2022年考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析3.docx

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1、2022年考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析3Test3Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldividethedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatwor

2、kagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccessafterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afrai

3、dtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldp

4、overtythatwe'veeverhad.Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn'ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriestha

5、tstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialsinfrastructure,itdidn'thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica'sSecondWaveinfrastructureincludin

6、groads,barbors,highways,portsandsoonwerebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain'sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatma

7、tter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou'regoingtobe.Thatdoesn'tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.Butitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenerg

8、yandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.1Digitaldivideissomething_.AgettingworsebecauseoftheInternetBtherichcountriesareresponsibleforCtheworldmustguardagainstDconsideredpositivetoday查看原文2GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit_.AofferseconomicpotentialsBcanbringfo

9、reignfundsCcansoonwipeoutworldpovertyDconnectspeopleallovertheworld查看原文3ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof_.AprovidingfinancialsupportoverseasBpreventingforeigncapital'scontrolCbuildingindustrialinfrastructureDacceptingforeigninvestment查看原文4Itseemsthatnowacountry'

10、seconomydependsmuchon_.Ahowwell-developeditiselectronicallyBwhetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrantsCwhetheritadoptsAmerica'sindustrialpatternDhowmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporations查看原文pecializationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthe

11、subjectmatterintosmallerunits,onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.Butspecializationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalisationofscientificactivity.Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedraw

12、nbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience:exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Neverthelss,thewordamateurdoescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthofspecializationinthenineteenthcentury,withitsconsequentrequi

13、rementofalonger,morecomplextraining,impliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationinscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublic

14、ationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thus,inthenineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;but,inthetwentiethcentury,localstudieshaveinc

15、reasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflecton,thewidergeologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,havecontinuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespread

16、introductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournalshavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasle

17、dtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,wheretheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.AlthoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecializationwasalreadywellunderwayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcentury,

18、itsfullconsequenceswerethusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.Insciencegenerally,however,thenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureofscience.5Thegrowthofspecializationinthe19thcenturymightbemoreclearlyseeninsciencessuchas_.AsociologyandchemistryBphysicsandpsychology

19、CsociologyandpsychologyDphysicsandchemistry查看原文6Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_.AthereislittledistinctionbetweenspecializationandprofessionalisationBamateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofscienceCprofessionalstendtowelcomeamateursintothescientificcommunityDamateurshavenationalacademicsocietie

20、sbutnolocalones查看原文7Theauthorwritesofthedevelopmentofgeologytodemonstrate_.AtheprocessofspecializationandprofessionalisationBthehardshipofamateursinscientificstudyCthechangeofpoliciesinscientificpublicationsDthediscriminationofprofessionalsagainstamateurs查看原文8Thedirectreasonforspecializationis_.AthedevelopmentincommunicationBthegrowthofprofessionalisationCtheexpansionofscientificknowledgeDthesplittingupofacademicsocieties查看原文第7页 共7页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页