06 独立主格和系动词讲义--高考英语新高考语法专题复习.docx

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1、高中英语新高考语法专题学习/复习讲义06 独立主格和系动词独立主格独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，它不是主谓完整的简单句，而是一个在句中做状语的短语。独立主格结构包含两部分，逻辑主语和逻辑谓语。名词或代词作为逻辑主语；现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语等作为逻辑谓语。独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。独立主格结构一般用逗号和句子分开。独立主格有三种类型，1. 非谓语动词独立主格结构逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）2. 无动词独立主格结构逻辑主语+（being）+表语（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语）3. with/without引导的独立主格

2、结构with/without+复合宾语（不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语）独立主格的8种基本句型，1. 逻辑主语+不定式这种独立主格结构表示逻辑主语将要发生的动作。His friends to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.2. 逻辑主语+现在分词这种独立主格结构表示逻辑主语主动/进行的动作。The boy leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.3. 逻辑主语+过去分词这种独立主格结构表示逻辑主语被动/完成的动作。The job n

3、ot finished, we couldnt see the film.4. 逻辑主语+名词Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.5. 逻辑主语+形容词The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while.6. 逻辑主语+副词The meeting over, we all went home.7. 逻辑主语+介词短语Dark clouds in the sky, it is going to rain soon.8. with/w

4、ithout+复合宾语with/without+名词/代词+形容词With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy.with/without+名词/代词+副词With her sister out, she had to stay at home alone.with/without+名词/代词+介词短语He stood at he door, with a computer in his hand.with/without+名词/代词+不定式Without any game to play, the boy looked unse

5、t.with/without+名词/代词+现在分词Without anyone noticing, I stole into the room.with/without+名词/代词+过去分词The boy was crying with his toy broken.以下几点需要注意，1. 在表示方式的独立主格结构中，为了使句子简洁，往往将“逻辑主语+介词短语”中的冠词或代词都省略。She came in, (a) smile on (her) face.2. 独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略：(1) “There being+名词”结构中；(2) 逻辑主语是代词。The

6、re being no bus, we had to walk home.It being Sunday, all the offices are closed.系动词系动词，又称连系动词(linking verb)。系动词之后需要跟表语，构成系表结构，用来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等。系动词可以分为以下几种，1. 状态系动词：beHe is a teacher.2. 表象系动词：seem, appear等He seems very sad.3. 持续系动词：keep, remain, stay, lie, stand等He always kept silent at the meeting.

7、4. 感官系动词：feel, smell, taste, sound, look等The flower smells very sweet.5. 变化系动词：become, grow, turn, get, run等Soon the sky grew light.6. 终止系动词：prove, turn outThe rumor proved false.有些动词有几种不同的身份，注意区分。例如，系动词 The room smelt damp.及物动词 I bent down to smell the flowers.不及物动词 Mom threw that out. She said it smelled.学科网（北京）股份有限公司