基础语法--独立主格用法讲义--高考英语学习提升课堂.docx

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1、高考英语学习提升课堂：基础语法-独立主格用法一、独立主格结构的特点独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点：1.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同，它独立存在。2.逻辑主语与其后的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。3.独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，与主句之间不能使用连接词。二、独立主格结构的形式1.逻辑主语+不定式。如：A house to be built, we must save every cent.由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分钱。Now here is Li L

2、ei,Wei Fang to come tomorrow.现在李雷来了，魏方明天到。2.逻辑主语+现在分词。如：The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready.汽车很快就要来了，我们应该把一切事情准备好。Time permitting,we can have a walk around the playground after supper.如果时间允许，晚饭后我们可以到操场上散散步。3.逻辑主语+动词的过去分词。如：His cup broken, he used his bowl instead.茶杯破了，他就用碗来代替。Th

3、e experiment done，the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.实验做完了，同学们继续在实验报告上做记录。4.逻辑主语+形容词。如：The ground muddy, we should be careful.地面泞泥，我们应该小心。Computers very small，we can use them widely电脑虽小我们却能广泛地利用它们。5.逻辑主语+副词。如：The class over, we all went out to play.下课后，我们都出去玩。The lights off,

4、 we could not go on with the work灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。6.逻辑主语+介词短语。如：Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were.手里拿着眼镜，他问他的眼镜哪去了。Our English teacher came into the classroom,papers in hand.我们的英语老师走进了教室，手里拿着试卷。7.There being +名词（代词）。如：There being nothing else to do, we went home.没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。There

5、being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。8. It being +名词（代词）。如：It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。三、独立主格结构的句法功能独立主格结构在句子中作状语，表示“时间、原因、条件和伴随”等情况。1.作时间状语Her work done, she s

6、at down for a cup of tea她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。The ceremony ended, the games began.仪式结束后，比赛开始了。2.作条件状语It being fine tomorrow, well go boating.如果明天天气好的话，我们就去划船。The condition being favorable, he may succeed若条件有利,他或许能成功。3.作原因状语The meeting being put off, we needntt hurry.由于会议推迟了，我们就没有必要匆忙了。There being no taxis，we had to walk没有出租车，我们只好步行。4.作伴随状语The boy stood there，his fight hand raised那男孩站在那儿，右手举着。A smile on her face, she asked what she could do for us.她面带微笑问道我们要什么。学科网（北京）股份有限公司