2022年6月英语四级阅读理解练习 （2） .docx

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1、2022年6月英语四级阅读理解练习 （2） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetooldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsand,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Someotherresearcherswhostudyvariousa

2、spectsofmentallife,maintainthoserewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparksingrade-schoolchildrensuggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiv

3、eness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalPersonalityandSocialPsychology.Iftheyknowthey'reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,saysRobertEsenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.Butit'seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreati

4、ngtoomuchanticipationforrewards.Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Esenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefallinggrades.Inearliergrades,

5、theuseofso-calledtokeneconomics,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.1Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward_.A)thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragementandmon

6、etaryrewardsB)theappropriateamountofexternalrewardsC)thestudyofrelationshipbetweenactionsandD)theeffectsofexternalrewardsonstudents'performance查看原文2Whatistheviewheldbymanyeducatorsconcerningexternalrewardsforstudents?A)Theyapproveofexternalrewards.B)Theydon'tthinkexternalrewards.C)Theyhavedo

7、ubtsaboutexternalrewards.D)Theybelieveexternalrewardscanmotivatesmallchildren,butnotcollegestudents.查看原文3Accordingtotheresultofthestudymentionedinthepassage,whatshouldeducatorsdotostimulatemotivationandcreativity?A)Giverewardsforperformanceswhichdeservethem.B)Alwayspromiserewards.C)Assigntaskswhicha

8、renotverychallenging.D)Bemorelenienttostudentswhenmistakesaremade.查看原文4Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve_.A)rewardingpoorperformancemaykillthecreativityofstudents’B)punishmentismoreeffectivethanrewardingC)failinguninspir

9、edstudentshelpsimprovetheiroverallacademicstandardsD)discouragingthestudentsanticipationforeasyrewardsismatterofurgency查看原文5Whichofthefollowingfactsabouttokeneconomicsisnotcorrect?A)Studentsareassignedchallengingtasks.B)Rewardsaregivenforgoodperformances.C)Studentsareevaluatedaccordingtotheefforttheyputintothetask.D)Withtokeneconomics,students’creativitycanbeenhanced.查看原文第4页 共4页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页