英语词汇 (6).docx

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1、英语词汇 (6) 今年高考北京新增91个英语词汇及用法 在连续几年增加新词汇的基础上（2003年增加65个，2004年增加80个，2005年增加58个），2006年北京市高考接着增加新词汇91个，使得北京市高考考试说明的词汇总量上升至2688个（包括2282个单词和406个习惯用语和固定搭配）。为什么要持续增加词汇“不断加高校生负担”呢？接近高考我们应当怎么面对它们？笔者就此发表一下个人的看法： 1新课程标准要求中学学生词汇量达到3500左右（依据笔者统计比较精确的数字是3434个单词以及265个单独列出的国家名称及相关信息和数字、星期、月份等-这就总共达到3699个单词，还不包括词组和短语）

2、。新课程标准是国家纲领性文件，理应成为全国以及各独立命题的省、市高考词汇量的目标标准，天津、广东、湖北等地也在不断扩大词汇量，甚至今年有些省市比如湖南就干脆明确提出词汇范围参照新课程标准。据此笔者大胆推断今后几年北京市高考词汇还将要接着增加，但范围还是跟这几年一样基本不会超出课标，因为近年增加的词汇中只有去年的一个单词original是课标外的新词, 但其源词即其名词形式origin也是包括在课标内的。 2这次增加的91个单词有许多是英语学习和实际生活中常常见到和用到的基础词，在现行的主流教材课本中都属于比较高频的词汇。其实象人教版和外研版等中学课本都很留意词汇扩展以符合课标要求。今年增加的新

3、词比如acce，anyway，battery，cheat，culture，honey，horrible, movie, observe等等都应当是大家耳熟能详的，只要平常基本功比较扎实的同学就不必将他们看成负担为此徒生苦恼。 3在高考前有限的时间内复习单词，笔者认为最重要的还是留意单词的意义和用法，重视功能性和生成性，特殊要重视动词的运用，因此把它们放在句子中学习是比较有效的。至于每个单词要驾驭到什么程度，比如要学会该词的几种词性和义项，笔者还是提倡以课标为准，下面就依此将全部91个新词整理出来，希望对大家复习有所帮助。 4笔者在阅读探讨近几年北京市高考说明时发觉词汇表中竟然始终没有“I”这个

4、基本的词汇，为什么北京英语高考要这样“忘我”呢？不知是排版错误还是其他什么缘由，或许可以说明为以字母排序的形式出现了。笔者曾经试图电话联系北京市考试院惋惜始终没能胜利。在此提示广阔考生同学们留意。 2006年北京市高考新增加词汇91个： 1.acce n.方法，通路 The only acce to their house on the hillside is along a narrow path.只有顺着一条狭窄的小路爬到半山腰，才能到他们家。 Students in our school have easy acce to a good library.我们学校的学生可以自由地利用图书馆

5、。 v.存取（计算机文件） The files should be acceed every day to keep them up to date.应当每天存入那些文件以使他们保持更新。 It took me quite a long time to acce several different files to find the correct information.我花了好长时间存取了好多文件才找到所要的信息。 2.account n.帐目 Id like to open a new bank account .我想在银行开一个帐户。 I have no more than 2,000

6、 in my account.我的帐户上仅剩2，000英镑。 描述 The police asked me for an account of my movements around Saturday.警方要我说出星期 六前后我的活动。 You can read her own personal account of her experience in her diary.你可以从她的日记中看她对其个人经验的自我描述。 3.accuse v.指控，控告 He was accused of stealing again.他再次被指控盗窃。 The judge took his seat and

7、asked the accused man to stand up.法官就位后，请被告起立。 4.ambition n.雄心，野心，志向，理想 Her husband is full of ambition.她丈夫野心勃勃。 One of his ambitions is to become a great poet.他的目标之一是当个大诗人。 5.amount n.总数，总额, 数量 Large amounts of money were spent on the old temple.那座古庙花费了大笔的钱。 Can you really afford only half of this

