2022年考研英语基础练习题 2(3).docx
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1、2022年考研英语基础练习题 2(3)阅读理解单项选择题Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain'sNationalHealthService(NHS)andDeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence(AI)companiesintheworld.Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,
2、butitcouldalsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.ItIsagainstthatbackgroundthattheinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedherdamningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS,whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsIn2015onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichto
3、okfartoolittleaccountofthepatients'rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy.DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways.Furtherarrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbecarefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydataha
4、sbeencleaned.Therearelessonsaboutinformedpatientconsenttolearn.Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhemostimportant.Ms.DenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust,sinceunderexistinglawitcontrolledthedataandDeepMindmerelyprocessedit.Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingandag
5、gregation,notthemerepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathatourlivesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividualfromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthewaythesurveillanceeconomyworks.Thedataofanindividualthereg
6、ainsitsvalueonlywhenitiscomparedwiththedataofcountlessmillionsmore.Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightlymaladapted.Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.ItisnotenoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives.Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoapr
7、ivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources.Ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.Wearestillatthebeginningofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegiganticconsequenceslater.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigita
8、lfeudalism.Ms.Denham'sreportisawelcomestart.1WhaistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?A.Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.B.Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient'srights.C.Itfellshortofthelatter'sexpectationsD.Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.查看原文2TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham'
9、;sverdictwithA.emptypromises.B.toughresistance.C.necessaryadjustments.D.sincereapologies.查看原文3TheauthorarguesinParagraph2thatA.privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts.B.leakingpatients'dataisworsethansellingit.C.makingprofitsfrompatients'dataisillegal.D.thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingo
10、fit查看原文4Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdealisA.theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.B.theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.C.theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.D.themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.查看原文5Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareisA.ambiguous.B.cautiou
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