2019-2020年高中英语知识点大全96pass短语归纳.pdf

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1、2019-2020 年高中英语知识点大全 96 pass 短语归纳1、pass 短语归纳pass sth.down 把某物一代一代传下去；pass sb. sth./pass sth.to sb. 把某物递给某人；pass the exam/ test/ law 通过考试 / 测验 / 法律； pass sth.on 将某物传、交给某人；pass away 逝世； pass by 路过，忽视注意： past 是介词“过，经过”或名词“过去”；passed 是 pass 的过去式和过去分词。如：half past six六点半； in the past few years在过去的几年里；Two

2、weeks passed. 两周的时间过去了。He walked past the gate. 他从大门口走过。 应用 完成句子去年他母亲去世了。His mother _ _ last year. 这戒指是我家传来来的。This ring_ _ _ _in my family. 那本书你看完了给我。_the book_ _me when youve finished it.那个年轻人听到这个消息，由于震惊昏了过去。When the young man heard the news. He_ _with the shock. Key: passed, away has, been, passed

3、, down Pass, on, to passed, out pass(to ) 将递给，传达Please pass me the bread and butter. 请递给我面包奶油。Pass the word to him that Napolean will e himself. 把拿破仑要亲自来的消息告诉他。拓展： （1）vi. 走过，通过Because of the large crowd in the street the truck was unable to pass. 因为大街上人很多，卡车无法通过。（2）n. 通行证Nobody can go into the hall

4、without a pass. 没有通行证，任何人不准进入大厅。2、pay for/pay offpay for 付的货款，为付代价pay off 全部还清，偿请（借款）Did you pay 300 yuan to him for that bicycle?I have just paid off my loan from the bank. Youll have to pay for your mistakes.3、Permita driving permit 该词组意为“驾驶执照”，词组里permit是名词，意为“许可证”，“执照”。如：You wont get into the con

5、ference hall without a permit.2019-2020 年高中英语知识点教案新人教版必修5词汇：Unit 1: 1. put forward: 提出（计划、建议等） ；将提前；把钟表拨快e.g. He put forward a good plan for this project. 他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案。The match has been put forward to 1:30. 比赛已经提前到一点半举行。Put the clock forward by ten minutes. 把钟表拨快十分钟。【词语联想】? put away: 收起来；贮存，储蓄?

6、put down: 放下；写下，记下? put off: 推迟；延期? put on: 穿上；增加；上演（戏剧）e.g. put on weight: 增加了体重put on a new play: 上演新戏剧? put up: 张贴；撑开（帐篷）e.g. put up a poster: 张贴海报put up a tent: 搭起帐篷2. conclude: v. 作结论，断定e.g. The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪审团认定他有罪。conclusion: n. 结论【习惯用语】 draw a conclusion 作出结论3. defeat

7、vt.打败 , 击败 , 战胜；使( 希望 , 计划等 ) 失败 , 挫败 ; 阻挠 , 使无效e.g. He finally conceded defeat . 他最终承认了失败 。 区别 : defeat, conquer, overe ? defeat 指“赢得胜利” , 尤其指“军事上的胜利”,e.g. defeat the enemy 打败敌人。? conquer指“征服”、”战胜” , 特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”, 如: e.g. conquer nature 征服自然。? overe指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言, 如: e.g. overe diffic

8、ulties 克服困难。4. attend: v. 1) to be present at; go to (meeting, conference, lecture.) 出席；参加e.g. He decided to attend the meeting himself. 他决定亲自赴会。2) to look after, care for, serve 照顾；看护。e.g. Which doctor is attending to (on) you? 哪位医生护理你？3）to go with 伴随e.g. The work was attended with much difficulty.

9、 这项工作带来许多困难。5. expose.to. e.g. Dont expose your skin to the sun for too long. 不要使你的皮肤暴露在太阳光下太长时间。They had to be exposed to the enemys gunfire. 他们不得不冒着敌人的炮火。6. blame sb. for sth. 因为某事责备某人e.g. He blamed the boy for his mistake. be to blame: 应受责备，应负责任Who is to blame for the mistake？这个错误应归咎于谁？7. in addi

10、tion: 除此之外，另外, 意思相当于 besides, whats more e.g. I paid 100 Yuan in addition. 我又付了 100 元。In addition to English, he has to study a second language. 除了英语以外，他还要学习第二外国语。 区别 : in addition to, except, besides,beside ? in addition to：除之外，还有，表示递进关系。e.g. The pany provided the workers with free lunch in additio

11、n to paid holidays. 这家公司为员工们提供带薪假期，还有免费午餐。? except: 除之外，表示在整体中排除，e.g. Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外 , 所有人都收到了请柬. ? besides表示“除了以外，还有”，与in addition to 同义，e.g. Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.王先生也去了。We all agreed besides him.我们都同意 , 他也同意。? beside : 在旁边。表示方位。e.g. Lily sits b

12、eside me in class. 莉莉在班上做我旁边。同义句转换1）He speaks French as well as English. e.g. He speaks French in addition to/besides English. 2) Apart from the salary, it s not a bad job.e.g. In addition to/Except the salary, its not a bad job.8. announce: 公布；宣告e.g. He announced his decision. 他宣布了他的决定。9. absorb v.

