专四语法第5节--形容词-副词-比较结构.docx

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上第五节 形容词、副词及比较结构一、 形容词概述描述事物的词，涉及事物的外貌，颜色，大小等属性。形容词有不同的种类，在句中可以有不同的功能，有的形容词有级的变化。主要包括：形容词按意义可以分为：属性形容词；类别形容词；兼类形容词；颜色形容词；强调形容词；按在句中担任的成分可以分为：定语形容词；表语形容词；兼定语和表语的形容词；按构词方式可以分为：普通形容词；分词形容词；复合形容词。常见考点形容词在句中的位置概述：形容词作定语修饰名词时，一般放在被修饰的名词前。但下列情况，形容词通常位于被修饰的名词之后，作后置定语。1.形容词作定语形容词修饰以-thing, -one,

2、-body等结尾的复合代词如something, anything, someone, somebody等时；由前缀a-构成的形容词作定语时要求后置，这些形容词包括：afraid, alone, alike, ashamed, asleep, afloat, awake等；由两个或两个以上的词构成的形容词词组修饰名词时。2.多个形容词修饰同一名词名词中心词带多个形容词作前置修饰语时，形容词大体按一下顺序排列限定词（冠词/物主代词/指示代词）+描述性形容词(charming/beautiful)+表示大小，长短，高低的形容词+表示形状的形容词+表示年龄、新旧的形容词+颜色+ 表示国籍、地区、出处

3、的形容词+表示物质材料的形容词+表示用途类别的形容词+名词中西次。many beautiful old European cathedral citiesa large antique brown and white German beer muga charming small round old brown French oak writing desk二、 副词概述副词（Adverb）是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词和句子等，以说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。1.副词的构成本身就是副词here,there,often,always,very形容词尾直接加lycareful-car

4、efully ,slow-slowly,real-really以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i，再加lyhappy-happily,easy-easily,busy-busily以辅音+le结尾的词去e加ysimply-simply,comfortable-comfortably2.副词的种类种类用法举例时间副词表示时间now,today,yesterday,then地点副词表示地点或位置关系here,there,home,out,anywhere方式副词一般回答怎样的这类问题的well,fast,slowly,happily程度副词表示程度very,too,quite,a little,

5、enough频率副词表示做事情的频率always,often,never,sometimes疑问副词用于引导一个特殊疑问句when,how,where,why常见考点1. 判断副词在句中所修饰的成分，副词在句子中作状语、表语、定语、介词宾语和宾语补足语等。如： Thats a very funny film. 那是一部很有意思的电影。（作状语，修饰形容词）He left shortly after the meeting. 会后他马上离开了。（作状语，修饰介词）2. 判断一些特殊副词的辨析及使用，如already，yet，barely，hardly，quite, enough等； 副词enou

6、gh 作副词修饰形容词、副词或动词时，一般位于它们的后面；当它作形容词修饰名词时，位于名词之前。 E1：What he has written is good enough. 他写的东西非常好。（修饰形容词） E2：There is enough food in the fridge. 冰箱里有足够的食物。（修饰名词）三、 比较结构概述中形容词与副词有三个比较等级,即原级,比较级和最高级。 一般来说, 表示等于时用原级。 E1：Im just as busy today as I was yesterday.表示二者的比较时用比较级。E2：Im much busier today than I

7、 was yesterday.表示“最”时用最高级 E3. That was the busiest day of my life. 1.形容词的原级比较1.1原级肯定比较1.1.1基本形式“as +原级+as” 结构1.1.2 变体1) as + much/many + 名词+ as 2) as +形原级 + a + 名词 +as 3) as + 形+ 不可数名词+ as 4) 名词复数+as +形 + as 5) the same +表示度量的名次（height, depth）as/ be similar to E1：We need as many records as (it is) p

8、ossible.1.2原级比较的否定表示“A不及B”的句型not as/so +形容词原形+asless+形容词原级/副词原级+thanExample: They didnt enjoy the play as/so much as we did.1.3原级比较带修饰语带 “asas”的词组可以在其前加倍数词和下列词语修饰：“twice, three time, half, a quarter, (not) nearly, almost, just, nothing like, every bit, exactly.”Example:Its not nearly as cold as yest

9、erday.1.4比较级常见表达较高程度比较“A比B”形容词（副词）比较级+than 形容词比较级+（名词）+ than the+形容词比较级+of+名词 2.形容词比较等级的构成构成原级比较级最高级单音节词尾加er,estgreatgreatergreatest单音节词尾e, 加r, stfinefinerfinest闭音节单音节词尾只有一个辅音字母,双写辅音字母加er, estbigbiggerbiggest少数以y,er,ow, ble结尾双音节词尾加er,est（y前为辅音字母去y加ier, iest）happyhappierhappiestclevercleverercleveres

