英语专业八级人文知识技巧.docx
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1、英语专业八级人文知识技巧 专八考来考去就这些东西,背就行了。 来源: 張靖涵Casper的日志 1.A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens. 2.Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation.音位学; 在语言或一门语言中,对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规
2、则的探讨音韵学, 音系学 3.Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.句法,探讨词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科 4.Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.语义学,以语言形式表示意思的探讨或科学 5.acronym: 首字母组合词,首字母缩略词,比如,NATO, UNESCO
3、, BASIC,它们可以连拼,但VOA是 Initialism。 6.Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely aociated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power.换喻或转喻,一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法,如用华盛顿代替美=或用
4、剑代替军事力气,对面来了三个“红领巾”也是,以红领巾指代少先队员。 7.Simile: A figure of speech in which two eentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced bylike oras, as inHow like the winter hath my absence been orSo are you to my thoughts as food to life (Shakespeare).明喻, 一种修辞手法,把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较,通常在由 like或 as
5、引导的短语中,如 “我的离开好象是冬天来临”或“你对我的思想就象食物对于生命一样重要”(莎士比亚) 8.Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as ina sea of troubles or All the worlds a stage(Shakespeare) 隐喻一种语言表达手法,通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物,
6、从而示意它们之间的相像之处,如 “忧愁之海”或“整个世界一台戏”(莎士比亚) the ship of desert 沙漠之舟 9.Oxymoron: A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined, as in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist.冲突修饰法, 一种把相互冲突或不调和的词合在一起的修辞手法,如在 响彻云霄的缄默和哀痛的乐观cruel kindne 10.The affection name given to the clo
7、ck tower of the Houses of Parliament, Westminster is Big Ben. 11.John Milton the poet wrote of Adam and Eves expulsion from the Garden of Eden in Paradise Lost.Paradise Regained was also written by him. 12.Sonnet: A 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes.十四行诗体, 一
8、种由十四行组成的诗歌形式,通常有一种传统的押韵形式, 莎士比亚用过此诗体。 13.Slang: A kind of language occurring chiefly in casual and playful speech, made up typically of short-lived coinages and figures of speech that are deliberately used in place of standard terms for added racine, humor, irreverence, or other effect.俚语主要出现在非正式的、嬉
9、戏性的话语中的一种语言,基本由存在时间很短的派生词和修辞构成,它们被有意地用来取代标准的词语以达到生动、幽默、无礼或其它效果 14.Catch Phrase: A phrase in wide or popular use, especially one serving as a slogan for a group or movement.警句,妙句,吸引人的词句广泛运用的或流行的用语,尤指用作集团或运动的口号的用语。 15.Jargon: The specialized or technical language of a trade, profeion, or similar group
10、.行话, 一个行业、职业或类似的团体中运用的专业的或技术的语言.terminology 16.Platitude: A trite or banal remark or statement, especially one expreed as if it were original or significant.陈腔滥调, 陈腐的或平凡的评论或陈述,尤指某人表述它时好象它是新奇的或有意义的 17.Hyperbole: A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect, as inI could sle
11、ep for a year orThis book weighs a ton.夸张法,一种比方,运用夸张来强调或产生某种效果,比如在我能睡一年或这书有一吨重 18.onomatopoeia: The formation or use of words such asbuzz ormurmur that imitate the sounds aociated with the objects or actions they refer to.象声词, 词的构成或用法,例如 buzz或 nurmur仿照事物或行动的声音. 19.hypotaxis: 从属关系 20.parataxis: 并列结构,
12、指 短语或分句间不用连词, 如:I came, I saw, I conquered. 21.Transcendentalism: A literary and philosophical movement, aociated with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller, aerting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition.超验主义, 一种文
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