13、 1) 吸收 A sponge absorbs water. 海绵吸水。【习惯用语】2）专心于 be absorbed in sth: 专心的，全神贯注的The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. 这个小姑娘正在全神贯注的阅读一篇故事。10. challenge n.挑战 ; 挑战书 ; 邀请比赛 ; 要求决斗vt. 向.挑战 , 要求 , 怀疑 ; vi. 挑战 , 对( 证据等 ) 表示异议e.g. meet the serious challenge面对严峻 挑战Unit 2: 1. consist of be made up of 由

14、组成 ( 没有进行时）e.g. The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the UK. 2. 区别 : ? separate . from (把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来）? divide.into 把分开（把整体分为若干部分）e.g. The teacher divided the class into two groups. The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian. 3. de

15、bate about sth. e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days. debate /argue/ quarrel 4. clarify: vt./vi. (cause sth. to )bee clear or easier to understand 澄清；阐明 ;清楚；明了e.g. I hope what I say will clarify the situation. Can you clarify the question? 5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined t

16、o 连接【习惯用语】 link A to B 将 A和 B连接起来6. refer to 1)提及，指的是e.g. When he said “some students ”, do you think he was referring to us?2) 参考；查阅；询问e.g. If you dont understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries. Please refer to the last page of the book for answers. 3) 关系到；关乎e.g. What I have to say refer

17、s to all of you. This rule refers to everyone. reference: n. 参考 e.g. reference books 参考书7. to ones surprise (prep) “to ones + 名词” 表“令某人”常见的名词有“delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale. To Johns great relief they re

18、ached the house at last. 8. . found themselves united peacefully “find + 宾语宾补( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介词短语；不定式）”e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. Youll find him easy to get along with. They found themselves trapped by the bush fire. When I woke up, I found my

19、self in hospital. I called on him yesterday, but I found him out. 9. get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做.e.g. Ill just get these dishes washed and then Ill e. get + n. + to do get + n. + doing Youll get her to agree. Ill get the car going. get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生，意为“被. ”e.g. Be careful when you cross

20、 this very busy street. 10. break away (from sb / sth) 脱离；破除e.g. It is not easy for him to break away from bad habits. The man broke away from his guards. break down ( 会谈 ) 破裂，失败； ( 汽车等 ) 出故障； ( 人的健康状况 ) 变得恶劣；（情感）失控e.g. His car broke down on the way to work this morning. His health broke down under

21、the pressure of work. He broke down and wept when he heard the news. Talks between the two countries have pletely broken down. ? break in 闯入；打岔? break off 中断，折断? break into 闯入? break out 爆发; 发生? break up 驱散；分散，拆散11. as well as 不仅而且；既又e.g. He is a teacher as well as a writer. The children as well as

22、their father were seen playing football in the street. 12. convenience: n.方便；便利e.g. We bought this house for its convenience. convenient: adj. 13. attraction: 1). 吸引；引力 ( 不可数 n.) 2). 吸引人的东西；喜闻乐见的东西；精彩节目( 可数 n.) e.g. attraction of gravitation 重力He cant resist the attraction of the sea on a hot day. A

23、 big city offers many and varied attractions. What are the principle attractions this evening? attract: v. 14. influence 1) v. 对产生影响e.g. What influence you to choose a career in teaching? 2)可数 n. 产生影响的人或事e.g. He is one of the good influences in the school. 3) ( 不可数 n.) 影响e.g. A teacher has great inf

24、luence over his pupils. Unit 3: 1. impression n. 印记；印象；感想；后接 of sb./ of sth./ on sb./ that 从句；e.g. My first impression of him was favourable.他给我的第一印象不错。I got the impression that they were unhappy about the situation. 我觉得他们不满于当时的状况。知识拓展： impress v. 给留下深刻的印象；使铭记； 使感动； 常用结构有： impress sth. on/upon sb./i

25、mpress sb. with sth.给留下深刻的印象；使铭记；It impressed me that she remembered my name.令我佩服的是她记得我的名字。2. remind v. 提醒；使想起；常用结构有: remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事；remind sb. (that)/wh-从句提醒某人；使某人想起；remind sb. about/of sth. 使某人想起或意识到；提醒某人某事e.g. Im sorry, but Ive forgotten your name, can you remind me? 很抱歉，我记不起你的名字，你

