谈高中英语阅读训练策略.ppt
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1、 1. 内容提要:阅读能力的培养是英语教学的最终目的之一,高考英语也以考查阅读能力为主,因此如何培养阅读能力应该是高中英语,特别是高三英语教学的重点。本文结合对实践指导意义较强的建构主义理论谈一些高中英语教学过程中阅读能力训练的方法与体会,侧重谈了专题阅读训练及综合阅读训练在教学中的应用。 英语学科作为中学阶段的三大支撑学科之一,在学生的综合能力形成方面有着举足轻重的作用。作为英语综合能力重要表现的阅读能力更是英语教师、学生及其他研究者注意的重点。高考侧重考查阅读能力的命题思想又是一个有力的指挥棒促使全体师生来研究它以提高自己的教学效果或考试成绩。而事实上,外语教学的一个重要目标就是培养有较高
2、阅读能力的外语人才。侧重阅读的命题指导思想是十分正确的。那么,如何进行阅读训练就理所当然地成为了我们的重要研究课题。 建构主义理论认为:1、传统教学存在三大弊病:不完整性、惰性和不灵活性,学校学习与现实生活脱节;2、知识不是对现实世界绝对正确的表征,不是放之各种情境而皆准的教条,它处于不断的发展之中,且在不同的情境中需要被重新构建;3、学习者具有利用现有知识经验进行推论的智力潜能;4、每个学习者都有自己的经验世界,不同的学习者可以对某个问题形成不同的假设和推论。通过沟通与交流,可以看到问题的各个侧面极其解决途径;5、学习不但是知识由外到内的转移和传递,更是学习者构建自己的知识经验的过程,即通到
3、新经验与原有知识经验的互动来充实、丰富和改造自己的知识体系;6、教师应给学生提供足够的思维时空,使其主动主动够建自己的认知结构,培养自身的创造力。 建构主义理论针对传统外语教学体系中的理论性与操作性缺陷提出了一系列解决方法。其核心是给学生提供足够的思维时空使其主动建构自己的认知结构,培养其自身的创造力。 那么,英语阅读教学中如何才能培养学生达到以上境界?教者如何才能够给学生提供足够的思维时空使其主动建构自己的认知结构,培养其自身的创造力?就此,笔者博采多家之长,结合本人多年教学实际浅述如下。 一、 专话题阅读训练 学科知识的交差,已经成为高中阶段各科教师的研究焦点,而笔者认为英语(特别是阅读)
4、是最大的综合,重要原因是源于它的工具性。其话题不光涉及其他各学科,更多的时候需要读者对相关话题有较深的造诣,光凭一点皮毛的知识可能还远远不够。英语阅读的选题真可用“上下几千年,纵横全宇宙”来概括。这些充分地说明了英语作为一门工具学科所应该起到的作用。 但我们只要稍作思考就应该发现:如果我们就某一学科进行研究就会相应地运用该学科相对固定的研究方法,报道或论述相关知识的文章也有相对固定的写作手法,作者遣词造句的方法也会随话题的不同而不同。因此,对阅读材料进行分门别类地加以整理,适当集中地呈现给学生,对于使学生尽快熟悉该类文章的写作方法,尽快理清作者的写作思路,尽快处理文章中可能出现的相关学科知识点
5、及英语语言知识点,优质高效地完成答题任务无疑是会有极大的帮助的。试举一例如下: Passage A Granddad defended in twins death Relatives of a Grand Bend man charged in the deaths of his twin granddaughters say hes not a criminal but a warm-hearted grandfather trying to give them a new life. Jerome Kerrigan, 55, was on his way home to Grand Be
6、nd from Alberta when the three-month-old twins died Sunday morning in a Thunder Bay motel room, relatives told The Free Press last night. Prisoner handover withheld from PM Prime Minister Jean Chretien was kept in the dark for days about the fact Canadian soldiers handed over Afghani war prisoners t
7、o the Americans. In a stunning revelation, Defense Minister Art Eggleton said he learned Canadas special forces unit, JTF-2, captured two or three prisoners in Afghanistan last Friday when he saw a picture on the front page of a national newspaper. But he said he didnt mention it to the PM until yes
8、terday. Three bikers guilty of extortion attempt Two Hells Angels members and an associate were found guilty yesterday of extortion and conspiracy to commit extortion. Jimmy Coates, 36, Douglas Johnstone, 38, and John Walkinshaw, 35, will be held in police custody until their sentence on Feb. 25. Qu
9、estion 1: The passage is most probably _. A. taken from a textbook for high school students B. the summary of a novel C. taken from a magazine D. written by a great writer Question 2: The underlined phrase “The Free Press” must be _ A. One relative of the grandfather mentioned B. One of the twins C.
