初中英语时态小结.ppt

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1、一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时一般将来时现在完成时句子常带有表示频率的时间状语：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually1、一般动词，在词尾加一般动词，在词尾加 s ; 如：如： work-works, live-lives, play-plays eg: She lives in Ningbo. 她住在宁波。她住在宁波。2、以、以s/x/sh/ch/o 等字母结尾的动词，词尾加等字母结尾的动词，词尾加 -es ， teach- teaches, wa

2、sh- washes. eg: My mother washes the coat. 我母亲洗了大衣。我母亲洗了大衣。行为动词行为动词(实义动词）实义动词）一般现在时一般现在时 第三人称单第三人称单数数（he,she,it，人名等人名等) 的构成规则：的构成规则：2.行为动词：行为动词： DO 和和DOES3.辅音字母辅音字母+y结尾的词，改结尾的词，改y 为为i 再加再加es. study studiese.g He studies at Tingshua University.1.Be 动词的否定式动词的否定式: be + notI am a teacher. You are a work

3、erShe is a doctorWe are friends.Im not a teacherYou arent a workerShe isnt a doctor.We arent friends.is not=isntare not=arent 否定句否定句2.实义动词实义动词(do)的否定句：的否定句：当当主语是单数主语是单数第三人称时，它与助动第三人称时，它与助动词词does有有关关，谓语，谓语动词一动词一定要恢复为原形定要恢复为原形。当主语是其他人。当主语是其他人称时，它与助动称时，它与助动词词do有有关。关。I like English.She likes it very muc

4、h.We go to work by bike.I dont like English.She doesnt like it very much.We dont go to work by bike.否定句否定句概念：用概念：用 yes 或或 no 来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。一般疑问句句首的第一个词一般读得比较重。一般疑问句句首的第一个词一般读得比较重。III一般疑问句一般疑问句I am a teacher. Are you a teacher?You are a worker. Are you a worker?He is a student. Is he

5、a student?We are friends. Are you friends?1.对于对于be 动词，疑问句要动词，疑问句要求把求把be 提前，提前，第一人称的单数和复数第一人称的单数和复数（I/we），要变），要变成第二人成第二人称称you。疑问句疑问句2.对于实义动词，疑问句要求是：当主语是对于实义动词，疑问句要求是：当主语是他他(he)，她，她(she)，它，它(it)或人名等或人名等第三人称单第三人称单数数时时，句子前，句子前面加面加does，并把动词恢复原形；并把动词恢复原形；当主语是其他人称时，句当主语是其他人称时，句前加前加do ，第一人，第一人称称(I/we)换第二人称换

6、第二人称(you)。I often go there.You like the music.He goes to work by bus .We /You/They like it.Do you often go there ?Do you like the music?Does he go to work by bus ?Do you/they like it?. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句在考试中涉及得比较多，主要以特殊疑问句在考试中涉及得比较多，主要以选选择择和和转换句型转换句型为主，首先要掌握为主，首先要掌握一些常用疑问一些常用疑问词的意思词的意思如：如：what（什么）（什么）,

7、when, what time（什么时间）（什么时间）, who（谁）（谁）, where（在哪里）（在哪里）, why（为什么）（为什么）, how（怎样）（怎样）, how many+可数可数名词的复数（多少），名词的复数（多少）， how long（多长时间）（多长时间）, how often（多久一次）（多久一次） 等，其次掌握它的等，其次掌握它的语序语序，即就是特殊疑问词即就是特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序（一般疑问句语序（Who）除）除外外一、疑问词一、疑问词+ 一般疑问句句序：一般疑问句句序： Where are you from? Im from the north. What d

8、o you want? I want the books on your desk.特殊疑问句的语序一般过去时态一般过去时态的定义的定义动词的一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作、情况或存在的状态。行为动词（即实义动词）的过去式一般没有人称和数的变化。一般过去时的时间状语：一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last year, just now, then, last week, last month, an hour ago, two days ago,in 1994等等.谓语动词的构成形式谓语动词的构成形式 一般过去时的谓语动词有be