26、能提醒我一下吗？You remind me of your father when you say that. 你说这样的话使我想起了你的父亲。知识拓展： reminder n. 提醒物；引起回忆的事物3. constantly adv. 始终；一直；重复不断地e.g. Fashion is constantly changing.时尚总是日新月异。知识拓展： constant adj. 连续发生的；不断的；重复的；4. previous adj.先前的；以往的； （时间上）稍前的e.g. No previous experience is necessary for this job. 这一

27、工作无需相关的经验。I couldnt believe it when I heard the news. I had only seen him the previous day.听到这个消息时，我不敢相信；我就在前一天还见到过他。知识拓展： previously adv. 先前的；早先e.g. The building had previously been used as a hotel. 这座楼房早先曾用作旅馆。5. bend v.（bent bent ） 弯曲；使弯曲；弯腰；弯身；常用搭配有 : bend ones mind/efforts to sth. 致力于某事； bend s

28、b.to sth. 迫使；说服 bend the truth 歪曲事实e.g. Its hard to bend an iron bar. 把铁棒弄弯很不容易。She bent her head and kissed her daughter. 她低下头吻了她的女儿。6. press v. 压；按；推；挤；坚持；敦促n.报章杂志，新闻工作者，新闻界e.g. She pressed a handkerchief to his nose. 她用手绢捂住鼻子。She pressed down hard on the gas pedal. 她用力踩下油门踏板。He is still pressing

29、her claim for pensation. 他仍坚持索赔。The press was/were not allowed to attend the trial. 庭审谢绝新闻采访。7. switch n. 难对付的人、处境困难或可怜的人、难办的事 ; 难治之症、古里古怪冒冒失失的家伙? as is often the case 这是常有的事? in any case 无论如何, 总之? in case of 万一., 如果发生 . ? in no case 决不? in that case? in this case 假如这样的话? It is not the case 情况不是这样;

30、并非事实。? This is not the case 情况不是这样; 并非事实。? That is not the case 情况不是这样; 并非事实。? just in case 以防( 万一 ) Unit 5 ：1. first aid 的意思是“急救”，例如：first aid to the injured 给予伤员的急救。短语联想give/offer aid 援助 e to sbs aid 帮助某人teaching aids 教具 medical aid 医疗救护with the aid of 借助于get injured 受伤，在现代英语中大量地出现了由“get + 及物动词不达意

31、的过去分词”构成的被动语态，这叫 get - 型被动语态。又如：The puter got (was)damaged when we were moving. 我们搬家的时候，电脑碰坏了。My bike is getting (is being)repaired row. 我的自行车正在修理。2. Protect 动词， “保护、 维护”， 用于句式“ protect + 名词 + against/from + 名词”。例如：e.g. He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 他带着太阳镜以挡强

32、烈的阳光。【短语联想】? Keep. from. 不让/ 避免? stop. (from) . 阻止? prevent.(from) . 妨碍/ 防止? disable. from. 使失去（能力/ 资格）? save. from. 挽救、拯救3.depend on 取决于。例如：e.g. The amount you pay depends on where you live. 你付多少取决于你住哪里。词义拓展depend on 依靠，依赖：His family depends on him. 他的一家人全靠他养活。依赖，信任： We are depending on you to fini

33、sh the job by Friday. 我们相信你在星期五前能完成这项工作。4. squeeze 动词，意思是“榨取”、“挤出”，例如：squeeze an orange 榨橘子常用句式squeeze + 名词 + out(of/from) + 名词，例如：e.g. Those blackmailers intended to squeeze more money out of him. 那些勒索者打算向他榨取更多的钱。over and over again 再三地。例如：I ve to ld you over and over again not to do that. 我再三告诫你不要

34、那样做。5. hurt 既可作及物动词，作“伤害”、“使受伤”解，也可作不及物动词，作“疼痛”、“感到疼痛”解。既可表达身体的受伤，也可以表达情感的伤害。例如：e.g. The little boy has fallen off a ladder and hurt himself. 小男孩从梯子上摔了下来受了伤。The driver hurt himself in the accident. 司机在事故中受了伤。6. unless 除非；如果不。如：7. icy adj. 冰凉的-y 是个形容词后缀。如：windy 有风的 hilly 多小山的 sleepy 困倦的greeny 略呈绿色 sp

35、icy 辛辣的 woody 树木茂密的thirsty 饥渴的 dirty 脏的 snowy 下雪的8. in place 放在适当的地方。如：e.g. The librarian put the returned books in place. 图书管理员把还回的图书放到原处。Yond better put things back in place.Otherwise, it will be difficult to find things. 你最好把你的东西各就各位，不然很难找。9. sense n. 感觉? sense of touch 触觉 sense of sight 视觉? sens

