the cephalic phase of gastric secretion is wrong? AA. It is pure

20、 nervous regulation. B. It involves conditioned reflex and unconditioned reflex. C. M receptors antagonists decrease gastric secretion in this phase. D. It can eliminated by cutting bilateral vagus nerves E. The secretion has high acidity, contains a copious amount of pepsin. 21. Which of the follow

21、ing descriptions about the gastric phase of gastric secretion is wrong? A. It is initiated mainly by the distention of food on gastric wall. B. It involves the vagus-vagus long reflex C. It It involves the short reflex of enteric nervous system.D. It do not involves the release and function of the g

22、astrin E. The secretion has a low acidity, but its pepsin content is higher than that in the cephalic phase 22. One of mechanism by which HCl inhibit is CA. Intragastric HCl promotes G cells to release gastrin. B. Intragastric HCl inhibits D cells from releasing somatostatin.C. Intraintestinal HCl c

23、auses S cells secrete scretin D. Intraintestinal HCl inhibits duodenal mucosa from secreting bulbogastrone.E. HCl inhibits directly the parietal cells. 23. Movement type peculiar to stomach is BA. Tonic contraction B. Receptive relaxationC. Migrating motor complexD. PeristalsisE. Mass movement24. Af

24、ter cutting the bilateral vagus nerves, the gastric receptive relaxation will AA. LoseB. WeakenC. Strengthen D. No change E. Weaken or strengthen25. Which of the following descriptions about the gastric peristalsis is wrong EA. It is a cooperating movement of the longitudinal muscle and circular mus

25、cle B. It is one of the motivity of gastric empting C. It begin in the mid portion of the body of the stomach.D. It is about 3 times per minute.E. It does not partake in mixing, and grinding the stomach contents.26. Which of the following descriptions about the migrating motor complex is wrong AA. I

26、t is movement type peculiar to small intestine.B. It occurs on fasting periodC. It propagates from the stomach to the terminal ileumD. In humans, the MMC repeats every 75 to 90 minutesE. It inhibits the migration of colonic bacteria into the small terminal ileum27. Which of the following inhibits th

27、e gastric empting DA. The long vagus-vagus reflexB. The locally short reflexC. Acetylcholine D. The enterogastric reflexE. Histamine 28. Which of the following promotes the gastric empting AA. The increased intragastric food volume B. The stimulation of HCl to the duodenal mucosa C. The increased fa

28、tty content of the chyme in duodenum D. The increased osmotic pressure of the chyme in duodenumE. Secretin and gastric inhibitory peptide29. Which of the following descriptions about the gastric empting is wrong EA. Five minutes after the food enters stomach, the stomach begins to empty.B. Its direc

29、t driving force is the pressure difference between the stomach and the duodenum.C. Its motivity is the peristalsis and gastric tonic contractionD. The gastric emptying rate of fat is the lowest. that of saccharide is the fastest, E. Acetylcholine inhibits gastric empting 30. The most important diges

30、tive juice in human is BA. Gastric juice B. Pancreatic juiceC. Bile D. Small intestinal juice E. Large intestinal juice 31. The most potent stimulus for secretin release from S cells in upper small intestinal mucosa AA. HCl B. Protein digestive productsC. Fatty acidD. Saccharides E. Efferent impulse

31、s of vagus nerve32. The most potent stimulus for CCK release from D cells in upper small intestinal mucosa B A. HClB. Protein digestive products C. SaccharidesD. SaccharidesE. Efferent impulses of vagus nerve33. Factor causing the pancreas to secrete a large amount of bicarbonate and water is AA. Se

32、cretin B. Gastrin C. Acetylcholine D. CCKE. Histamine34. The most important factor resulting in secretion of pancreatic enzymes is BA. Somatostatin B. CCKC. SecretinD. Gastrin E. Activity of vagus nerves35. Type of movement peculiar to the small intestine is EA. Tonic contraction B. Receptive relaxa

33、tionC. Migrating motor complexD. PeristalsisE. Segmentation movement38. Main mechanism by which the acidic chyme in the duodenum causes pancreases to secrete large amount of bicarbonate and water is AA. Small intestinal mucosa releases secretin B. Small intestinal mucosa releases CCKC. Small intesti

