博士生考试英语.docx

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1、博士生考试英语 考博英语范文35篇 博士生入学英语考试协作部分试题说明 依据教化部颁布的探讨生英语教学大纲（以下简称大纲大纲的要求：“非英语专业博士探讨生英语入学水平原则上应达到或高于硕士生的通过水平。” 大纲中对硕士生的写作要求是“驾驭基本写作技能（如文章结构、段落绽开和起承转合等），能按详细要求，在一小时内写出250词左右的短文，正确表达思想，语意连贯，无重大语言错误。” 第一部分 写作文的要求，评分标准及考试中普遍存在的问题 一 考试要求 1文章内容切题。审题精确,不跑题。 2表达清晰。语言简洁、精确、说理清晰,读者能从作文内容清晰理解作者写作意图。 3意义连贯。 文字连贯、层次分明、意

2、义表达完整。要使文章意义连贯必需具有肯定的技能，包括较强的语感，遣词造句实力和文章谋篇布局的组织实力； 4语言规范。符合英语表达的习惯、语法错误较少、语言基本功扎实，最终避开中式英语。 二 作文的评分标准及样卷介绍 14 分: 内容符合要求, 包括了标题或提纲中的全部内容;语言流畅;层次分明,句式有改变。词汇丰富,句子结构和用词精确,文章长度符合要求。 11分：内容符合要求，包括了标题或提纲中的全部内容；文字连贯，句式有肯定改变，句子结构和用词无重大错误，文章长度符合要求。 8分：内容符合要求，包括了标题或提纲中多数内容；基本清晰表达的主题的内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误，个别是大错。文章长度

3、符合要求。 5 分： 内容基本切题，基本表达了标题或提纲中的内容；文字连贯，语言可以理解，但有较多的结构和用词错误，且大错较多。文章长度基本符合要求。 2 分： 基本切题，但语句支离破裂，只有少数句子可以理解。 0 分： 文不切题。只将预先背诵的某篇文章默写下来，或语句混乱，无法理解。 附：14 分样卷 Topic：With her entry into WTO, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, and in particular, for higher- level talents.T

4、o face this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate(postgraduate) education system.State your opinion aobut this reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint.With Chinas entry into WTO, she is facing a lot of chances and challenges in man

5、y aspects.As far as talents are concerned, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, especially for higher-level talents.In order to adapt this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate education system. In my opinion, we must make

6、 some reform and adjustment in graduate education system in many aspects as follows.First of all, from the view of the government, it must adjust its policy of using talents, especially higher-level talents.For example, it may provide many privileges for them. Secondly, for the viewpoint of the univ

7、ersities, they should adjust their constructure of curriculum.They should pay more attention to the cultivation of graduates capability.They should take effective measures to direct their educational goal from exam-oriented education to education for all-round development.Finally, as far as personne

8、l is concerned, a student should pay more attention to the learning of all kinds of knowledge to meet the needs of society. In a word, it is high time that we reformed the graduate education system.If we do not make some changes in the graduate education system, we may be failure in the internationa

9、l competition.So we must reform our graduate education system.(219 1 words) 点评： 该文紧扣主题，结构严谨，内容充溢，语言流畅，句式改变多样。虽有个别小错，但英语表达实力较强，长度符合要求。 万能框架 As is implied in the table (or cartoon) and well known to all of us, Take in the table(cartoon) for example, its for the to But when On the other hand, there do

10、exist some that They are making all poible means to and trying their best to Compared with what those , Its a pity that And whats more, with the deepening and furthering of our countrys opening and reforming, more are allowed to With China entering the WTO, are also permitted to If still blind to th

11、is, the is sure to So, its urgent and eential for to analyze more rationally and macroscopically.It must keep in mind that should never be unheard. Although the condition is unsatisfactory now, with the awarene of the in the table (or cartoon) and all the society efforts, improvement and an even bri

12、ghter future are not only poible but also inevitable. 三 历年考试中存在的典型问题分析 1 不会审题，偏离主题。 2 汉语思维，逐字翻译。常见考生用汉语构思文章，同时将汉语句子硬译成英语。 3 用词搭配不当。 4 词汇量小，表达困难，拼法错误。 5 句法逻辑关系混乱。例如：Our English cla often told stories.正确的应是: Stories are often told on our English cla. 6不会用关联词转承上下句和段落。关联词即过渡词，运用过渡词，可使上下句子和段落合理连接，承上启下，使表