36、e of hearing 听觉 sense of smell 嗅觉? sense of humour 幽默感 sense of beauty 美感? sense of hunger 饥饿感 the sixth sense 第六感10. variety n. 多样 , 种类 , 【习惯用语】a variety of 各种各样【词语联想】various a. 不同的 , 各种的 , 多方面的 , 许多的e.g. Everyone arrived late at the party for various reasons. 由于种种原因 , 每个人赴会都迟到了。语法：一、过去分词过去分词兼有动词、副

37、词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。它在句中可以作定语、表语、 宾语补足语或状语。这节课讲解作定语、表语的用法。1. 作定语作定语的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语，一般放在被修饰词的后面。例如：There are many fallen leaves on the ground. This is a book written by a worker. 2. 作表语过去分词作表语, 多表示主语所处的状态。I was pleased at the news. The door remained locked. 过去分词

38、作表语，相当于形容词，常见的有：delighted, disappointed, astonished, interested, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, excited, married 等。过去分词作表语时，应注意与被动结构的区别。系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点；被动结构强调谓语动作。The small village is surrounded by trees.（状态）The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers.（动作）Im interested in che

39、ss.（状态）3. 过去分词做状语表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词 when 或 while 来强调时间概念。Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Exhausted, the children fell asleep at

40、 once. 由于太累了，孩子们马上就睡着了。Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用 if 等词。Heated, water changes into steam. 如果加热的话，水会变成水蒸气。Given another chance, he will do better. 再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语

41、从句。Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。表伴随，说明动作发生的背景或情况。Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom. 被学生包围着，那位老教师走进了教室。The trainer appeared, followed by five little dogs. 教练出现了，身后跟着五条狗。倒装句：一、 here, there, now, then, thus 等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常

42、用 be, e, go, lie, run 。There goes the bell. 铃声响了。Then came the chairman. 主席来了。Here is your letter. 你的信。二、否定词置于句首，句子应进行倒装。 nor, neither 放句首Tod cant swim, neither can I. 托德不会游泳，我也不会。 用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, often, at no time, not only, not once, many a time 等词开头的句子。Never sh

43、all I go there again. 我再也不去那了。Little did he know who the woman was.他基本上不知道那女人是谁。Seldom was he late for class.他很少上学迟到。用于 no sooner . than ., hardly. when. 和 not until. 的句型中Hardly had I reached the station when the train left. 我刚到车站 , 火车就离开了。No sooner had she gone out than the phone rang. 她刚离开 , 电话就响了

44、。Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 直到老师来，他才完成作业。三、用于 only 放句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子。Only in this way can you master English well. 只有这种方法，你才能学好英语。Only that time did he do his homework. 直到哪个时间，他才做作业。Only when he told me did I realize what trouble I was in. 直到他告诉我，我才意识到我有了什么样的麻烦。省略句：一、

45、省略的目的省略多见于非正式文体，尤其在对话中， 省略是一种普遍的现象。英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的：1避免重复，减少累赘省略的主要目的是避免重复，去掉不必要的累赘和繁琐。Mike said that he would e to school to see me the next day, but he didnt e to school to see me the next day. Mike said that he would e to school to see me the next day, but he didnt. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是他并没有来。（省掉最后九个词，

46、句子简洁了许多）2连接紧密，结构紧凑省略也是使上下文紧密连接的一种修辞手段。John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in xx. 约翰是 1994 年的获胜者，鲍勃是 xx 年的获胜者。（Bob 后省略了 was the winner，句子结构显得比较紧凑）3强调重点，突出信息省略的另一作用是突出新的信息Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud. 真理讲话声太低，虚伪讲话声太高。（后一分句省略谓语 speaks ，突出了 too loud）二、句子成分的省略为了避免重复， 或者为了使某一内容引人注目，可以省略某些句子成分而

47、保持句子原意不变。1省略主语Beg your pardon.请你原谅。（= I beg your pardon.） ）Serves you right. 你活该（= It serves you right.）2省略谓语Anything the matter? 要紧吗？（= Is anything the matter?）The river was deep and the ice thin. 河很深，冰很薄。（= The river was deep and the ice was thin.）3省略表语Are you ready? Yes,I am. 你准备好了吗？我准备好了。（am 后面省略了表语 ready ）4省略宾语We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们必须分析问题并解决问题。(analyze 后省略了宾语 problems) Lets do the dishes. Ill wash and youll dry. 我们洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。（wash 和 dry 后面省略了宾语 dishes ）5省略定语He spent part of