10、 The journalist of the newspaper D. The name of the media Question 3: There are all together _ criminals mentioned in the third part. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 粗略阅读,不难看出本文客观报道事实的“新闻语气”,最佳选项一目了然。新闻报道作为必练且常考的材料,阅读者必须掌握它的客观性、新颖性、时效性以及一般的叙事方法等,如此才能够很快把握新闻事实,不会走题。 材料所涉及的话题是多种多样的,但肯定总是可以根据一定的话题归入一定的类别的。平时多进行这样的
11、训练对于提高学生的分析材料的意识,提高阅读速度大有裨益。 二、专任务的阅读训练 一般说来,学生进行阅读练习,其所要完成的任务总是可以分门别类,有规律可循的,通常要完成的问题有:1、归纳推理类;2、中心思想类;3、标题类;4、细节题等几大类。如果把这些问题集中起来,使学生们在集中的训练中渐渐领会到各类问题的着重点及分析思考这些问题的方法,当然会对提高他们的阅读技能起到很大的作用。在此仅举一例: Passage B To show Meg Ryan displaying a level of anger or sadness beyond what her audience has come to
12、 expect would be a serious devaluation of her brand and could result in loss of faith, customer loyalty, and revenue. With no plot or point to speak of, a film such as Americas Sweethearts, say, exists only so we, the imperfect masses, can pay money to watch improbable perfection in motion. If these
13、 people started looking and behaving more like ourselves, we could sit comfortably gawking at each other in street cafes rather than shell out cash to sit in an itchy theater seat for two hours Question 4: Among the following, _ seems to be the best Chinese equivalent of the underlined phrase. A. 挣得
14、 B.期望 C. 散发 D.付款 猜测单词含义是一种必备的能力, 只有通过不断总结、加强训练才能提高。很重要的是学会分析语言环境。该例生词所在的句子应该能让我们排除A、D两项,前文足以让我们在 所剩两项中做出正确决定。 三、综合训练 无论是应付高考还是学生自己在今后的社会生活中运用英语,学生所将要碰到的阅读材料的题材都会是非常广泛的。单纯的专项训练是不能够提高学生的综合阅读能力的。这种能力只有在适当强度、适当频率的综合训练中提高,这是毋庸置疑的。以下是综合阅读能力考查的几道典型题: Passage C This is a creative approach to teaching the el
15、ements of architecture through the designing and constructing of model birdhouses and the study of nesting birds. The teacher will introduce the lesson through class discussion of the elements of architecture with visuals (slides, photographs) and the nesting habits of birds. The students will creat
16、e an original architectural design on paper and construct a paper model from this design. Two students will team together to construct one of their designs in foam board. They may combine their ideas. Question 5: The writer of the passage is most probably a _. A. student B. teacher C. mechanic D. en
17、gineer Question 6 The best title for the passage may be _. A. Birds and Students B. Students and Teachers C. Birds and Architecture D. Architecture and Nature Passage D Running a small-town newspaper in the United States is not unlike operating any other business. Competition for the customer dollar
18、 is strong, and management has to look for new ways to contain costs and to expand revenues. Brenda Tallman has met those challenges successfully. She has managed to cut costs without affecting the newspapers quality. In addition, she has moved aggressively into growth areas such as commercial print
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- 高中英语 阅读 训练 策略
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