13、达合乎逻辑，常见过渡词如as far as, however, well, though, in spite of 。 7 语法错误。 主要表现为： （1） 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise， raise； hear, listen （2） 被动语态和主动语态的误用,例如: interesting和 interested （3） 词类混淆,将动词或形容词误用作名词,将名词或动词误用作形容词,例如: benefit 和beneficial; difficult和 difficulty; pleasure 和pleased等。 （4） 混淆可数名词和不行数名词，例如： help，practi

14、ce等。 （5） 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如： a English book, should did, must done 等。 四如何写出美丽的文章 文章要内容切题，表达清晰，意思连贯，语言比较规范。这就要求考生在写作时，把握如下方面： 1 统一性（Unity） 内容切题，事实上就是要求文章统一性。所谓统一性，就是指短文必需围围着主题扩展，不能多中心。统一性表现在句子、段落和篇章三个层次上。我们写汉语文章的要求是首先不能跑题，事实上就是对统一性的要求。 2 连贯性 (Coherence) 指句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间的连接要自然通畅，主要体现在文章的逻辑发展依次和过渡词

15、语的运用上。 1） 逻辑依次 根据时间先后，或空间位置的相互关系，我们可以写出眉目清楚、符合逻辑的段落或文章。叙述文体多采纳时间依次，描写文体中空间依次更常见。高潮形成系指根据其重要性或严峻性支配各个发展点（指段落）或发展段（指文章）的依次，这种语篇发展方法在描写、叙述、说明和争论文中均常出现。英语语篇的逻辑依次支配一般是先谈最次要的内容， 2 继而谈较为重要的内容，最终再谈最重要的内容，从而形成文章高潮。 2） 过渡词语的运用 语篇的外在连贯手段 有时，单靠逻辑上的连贯对英语语篇来说是很不够的，因而过渡词语的运用必不行少。汉语的连贯属于“意合”，英语的连贯属“形合”，而借助过渡词语取得语篇的

16、连贯是形合法最突出的特点。所以，在英语文章内，诸如等过渡词语特殊多。它们的运用挑明白句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间的关系，使文章更加显得连贯。由于受汉语“意合”的影响，中国学生常忽视过渡词语的运用。所以中国学生在进行英语写作时必需对此给以足够的重视。、 3 语言规范 语言的规范涉及面广。小至遣词造句，大到语篇结构，无不体现语言运用的质量。依据近年博士生入学英语考试的作文试卷统计，很多考生未娴熟驾驭造句技能甚至不能保证单词拼法正确、句子无重大语法错误。因此要多读多看英语报刊和原著，从中学习语言用法，没有细致阅读过、理解过的东西千万不要在作文中运用，切忌中国式英语。、 其次部分 35 篇范文 1.

17、 Television Program and Their Effect on children Television programs regularly entertain, educate, effect and even frighten the majority of our children.Most children are allowed to watch whatever program is on, with little thought on the effect that particular show will have on a child.Most program

18、s can be claed as beneficial or harmful, according to what effect the program might have on a child.The beneficial television programs are mainly thouse that educate the young.There are often specials on animal life.A few regular childrens programs develop the childs interest in school-type learning

19、 by streing numbers and the alphablt, and that encourages him or her to be creative.The beneficial commercials, such as those on anti-smoking, anti-litter, and health, should be included in this category. On the opposite side are the shows, which are generally harmful to children.Many commercials, e

20、specially those sponsoring the childrens programs, are deliberately written to create a desire for an unneceary product such as sugar coated cereals and candy.All adult programs that include violence or sex scenes can at best fill a childs mind with confusing or misleading ideas, and could poib ly h

21、arden the child to violence. Thoughtful parents will definitely not allow their children to view the bad programs.A childs viewing time should be limited to watching educationlly benefical programs. 2.How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities With the development of modern industryu, more and m

22、ore people are flowing into big cities.Accordingly, the housing problem in big cities is becoming more and more serious. People have offered many solutions to this problem.I think building satellite cities in the suburbs is more practical.The fresh air and beautiful secnery in the suburbs will be ap

23、pealing to the city citizens, who suffer from air pollution, noises, etc.in the overcrowded city.With more people leaving the city, more space will be available for those remaining.The housinmg problem in big cities will thus be solved. 3.The younger generaton knows best Old people are always saying

24、 that the young are not what they were.The same comments is made from generation to generation and it is always true.It has never been truer than ti is today.The young are better educated.They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom.They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on

25、 their parents.They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideas of their elders.Events, which the older generation remembers vividly, are nothing more than past history.This is as it should be.Every new generation is different from the one preceded it.Today the difference is very m