8、amount now? 你真地只能付得起总数的一半吗？ v.总计，共达 The cost amounted to over 10,000 dollars.成本共计一万多美金。 What you say amounts to a refusal.你说的话就等于拒绝。 6.amuse vt.（使人）欢乐，逗乐 He thought of various activities to amuse the baby till bedtime.他想出各种活动来逗宝宝快乐直到上床睡觉。 Can you keep yourself amused while I make a phone call? 我打个电话

9、你自己消遣一会好吗？ 7.analyse（Am.analyze） v.分析，探讨 He analysed the food and found no poison in it.他分析了那份食物但没发觉有毒。 We must carefully analyse the causes of the accident.我们必需仔细分析那次事故的缘由。 8.ancient a.古代的，古老的 He is making a careful study of Chinese ancient history.他正在仔细探讨中国古代史。 She was wearing an ancient straw hat

10、.她戴着顶古式草帽。 9.anyway ad.不管怎样 He did lend us his hand, anyway.不管怎么说他的确帮我们忙了。 The book was rather difficult, but I went through it anyway.这本书很难，但我还是大体阅读了 一遍。 10.apart ad.除去，撇开 The bo felt satisfied with our work apart from a few slight faults.除了几处小毛病老板对我们干的工作感到满足。 Apart from the injury to her face, she

11、 broke her neck.除了脸上受伤外她的颈部骨折。 相距，相隔, 分开，分别 The couple are living apart.那对夫妇分居。 She was standing with her feet wide apart.她站在那里，双脚分得很开。 Sitting a little apart from the rest of the cla, Tom was painting.汤姆坐在离班里其他同学稍远点的地方绘画。 More and more families are breaking apart.越来越多的家庭解体。 11.apartment n.（美）楼中单元房，

12、一套房间 They moved into a new apartment.他们搬进一套新单元房。 The rich lady has different apartments in the big city.这位富姐在城里有好几套房子。 房间 May I know on which floor your apartment is? 我能知道你住在哪层楼吗？ Its much cheaper to live in an apartment than to stay in a hotel.住公寓比住旅馆要便宜得多。 12.aside ad.在旁边 I stood aside to let them

13、 pa.我站在一边让他们过去。 My wife put aside the sweater she was working on to answer the door.我老婆把手中正在织的毛衣放到一边去应门。 13.aume v.假使，假定，设想 Auming it rains this afternoon, what shall we do? 假设今日下午下雨的话我们怎么办？ We must aume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.在证明他有罪之前我们要假定他是清白的。 14.aware a.明白的，醒悟的 Are you awar

14、e of the difficulty in persuading her? 你相识到要劝服她该多难吗？ Im well aware that few jobs are available at present.我很明白眼下基本没有什么工作好找。 15.awful a.可怕的 The pain in my back was awful.我的背部疼得不得了。 Theres an awful accident at the croing.路口发生了可怕的车祸。 极厌烦的，糟透的 What an awful film! 真是糟糕透了的电影！ The weather was awful during

15、their holidays.他们假期中的天气糟透了。 16.battery n.电池 This transistor has two batteries.这个晶体管收音机有两块电池。 The battery wants recharging.这块电池该充电了。 17.bother v.打搅，烦扰 Im sorry to bother you, but can you tell me the time? 不好意思打搅你，几点了？ Dont bother your father with it now; he is tired from work.别去用那件事情烦你爸爸；他工作很累了。 The

16、problem has been bothering me.那个问题始终在困扰我。 18.cancel vt.取消 He cancelled his trip abroad because he fell ill.他因为生病取消了出国之行。 Why did she cancel the appointment with Mr.Black? 她为何取消了跟布莱克先生的预约？ 19.ceremony n.典礼，仪式 Did she leave before the closing ceremony? 她在进行闭幕式前就走了吗？ Our relatives were all present at o

17、ur wedding ceremony.我们的亲属都来参与我们的婚礼了。 20.characteristic a.典型的，有特色的 He spoke to us with characteristic enthusiasm.他以其特有的热忱对我们发表了讲话。 The wet weather is characteristic of the northwest of their country.这种潮湿的天气在他们国家的西北是很典型的。 21.cheat n.骗取，哄骗，作弊 Some tax cheats have been discovered in the past half-year.头

