同位语从句例句 用法技巧讲义--高考英语复习.docx

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1、一、什么是同位语从句同位语从句，指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句，属于名词性从句的范畴，同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明，被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系（即被解释说明的词=同位语）。二、同位语从句例句同位语从句的引导词，引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。同位语从句例句11、She hasnt made the decision whether she should give up.她还没决定她是否应当放下。2、I have no idea what has happened to him.我不明白他发生了什么事。3、There

2、was no doubt that he is honest man.毫无疑问他是诚实的人。4、You have no idea how worried I was.你不明白我当时有多担忧。5、I have no idea why he resigned.我不明白他为何辞职。6、I have no idea when he will be back.我不明白他什么时候会回来。同位语从句例句2一、同位语从句的引导词引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。1、由whether引导The question whether it is right or wrong

3、 depends on the result.这个是对还是错要看结果。We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.我们不是在调查他是否能够信任的问题。【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。2、由that引导We heard the news that our team had won.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。They were worried over the fact that you were sick.他们为你生病发愁。The news that we are having

4、 a holiday tomorrow is not true.明天放假的消息不实。Ive e to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that.我得出结论这样做是不明智的。The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen.那笔钱不见了这一事实并不意味着是被偷了。He referred to Copernicus statement that the earth moves round the sun.他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。【注意1】在某些名词(如demand，

5、 wish， suggestion， resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如：They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished.他们应对废除这个税的要求。They expressed the wish that she accept the award.他们表示期望她理解这笔奖金。There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项提议是布朗应当离队。The suggestion that the new rule be a

6、dopted came from the chairman.采纳新规则的提议是主席提出的。The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried.允许妇女参加这个协会的决议经过了。I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker.我理解他们期望你作主要发言人的殷切心境。【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也能够省去。如：He gabbed his suitcase and gave the imp

7、ression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。3、由连接副词引导I have no idea when he will e back.我不明白他什么时候回来。It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做的问题。He had no idea why she left.他不明白她为什么离开。You have no idea how worried I was!你不明白我多着急!4、由连接代词引导Have you any idea what time it starts?你明白什

8、么时候开始吗?From 1985-90 I was an instructor at the regional party headquarters.After that I went back to work in a factory.Then I had no idea what a casino was.从1985年到1990年我是地方党部的教员。随后我回到一家工厂工作。当时我不明白赌场是什么样的地方。二、关于分离同位语从句有时同位语从句能够和同位的名词分开。如：The story goes that he beats his wife.传说他打老婆。The news got about

9、 that he had won a car in the lottery.消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。The rumour spread that a new school would be built here.谣传那里要盖一所新学校。Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town.有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。The order soon came that all citizens

10、 should evacuate the village.不久命令下来，所有居民都必须撤出村子。同位语从句例句3同位语的从句与先行词等同或同位，其先行词为:advice，indication，assumption，agreement，danger，fact，news，idea，thought，question，problem，reply，report，remark，word，information，promise，reason，answer，doubt， discovery，fear，message，proposal， story，theory，request，truth，opinion，ho

11、pe，suggestion，conclusion，order，decision，possibility等抽象名词。关联词常用that，偶尔whether用引导，有时结合语意也可用疑问代词who，which，what和疑问副词where， when，why，how等引导。例如:1、They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick。2、Where did you get the idea that I could not e?3、Early in the day came the news that Germany h

12、ad declared war on Russia。4、There is a real danger that Oxford will not retain its world position。5、Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was ing to inspect them几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。6、The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。7、There is no doubt th

13、at the price of wheat will go up。毫无疑问，小麦的价格将会上涨。(doubt为抽象名词，同位语从句)8、The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule be adopted。采纳新规则的提议是主席提出来的。9、Chevrons，scientists say，not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be na

14、rrower。10、There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historians inquiry。所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。11、I have no idea where I should go。12、I have

15、no idea how I can get to the railway station。13、We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation。到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。14、It si a question how he did it。他如何做了此事，是个问题。15、I have no idea when he will be back我不明白他什么时候回来。16、He has solved the problem why the radio was out o

16、f order。他解决了收音机为何出故障的问题。(why引导的是同位语从句)同位语从句例句4一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that，whether，what，which，who，when，where，why，how等词引导，常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，wish，promise，answer，evidence，report， explanation，suggestion，conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体资料。换言之，同位语从句和所修

17、饰的名词在资料上为同一关系，对其资料作进一步说明。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。析：they had won the game说明The news的全部资料，所以该句为同位语从句。二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句1、如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should c

18、ross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部资料，且意义完整，所以应用that引导同位语从句。2、如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加是否的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）例：Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。析：the sports meeting will be he

19、ld on time意义不完整，应加是否的含义才能表达the problem的全部资料，所以应用whether引导同位语从句。3、如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加什么时候、什么地点、什么方式等含义，应用when，where，how等词引导同位语从句。例1：I have no idea when he will be back.析：he will be back意义不完整，应加什么时候的含义才能表达idea的全部资料，所以应用when引导同位语从句。例2：I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bik.析：he went home意义不完整

20、，应加如何的含义才能表达impression的全部资料，所以应用how引导同位语从句。4、当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不一样于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部资料的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定语从句