26、arked indeed. 3 The old always aume thaty they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer.They dont like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened.And this precisely what the young are doing.They are questioning the aumptions of their elders and distur

27、bing their complacency.They take leave to doubt that the older generation has created the best of all poible worlds.What they reject more than anything is conformity.Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery.Wouldnt people work best if they were given complete freedom and re

28、sponsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear drab grey suits and convict haircuts? If we turn our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Who said that human diff

29、erences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used violence to solven their problems? Why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden

30、in their personal lives, so obseed with mean ambitions and the desire to ama more and more material poeions? Can anything be right with the rat race? Havent the old lost touch with all that is important in life? There are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly.Their record over the

31、 past forty years or so hasnt been exactly spotle.Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guilance.Today, the situation might reversed.The oldif they are prepared to admit it could learn a thing or two from their children.One of the biggest leons they could learn is that enjoyment i

32、s not sinful.Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life.It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure to shed restricting inhibitions.It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future.This emphasis on the present is only to be exp

33、reed because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb: the constant threat of complete annihilation.This is their glorious heritage.Can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of the generation that bequeathed it ? 4.Public Transportation As part of domestic moderni

34、zation, public transportation needs to be developed urgently in China.I can illustrate some examples.There does not only exist serious traffic jams but also crowded buses, underground and railways.Commuters find it hard to get to work on time due to overcrowded buses or tubes.Travelers could hardly

35、get on buses in big cities during weedends owing to fewer buses and more people.When Spring Festival is drawing near, there is much greater reure on public transportation since it has to deal with a large number of travelers rushing home.And travelers need special arrangements to go home.In a word,

36、public transportation has become bottleneck to the advanc of Chinese economy. To solve the above-mentioned problems, the departments concerned should carry out the following steps: to build more roads, highways or railways and to add buses or trains to the original lines.But ther funds have to be ra

37、ised both from the government and the public. There are three sources for fund raising.One is to raise the fares for all kinds of all transportation vehicles.Another is to increase the prices for various vehicles on sale.The third is to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oil in addtion to the gov

38、ernmental funds.If all this money to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oiil in addtion to the governmental funds.If all this money collected is used to improve transportation services, the situation will be bettered and favorable. The third step to take is to introduce new technology in order to

39、 raise the efficiency of vehicles.For instance, the speed of trains can be increased as much as two times so that two times as many people can be held.In this way, the preure on public transportation can be dramatically alleviated.So in a word, we need to introduce new technology to raise the speed

40、of vehicles while having built even wider roads and added more efficient trains and huses. 5.Human Education The other day, a profeor from Peking University gave a lecture Chinese Intellectuals and Written Cultural Text.In his lecture, he held that Chinese intellectuals have lost the written cultura

41、l text since the May 4th movement.His opinion set us 4 thinking that the lo of traditional humane education resulted in a crisis of cultural education. With the rapid development of economy, the living standard of the Chinese people has improved a lot in terms of material wealth.In a period when eco

42、nomics take priority, people pay more aned more attention to profit.At present, moneymaking and pleasure seeking are becoming a popular fashion.On the other hand, there appears a barren field of spirit in todays society.It has become unexpectedly hard to rebuild the paradise of traditional culture.I

43、deological confusion, moral decline and a chaotic cultural market, all this shows that it is the high time to have something done in order to tackle the problem of cultural orientation.Our times call for an ideal humane education.It is unwise to discard traditional Chinese culture as a whole.Some of

44、 the elements of this culture can be made use of in the reconstruction of our spiritual civilizaiton directly or wit5h some adaptation.Our attitude towards tradition should be discarding the dro and selecting the eence.The humane education of the past can serve as a supplement to our Marxist educati

45、on.It should start from primary school.In this way, our children will get educated so as to be poeed of a perfect personality.The national morale will be deeply rooted in peoples mind, and will help push forward the growth of economy. To sum up, we can find it badly neceary to build up an ideal huma

46、ne education.We should find an efficient way to develop our humane education and dig out5 more resources form traditional Chinese culture. 6.Criticism on Television A lot of people believe that television has a harmful effect on chldren.A few years ago, the same criticisms were made of the cinema.Bu

47、t although child psychoilogists have spent a great deal of time studying his problem, there is not much evidence that television brings about teenagers crimes. For people in the modern worlds share the views of parents a hundred years ago.In those days, writers for children carefully avoided any ref

48、erence to sex in their books, but had not inhibitions about including scenes of violence. The evidence collected suggests, however, that neither the subject, nor the action in itself frightens children.The context in which cruely or violence occurs is much more important. A good guide to what is psychologically healthy for a smal