9、动词 和行为动词两种基本形式 规则动词过去式的构成be动词和行为动词两种基本形式动词和行为动词两种基本形式 be动词（或系动词动词（或系动词be）的过去式为）的过去式为was和和were两个。两个。 行为动词的过去式，其变化分为规行为动词的过去式，其变化分为规则和不规则的两种。则和不规则的两种。规则动词过去式的构成规则动词过去式的构成 一般动词原形末尾加-ed。如：looklooked, staystayed ;以e结尾的动词只加-d。如：hopehoped, livelived; 末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed.如：stopstopped, pl

10、an(计划) planned; 规则动词过去式的构成规则动词过去式的构成 结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先将y改为i,再加-ed. 如：studystudied, carrycarried. ed(或-d)的读音：在清辅音结尾的词后读t.如：workworked w kt, help helped helpt; 在浊辅音和元音后读d。如：callcalledkld, play played pled; 在t和d音后面发d。如：wantwantedwntd，need needed ni:dd.一般过去时态常见的基本用法一般过去时态常见的基本用法 1.1.表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的表示在过

11、去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态状态 Liu Jie got up at 7: 10 this morning. He was a student three years ago. 一般过去时态常见的基本用法一般过去时态常见的基本用法 2表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。Zhang Yaru always went to school by bike last term.一般过去时态常见的基本用法一般过去时态常见的基本用法 3表示已故人所做的事情。表示已故人所做的事情。Comrade Lei Feng did good deeds all his life. (雷锋同志

12、做了一生的好雷锋同志做了一生的好事。事。)一般过去时态常见的基本用法一般过去时态常见的基本用法 4.表示过去所发生的一系列的动作，而这一表示过去所发生的一系列的动作，而这一系列的动作是从现在的角度来考系列的动作是从现在的角度来考虑的。虑的。 Miss Liu got up at seven oclock this morning, dressed, had breakfast, and went to work. Be was/wereDo did 一般过去时一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yeste

13、rday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 定义:表示现在正在进行的动作.结构:be (is, am, are) +doing常见时间状语:now, 或动词look, listeneg: We are having an English class now.否定句：We arent having .一般疑问句：Are you having ?定义:表示将要做的事或计划要做的事.结构:be(is ,am, are) going to do will/shal

14、l do (shall一般用于第一人称)时间状语:tomorrow morning (afternoon, evening),next day (week, month, year), the day after tomorrow, in 2015 .Eg: They are going to have a football match next week.1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.already, ever, yet, just, before, recently, these days, up to now, in the la

15、st few years等等.现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法(2个个)经常与下列词语连用经常与下列词语连用2. 表示过去发生的动作持续到了现在表示过去发生的动作持续到了现在, 可能继续发展下可能继续发展下去去,常与常与for或或since引导的时间状语连用引导的时间状语连用.e.g I have already had lunch. He has returned the book.e.g. I have learned English for nine years.I have learned English since nine years ago.总结总结:非延续性动词在完成时的非延续

16、性动词在完成时的肯定句中不可与含肯定句中不可与含for, since, how long等引导的时间状语连等引导的时间状语连用用, 要用别的词替换要用别的词替换.come/arrive buy borrow die leave begin/start join bekeepbe deadbe away frombe onbe in/be a memberhave1.Mr. Black left China in 1990. Mr. Black _China since 1990.2.The hero died five years ago. The hero _ for five years.