18、半年查出了几起偷漏税案件。 His management turned out to be a shameful cheat.他的经营原来是见不得人的欺诈行为。 骗子 The cheat was caught and taken to the police.那个骗子被抓住送给警察了。 The two weavers who made the new clothes for the emperor turned out to be cheats.给皇帝做新衣服的那两个织工原来是骗子。 v.骗取，哄骗, 作弊 Youre really just cheating yourself if you c

19、heat in an examination.你要在考试中作弊其实就是蒙蔽你自己。 It wasnt the first time that he had cheated at cards.这不是他头一回打牌捣鬼了。 mittee n.委员会 The committee believes that the Department of Education must be improved.委员会觉得教化部应当改进。 She is on several committees.她是好几个委员会的委员。 plex a.错综困难的，难以理解的 We soon got lost in the comple

20、x network of roads connecting the two cities.我们不久就在连接这两座城市的错综困难的道路网中迷路了。 His political ideas were too complex to get support from ordinary people.他的政治理念太过于困难从而很难得到公众的支持。 n.困难，合成系统 The new sports complex in our district has everything needed for many different activities.我们社区新建的综合体育馆可以供应各种不同体育运动所须要的一

21、切设备。 Did they pull down the houses to make room for a big industrial complex? 他们拆除那些房屋是为腾出地方来建设一个大型的工业联合体吗？ 24.consist v.包含，组成，构成 The delicious soup consists of tomatoes, peas and meat.这份可口的汤里有番茄，豌豆和肉。 How many districts does the city of Beijing consist of? 北京城由几个区组成？ 25.convince v.劝服，使确信 We convinc

22、ed her to go to the library.我们劝服她去了图书馆。 It was hard to convince you that we couldnt afford a large house.要让你确信我们买不起一幢大房子很不简单。 26.culture n.文化 Beijing is a good city for anybody who is really interested in culture.北京对任何真正对文化感爱好的人都是个好城市。 Chinese culture has already become widely known in the Western c

23、ountries.中国文化已经为西方国家所广泛了解。 27.debt n.债务, 欠款 What does your debt add up to? 你总共欠多少钱？ His sons spent too much of his money and soon he got into debt.他的儿子们花去他太多的钱，很快他就债台高筑了。 28.dot n.点，小点，圆点 The captain marked the position with a dot on the map.船长在地图上的那个位置标了个小点。 Shes wearing a white dre with little pin

24、k dots.她穿着件带粉红圆点的白连衣裙。 29.fee n.费，费用 The famous surgeon charged a fee of $200 per consultation.这位闻名外科医生每次出诊要收取二百美元。 Her parents couldnt afford the fees for her to study music.她的父母负担不起她学习音乐的费用。 30.finance n.财务，财政 Her grandpa is an expert in finance.她外公是个财务专家。 Its strange that a person working in a ba

25、nk doesnt know about finance.很惊奇在银行工作的人不了解财务。 经费，资金 Unle we get more finance, well have to close some branches.除非我们得到更多的经费，不然我们就要不得不关闭一部分分公司了。 Additional finance may be neceary to meet expanding needs both at home and abroad.为了满意国内外日益增长内的须要有必要追加经费。 31.focus v.使聚焦 This picture looks funny.Did you for

26、get to focus the camera? 那张照片看上去很有意思。你遗忘调整照相机的焦距了吗？ The beams of light moved acro the sky and finally focused on the balloon.光束在天空移动最终聚焦在那个气球上了。 n.焦点，中心 This photograph is badly out of focus.We cant see his face clearly.那张照片很模糊。我们根本看不清晰他的脸。 Bring the vase into focus if you want a sharp picture.你要是想照