10、t其它双音节词和多音节词,前加more,mostdifficultmore difficultmost difficult3. 副词比较等级的构成 副词比较等级的构成大致与形容词比较等级的构成相同,但以后缀ly结尾的副词用more和most。规则变化hardhardesthardestearlyearlierearliestquicklymore quicklymost quickly不规则变化原级比较级最高级原级比较级最高级little less least old older(elder)oldest(eldest)far farther(further)farthest(furthest

11、)good/well better bestill/bad worse worst比较级常见考点1. 常见比较结构的辨析，如not more.than., no more.than.; not less than., no less. than.,not any more .than.等；1) morethan是而不是,与其说是不如说是eg. She is more keen than wise.2) not so much as与其说是不如说是eg. It wasnt so much that I disliked her as that I just wasnt interested.2.

12、 the+比较级, the+比较级此句型表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，意为“越就越”，前者相当于一个条件句，因此，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Eg：The better I knew him, the more I liked him. 我越了解他就越喜欢他。3. 比较级+and+比较级此句型表示“越来越”，单音节形容词或副词用“-er+and +-er”；Eg：Things are getting better and better every day. 情况一天天好起来。4. “more of + a + 名词+than+” = “A比B更”She is more of a musici

13、an than her brother. = She is more a musician than her brother. 她比她弟弟更像有音乐天赋。5.no more than与not more than两者均可表示数量，前者表示“仅仅”、“只不过”，强调少；而后者表示“不多于”、“至多”。Eg：This test takes no more than thirty minutes. 这个测验只需30分钟。6. no more than 与 no lessthan前者意为“与一样不”，否定两者；而后者则表示“和一样”，肯定两者。Eg：Shes no more a great singer

14、 than I am. 他不是优秀歌手，我也不是。7. no less than 与not less than表示均可表示数量，前者意为“多达”、“有之多”，强调多；后者表示“不下于”、“至少”。Eg：He paid no less than $10,000 for it. 他为此付了10000多美元。四、 最高级概述1. 基本结构：（the+）形容词/副词的最高级+比较级范围。最高级的含义也可通过more.than，as.as, 否定词+比较级等结构表达。Eg：This is the best picture in the hall.2.最高级比较范围：用介词in, over, of, am

15、ong。in, (all) over用于在某一范围内的比较，如：in China, all over the world. of, among用于在同一群体内同类事物的比较，如：among the teachers, of the four dresses.3. 最高级意义的其他表达1.)形容词/副词比较级+ than+ any other + 单数名词形容词/副词比较级+ than+ any of the other + 复数名词Eg. He checked the car engine more carefully than any of the other mechanics.2.) 否

16、定词+（名词）+ as+形容词/副词原级+as3.) 否定词+形容词比较级4.）never+ so/such+ 原级+名词as+原级+as ever 5.) more+形容词+than + the +同一形容词构成的名词三、历年考题和模拟题 1. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably _a threat to the human race than environmental destruction. (2007) A. no more B. not more C. even m

17、ore D. much more2. - He is no taller than his twin brother. (1998) - John is _ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam. A. no less B. no more C. not less D. no so3. A new laptop costs about _ of a second-hand one. (2009) A. the price of three times B. three times the priceC. as much a

18、s the three times price D. three times more than the price4. Americans eat _ as they actually need every day.(1998.6) A. twice as much protein B. twice protein as much twice C. twice protein as much D. protein as twice much5.The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times _ the size of St.

19、Peters in Rome. A. / B. that of C. which is D. of 6. These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than _ in traditional media. A. exist B. exists C. existing D. to exist7. The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is _ an anonymou

20、s, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.(2001年考研题) A. everything except B. anything but C. no less than D. nothing more than8. Fat cannot change into muscle _ muscle changes into fat. （1999）A. any more thanB.no less than C. no more than D. much more than 9. The heart is _

21、intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. A. not so B. not much C. much more D. no more10. Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner_ to the professor. (1998) A. as far as B. the same as C. as much as D. as long as11. Issues of price, place, promot

22、ion and product are _ conventional concerns in planning marketing strategies. (2004) A. these of the most B. most of those C. among the most D. among the many of12. She gave me the impression of having more teeth than _ necessary for any practical purpose.A. was B. is C. did D. were13. I saw a _ fil

23、m. A. new fantastic British B. fantastic new BritishC. new British fantastic D. British new fantastic 14. - How was your recent visit to Qingdao?- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the _days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last15. One