21、的引导词均在从句中作成分。区分时能够在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be，使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且贴合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。如：The report that he was going to resign was false.因为the report was that he was going to resign句意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign是同位语从句。例1：1）Information has been put forward_more middle school graduates will be admitted in

22、to universities.A、while B、that C、when D、as析：答案为B、more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的资料，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。2）It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities,this is the information_has been put forward.A、what B、that

23、 C、when D、as析：答案为B、that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。例2：She heard a terrible noise，_brought her heart into her mouth.A、it B、which C、this D、that析：答案为B、分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：I cant stand the terrible noise _ she is

24、 crying loudly.A、it B、which C、this D、that析：答案为D、she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的资料，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别：同位语从句和定语从句很相似，但还是有区别的，区别主要在以下三方面:1、从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea，fact，news，hope，belief，suggestion，proposal，word，thought，doubt，truth，possibility，promise，order等有必

25、须内涵的名词?而定语从句的先行词能够是名词?代词?主句的一部分或是整个主句?如:The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.(同位语从句)We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.(同位语从句)Word came that he had been abroad。 (同位语从句)Our team has won the game， which made us very h

26、appy.我们的队赢了，这让我们很高兴?(定语从句)The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位医生在房间里面?(定语从句)His mother did all she could to help him with his study。他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮忙他的学习？(定语从句，代词all作先行词?)2、从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如:The news that our team has won the

27、game was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的?(同位语从句，补充说明news到底是一个什么消息?)The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨日他告诉我的那个消息是真的?(定语从句，news在从句中作told的宾语?)I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他十分富有?(同位语从句，补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言?)The mother made a promise that pleased al

28、l her children.妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺?(定语从句，promise在从句中作pleased的主语?)3、从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别有些引导词如how， whether， what能够引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句?如:That question whether we need it has not been considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有研究?(同位语从句)I have no idea what has happened to him.我不明白他发生了什么事?(同位语从句)引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还

29、能够用which代替)，并且作宾语时常常省略?that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替?如:The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨日收到了?(同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，that虽不作成分，但不能省略?)The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to

30、help the other groups.我们昨日收到的命令是我们应当派几个人去帮忙别的几个小组?(定语从句，是名词order的修饰语，that在从句中作received的宾语，能够省略?)同位语从句例句5一、同位语从句在句中的位置1、一般情景下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等)的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体资料。例如：The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.我们女排赢得冠军的消息大

31、大地鼓舞了我们所有人。Ive e from Mr Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今日午时不能来看你了。2、有时同位语从句能够不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如：The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。The story goes that he failed

32、 in the College Entrance Examinations again.据说他高考又落榜了。二、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。例如：Where did you get the idea that I could not e?你在哪儿听说我不能来？Give me your promise that you will e to our party this evening.答应我，你今日晚上要来参加我们的晚会。三、同位语从句连接词的选用在英语中，引导同位语从句的词通常有连词(that， who， whether)，

33、连接副词(how，when，where)等。例如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该做这项工作，这个问题需要研究。We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.我们还没有决定到什么地方去度暑假。注：在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语

34、从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如：We have some doubt whether they can plete the task on time.我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise.我们相信张伟会守信的。同位语从句：that有些名词的后面能够接that引导的同位语从句：We came to the decision that we must act at once.我们做出决定：我们必须立即行动。He made a propo

35、sal that the meeting be postpone.他提议会议延期。There was little hope that he would survive.他幸存的期望很小。以下名词常用于以上句型：advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim，conclusion，decision，evidence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope， idea，impression，information，knowledge，message，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposa

36、l，remark，reply， report，saying，statement，suggestion，thought，treat，warning，wish，word同位语从句：whetherwhether能够引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用whether作为引导词。He hasnt made the decision whether he will go there.他还没有做出决定是否去那里。I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job.他是否适合这件工作我有点怀疑。同位语从句：whatwhat能够引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用

37、what作为引导词I have no idea what he is doing now.我不明白他此刻在干什么。同位语从句：howhow能够引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用how作为引导词Its a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。同位语从句：who等who，whom，which，when，where，why用来引导同位语从句The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要研究。She raised the question where we coul

38、d get the fund.她提出这个问题：我们到哪儿去搞这笔资金。四、同位语从句的语气在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“提议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should能够省略。例如：Our teacher gave us some advice how we (should) use the puter.教师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的提议。The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule (should) be ado

39、pted.采纳新规则的提议是主席提出来的。The government gave the order that all these houses (should) be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。五、同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别(1)同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系；而定语从句是用来修饰先行词，是从属的关系。同位语从句和定语从句的区别(2)that在同位语从句中没有词义，不充当句子成分；而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。同位语从句和定语从句的区别(3)whether，what，how能够用来引导同位语从句；而它们不能用来引导定语从句。同位语从句和定语从句的区别(4)一从词义角度看问题who，whom，which，when，where，why用来引导同位语从句是坚持原先疑问词的含义；它们用来引导定语从句时，不具有疑问词的含义。二从搭配角度看问题who，whom，which，when，where，why用来引导定语从句时对应性很强，如：先行词是“人”，引导词用“who”等，而它们引导同位语从句是先行词通常是“question，idea，doubt等”。学科网（北京）股份有限公司