27、张清楚的照片就要聚焦在这个花瓶上。 32.folk a.民间的 Which do you prefer, pop music or folk music? 流行音乐和民间音乐你更喜爱什么？ She became interested in Irish folk dancing.她对爱尔兰民间舞蹈产生了爱好。 33.forecast n.& vt.预报 Warmer weather is forecast for the next three days.预报以后的三每天气更加温煦。 The recent weather forecast is inaccurate.最近的天气预报不很精确。 He

28、r teachers forecast a brilliant future for the little girl.小女孩的老师们都预见她将来前程辉煌。 34.function n.功能，作用 Whats the function of a chairman at a meeting? 会议主席的作用是什么？ Computers can fulfill a useful function if used properly.假如运用得当电脑能够起很大作用。 v.运行，起作用 The sewing machine wont function well if you dont oil it reg

29、ularly.假如你不定时上油那台缝纫机就不好用。 Is your brain functioning normally? 你的脑子没有毛病吧？ 35.honey n.蜂蜜 Its said that honey does good to womens health.据说蜂蜜对妇女的身体健康有利。 Susan helped herself with a piece of toast and spread it with honey.苏珊自己拿了块烤面包并抹上蜂蜜。 36.horrible a.令人恐惊的, 恐怖的 How many people were killed in the horri

30、ble accident? 那次恐怖的事故中有多少人丧生？ I dont like films full of horrible scenes of murder and violence.我不爱看充溢可怕的凶杀和暴力镜头的影片。 37.ignore v.忽视，不理 He ignored the speed limit and drove too fast.他无视限速开得飞速。 I could no longer ignore his rudene.我对他的无礼忍无可忍了。 38.import v.进口，输入 Cars are imported into our country every y

31、ear.每年我们国家都进口汽车。 A lot of countries import wool from Australia.许多国家都从澳大利亚进口羊毛。 n.进口，输入 The import of oil from abroad was cut off when the war broke out.斗争一爆发从国外进口石油就被切断了。 Theres been a great increase in both import and export.进出口都有很大增长。 39.impre vt.留下极深的印象 I was very impreed by what he said.他所说的话给我留

32、下了深刻的印象。 The significant sights of the Great Wall impreed the foreign tourists.外国游客无一不对长城的壮丽景象留有深刻的印象。 40.indicate v.指示，表示 He indicated the bar acro the street when I asked where his father was.我问他爸爸在哪里的时候他指了指街道对过的酒吧。 A red sky at night indicates fine weather the following day.晚上天涯有红云就表示次日天气会很晴朗。 41

33、.insurance n.保险 There are many insurances you can choose when you buy a house.当你买房子时有多种保险可供选择。 People without insurance should pay for their own lo.没上保险的人应自理损失费用。 42.junior a.初级的 All the children will go to junior schools before entering middle schools.全部的孩子在上中学之前都要上小学。 The book is suitable for the

34、students who study junior English.这本书适合英语初学者。 年少的 He is my junior.他比我小。 My sister is two years junior to me.我妹妹比我小两岁。 43.kid n.小孩 Where are the kids? 孩子们在哪？ How many kids do you have? 你有几个孩子？ 44.latter n.（两者之中的）后者 They all support the former idea, but I prefer the latter one.他们都支持前一种想法，但我却比较喜爱后一种。 O

35、f the two the latter one is better than the former one.两者中后者比前者好。 45.literature n.文学 When I was at university, I studied American and British literature.我在高校的时候学习了英美文学。 He got a degree in Ruian literature.他获得了俄国文学学士学位。 46.means n.方法，手段 The quickest means of travel now is by air.现在最快的旅行方式是坐飞机。 He cou

36、ldnt speak, but made himself understood by means of signs.他不能说话但通过做手势的方式让人明白了他的意思。 财产 She intended to marry her daughter to a man of means.她想把闺女嫁给个富翁。 Have the means to support your large family? 你的收入够养活你那一大家子人吗？ 47.movie n.（口语）电影 Theres a good movie on tonight.今晚有一部好电影要上映。 We are all movie fans.我们都