24、day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stoneC. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old16. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete Weve seen the film _? A. before B. recently C. lately D. yet17. Which of the following adverbs can NOT be use

25、d to complete _ everybody came? A. Nearly B. Quite C. Practically D. Almost18. What does He wisely refused to spend his money mean? A. It was wise of him to refuse to spend his money. B. He refused to spend his money in a wise manner.C. He was short of money and didnt want to buy anything. D. He ref

26、used, in a wise manner, to spend his money.19. Susan is very hard-working, but her pay is not _ for her work. A. enough good B. good enough C. as good enough D. good as enough20. I felt that I was not yet _to travel abroad. A. too strong B. strong enough C. so strong D. enough strong21. She managed

27、to save _ _she could out of her wages to help her brother. A. how little money B. so little money C. such little money D. what little money22.The patients progress was very encouraging as he could _ get out of bed without help. A. nearly B. hardly C. merely D. barely23. There are few electronic appl

28、ications _ to raise fears regarding future employment opportunities than robots.A. likely B. more likely C. most likely D. much likely24. Do you know Tims brother? He is _ than Tim.A. much more sportsman B. more of a sportsmanC. more of sportsman D. more a sportsman 25. That trumpet player was certa

29、inly loud. But I wasnt bothered by his loudness_ by his lack of talent.A. as much as B. rather thanC. asD. than 26. It was _ we had hoped.A. more a success thanB. a success more thanC. as much of a success asD. a success as much as27. If tap water were as dangerous as some people think, _ would be g

30、etting sick.(1998.1)A. a lot of more us B. more a lot of us C. a lot of us more D. a lot more of us28. The little man was _ more than one meter fifty tall.(1995.1)A. nearly B. quite C. hardly D. almost29. It is not unusual for workers in that region _.(1995.1)A. to be paid more than a month late B.

31、to be paid later than more a monthC. to pay later than a month more D. to pay late more than a month30. It is reported that _adopted children went to know who their natural parents are.(1997.1)A. the most B. most of C. most D. the most of31. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? A. He is a

32、Chinese tall intelligent young officer. B. There are a few new major urban highways. C. She is wearing a pretty pink woolen sweater. D. He stands on a beautiful little white stone bridge.32. How slim your sisters figure is! Its _ mine when I was at her age. A. not slimmer as B. no slimmer than C. no

33、t slim more than D. no more slimmer as33. “She is mo less optimistic than her elder sister.” The sentence means that A. She is not as optimistic as her elder sister.B. She is more optimistic than her elder sister.C. She is as optimistic as her elder sister.D. She is no more optimistic than her elder

34、 sister.34. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete “_ the teachers came?”A. Often B. Nearly C. Eventually D. Almost 35. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete “Ive done this _”? A. before B. yet C. recently D. again36. Kate is _ diligent than her brother, but she

35、didnt pass the exam. A. no less B. no more C. not less D. no so 37. He braked hard and _ avoided a parked van. A. only B. quite C. narrowly D. seldom38. You are_ careful than your sister. You two cant do the work that needs care and skill. A. not more B. no more C. not less D. no less 39. In doing e

36、xperiments, you must be _ the precision instruments. A. more than careful with B. more careful than with C. careful more than with D. with more careful than 40. It is generally believed that teaching is _ it is a science. A. as an art much as B. as much an art as C. an art much as D. much as an art

37、as 41. They are such a big family that this new house is not_ for them to live in.A. enough large B. too large C. large enough D. so large 42. They gained _ fat as he expected, and it was all in their belly area.A. twice as much B. much twice C. twich so much D. as much twice 43. I believe watching

38、TV is _ listening to radio.A. so good or better than B. like good or better than C. as good as or better than D. as good as or better 44. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. You have a more beautiful wife than I. B. Of you two, John is more modest.C. This picture is better than that one

39、. D. Nothing is more pleasant than travelling.45. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete “I_ think so”?A. seldom B.hardly C. even D. rare 46. It was _ we had hoped.A. more a success than B. a success more than C. as much of a success as D. a success as much as47. He was _ to tell t

40、he truth even to his closest friend. A. too much of a coward B. too much the coward C. a coward enough D. enough of coward 48. Indeed, almost every scientist now finds it impossible to read all the works relevant to his own subject, _ extensively outside of it. (1993年1月六级题） A. much more to read B. m

41、uch less to read C. much less reading D. still more reading49. I met Tims sister yesterday. She is _ than Tim.A. much more dancer B. more of a dancer C. more of dancer D. more a dancer50. Smoking is so harmful to health that it kills_ each year than automobile accidents. A. more seven times people B. seven times more people C. more people seven times D. people seven times more专心-专注-专业