34、nal mucosa releases gastrin D. Vagus-vagus reflex - gastropancreatic reflex E. Antral- pancreatic reflex37. Main mechanism by which the proteoses and peptones in the duodenum causes pancreases to secrete large amount of pancreatic enzyme is BA. Small intestinal mucosa releases secretinB. Small intes

35、tinal mucosa releases CCKC. Small intestinal mucosa releases gastrinD. Activity of vagus nerves increasesE. Activity of sympathetic nerves increases38. Characteristic of pancreatic secretion caused by the activity of vagus nerves and gastrin is AA. Small volume but rich in enzymes. B. Large volume a

36、nd rich in enzymesC. Large volume but poor in enzymesD. Small volume and poor in enzymesE. It can not be blocked by atropine 39. Which of the following descriptions about segmentation movement of small intestine the is wrong EA. It is caused by the distention of chyme to small intestinal wall. B. It

37、 move the intestinal content forth and back over short distanceC. It promote absorption of the digestive productsD. It promote the return of blood and lymphE. It does not relate to the enteric nervous system40. Which of the following descriptions about the function of bile is wrong EA. There is no a

38、ny digestive enzyme in the bile.B. Function of bile in digestion of food is accomplished mainly by the bile salts.C. Cholates promote the absorption of liposoluble vitamin。D. Cholates help in the absorption of fatty acid.E. Cholates promote cholesterol deposition.Define following word1.Digestion Dig

39、estion refer to process by which the different foods in the alimentary tract are resolved into small molecular components. 2.Mechanical digestion. The contractile activity of muscle of alimentary tract grinds food, mixes it with the digestive juice, and propels the luminal contents from proximal to

40、distal alimentary tract, which is called the mechanical digestion.3.Chemical digestion The process by which various special enzymes contained in the digestive juice breakdown foodstuffs into simple and absorbable forms4.Absorption The process that the digested foods, water, electrolytes, and vitamin

41、s are transported across the gastrointestinal tract mucosa into blood and lymph is called the absorption.5.Basic electric rhythm (BER) Usually, the smooth muscle of alimentary tract depolarizes and repolarizes spontaneously and slowly in a cyclic fashion; this electric activity is called slow wave o

42、r basic electrical rhythm (BER). 6.Gastrointestinal hormone or gut hormone The various hormones secreted by the endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa are collectively called the gastrointestinal hormone or gut hormone. All the gastrointestinal hormones are the peptide. 7.Brain-gut peptide:

43、Many peptide called the gastrointestinal hormones are also the transmitter of neurons in certain regions of central nervous system; these double distributing peptides are collectively called the brain-gut peptide.8.Mucus bicarbonate barrier The layer of insoluble mucus and bicarbonate constructs a b

44、arrier protecting the stomach mucosa from injury by the gastric juice and food, which is called mucus-bicarbonate barrier.9.Cephalic phase of gastric secretion When food is being eaten, the sensory receptors activating the reflex of gastric secretion are located on the head, this is called cephalic

45、phase of gastric secretion. 10.Gastric phase of gastric secretion After entering the stomach, food stimulates the mechanical and chemical receptors in the stomach wall, thus causing continuously gastric secretion, which is called gastric phase of gastric secretion.11. Receptive relaxation During che

46、wing and swallowing food, the stimulation of food to the receptors in mouth, pharynx, and esophagus causes reflexly the smooth muscle in the fundus and body of stomach to relax, which is called the receptive relaxation.12. Peristalsis Peristalsis is wave-like propulsive movement carried out by a coo

47、perating movement of the longitudinal muscle and circular muscle in the alimentary tract. 13. Migrating motor complexm During fasting (or in interdigestive period, or in nondigestive period ), the stomach and small intestine exhibit a periodical movement that is characterized by strong propulsive co

48、ntraction and having longer quiescent period, which is called migrating motor complex (MMC).14. Enterogastric reflex After entering the duodenum, HCl, fat, high osmotic pressure, and the distention of the chyme stimulate a variety of receptors in the duodenum and thus reflexly inhibits gastric motil

49、ity, gastric secretion, and gastric emptying, which is called enterogastric reflex.15.Entero-hepatic circulation of bile salts About 90 to 94 per cent of bile salts emptied into duodenum are reabsorbed by the terminal ileum, are then returned by portal vein to liver, where they are removed from blood and re-secreted into bile; t