37、是电影迷。 48.observe v.视察，监视，观测 He kept on observing the stars for nearly 20 years.他坚持视察星相有将近20年了。 The police have been observing the suspects movements.警方始终监视着嫌疑犯的一举一动。 49.occupy v.占有，占据，占据 Her books occupied too much space.她的书占了太多的地方。 Voluntary work occupies a lot of my spare time.志愿服务工作占去我大部分业余时间。 Th

38、e city was occupied by their enemy.那座城市被敌人占据。 50.outstanding a.杰出的，优秀的 I was proud of your outstanding performance.我为你们精彩的表演感到骄傲。 Some outstanding students are competing for the top prize.几名杰出的学生在争夺大奖。 51.overcome v.克服，战胜，解决 Its high time you overcame your bad habit.你早该克服你的坏毛病了。 Well overcome that d

39、ifficulty when we get to it.我们到时候会战胜那困难的。 52.per prep.每，每一 Potatoes cost 1 dollar per pound.土豆每磅一美元。 How many words can you type per minute? 你每分钟可打多少字? 53.positive a.确定的 Are you positive shes the person you danced with last Saturday? 你确定她就是上周跟你跳过舞的那人吗？ We still dont have a positive answer as to how

40、he died.他是怎么死的我们还说不准。 主动的 The bo sang high praise for our positive thinking.老板对我们的主动思索大为赞许。 Its no use just telling me to do it; give me positive advice as how to do it.只告知我做什么没用，请在做法上给我一些详细指导。 54.potential a.可能的，潜在的 I dare say every seed is a potential plant.我敢说每颗种子都会长成植物。 He is seen as a potential

41、 winner in the game.大家都认为他将是竞赛的获胜者。 n.潜力 Your daughter certainly shows the potential to become a good singer.你女儿当然很有希望成为一名好歌手。 He is a young player with great potential.他是一位有很大潜力的年轻选手。 55.predict v.预料，预言 He predicted that she would become an excellent dancer.他预言她会成为一个很棒的舞蹈家。 Can you predict when the

42、 task will be fulfilled? 你能预料什么时候完成任务吗？ 56.profit n.利润 They sold the coal mine at a profit.他们把煤矿卖掉赚了钱。 Did she make any profit on the sale? 她做这次买卖挣到钱了吗？ 利益，好处 Were reading for both profit and pleasure.我们阅读既是为得到好处也是为愉悦。 You could with profit spend some extra time learning a foreign language.你额外花些时间学习

43、外语是有好处的。 57.purchase v.购买，购置 Have you considered purchasing a new house by the river? 你考虑过买幢河边的房子吗？ We were encouraged to purchase shares in that firm.激励我们购买那家公司的股票。 58.quality n.质量，性质 I insist that we use building materials of high quality.我坚持用质量高的建筑材料。 He shows real quality as an actor.作为演员他表现出真正的

44、表演才华。 59.quit v.停止，放弃 Theyve quit working on the project of the dam.他们已经停下了修建大坝的工作。 Ill quit if I dont get a pay rise.假如不给我加薪我就不干了。 60.rank n.职衔，军衔 He asked what your rank was.他问你的军衔是什么。 Is your husband above or below a major in rank? 你丈夫的军阶在上校之上还是之下？ 61.rate n.率，比率 The birth rate is the number of b

45、irths compared to the number of the people of some area in a certain time.诞生率是某一时间某个地方新诞生的人数跟人口数的比率。 So far the spacecrafts been traveling at a steady rate.到目前为止飞船始终在以稳定的速度飞行。 v.认为，估价 We all rate him highly as a novelist.我们都认为他是很棒的小说家。 What do you rate her income at? 你估计她的收入有多少？ 62.reality n.现实 Her

46、words brought me back to reality.她的话把我带回到现实。 Do you think the plan will soon become a reality? 你认为安排会很快实现吗？ 63.reflect v.反射 The reason why white clothes are cooler is that they reflect the heat.白色衣服穿上去比较凉快的缘由是反射热。 She looked at her face reflected in the mirror.她看了看自己映在镜子里的脸庞。 64.religion n.宗教 Whatre the three main religions in the world