17、3.The meeting began two minutes ago. The meeting _ for two minutes.4.We borrowed two books last week. We _ the two books for a week.5. Sally joined the League two years ago. Sally _ the League for two years. 句型转换句型转换: (改为意思相同的句子改为意思相同的句子)has been away from has been deadhas been onhave kepthas been i

18、n总结总结:have/has been to表示表示“到到(去去)过过某地某地”,人已经回来人已经回来. have/has gone to 表示表示“到某地去了到某地去了”,人正在某地或在人正在某地或在去某地的途中去某地的途中have/has been in 表示表示 “在某地呆多久在某地呆多久”, 常和表示一段时常和表示一段时间的状语连用间的状语连用.3. for 与与since接时间状语时的区别接时间状语时的区别 1. A: What a nice dog! How long have you had it? B: _ two years. A. For B. Since C. In D.

19、 From 2. Miss Gao has taught in this school _ 1996. A. for B. at C. in D. since For后接时间段后接时间段, since后接时间点或从句后接时间点或从句. 如如: for two years; for six hours; for three days; for five minutes; since three days ago; since 1997; since three days ago; since I came to Beijing 等等. 总结总结:1. George _ French for te

20、n years. A. had learned B. has learned C. will be learning D. learns2. Jack has studied Chinese in the school _ the year 2002. A. in B. since C. on D. byBB4. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时的区别一般过去时的时间状语：一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last year, just now, then, last week, last month, an ho

21、ur ago, two days ago,in 1994等等.过去完成时经常与哪些时间状语连用过去完成时经常与哪些时间状语连用?与现在完成时连用表示时间的词语：already, ever, yet, just, before, recently, these days, up to now, in the last few years等等.for+时间段时间段since+时间点时间点总结总结:现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果现在造成的影响或结果, 而一般过去而一般过去时表示单纯的过去的事实或状态时表示单纯的过去的事实或状态.另另外外, 两种时态的

22、时间状语不一样两种时态的时间状语不一样, 一一般过去时常与具体的过去时间连用般过去时常与具体的过去时间连用, 现在完成时不能现在完成时不能.Practice1.He _(read) English every day.2.We _(go)to school at seven in the morning. 3.Mike_(go)to school at seven in the morning.4.My mother_(like) _(go) shopping. 5.I can _(draw) many beautiful pictures.6.Does he_(like)_(jump) ?

23、7.The students_(speak) English in class. 8.The student_(speak) Chinese after class. 9. He_ like swimming . ( not ) 10.I play football every day. 否定句否定句: 一般疑问句一般疑问句11.She lives in New York. 否定句否定句:一般疑问句一般疑问句12.Tom does his homework at home. 否定句否定句: 一般疑问句一般疑问句: 划线提问划线提问13.Im Lucy.否定句否定句: 一般疑问句一般疑问句Pra

24、ctice用所给动词的适当形式填空用所给动词的适当形式填空1. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.2. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)3. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?4. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.5. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Frid

25、ay 6. We all _ (have) a good time last night.7. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read)8. They _ (make) a kite a week ago.9. She _ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _ (do) Chinese dances.10. The students often _ (draw) some pictures in the art room. 11. It _ (be) the 2nd of November y

26、esterday. Mr White _ (go) to his office by car.12. Dont _ the house. Mum _ it yesterday. (clean)13. What _ you _ just now? I _ some housework. (do)句型变换,将下面句子变为否定句和一般疑问句1 There was a car in front of the house just now.2 They played football in the playground this afternoon.3.He did his homework yeste

27、rday. Practice用所给的动词的正确形式填空：用所给的动词的正确形式填空： 1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(d

28、ance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing?She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now. 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is.句型转换：句型转换：.(将下列句子分别改为否定句和一般疑问句) 1. They are doing housework.2. Im playing the football in the playground.Practice动词填空动词填空1. I _（be）tire

29、d. I _（go）to bed early tonight.2. Marys birthday is next Monday, her mother _（give）her a present.3. It is very cold these days. It _（snow）soon.4. -_ you _（be）here this Saturday? -No. I _（visit）my teacher.5. I am afraid there _（be）a meeting this afternoon. I cant join you.6. Most of us dont think the

30、ir team _（win）.7. I _（leave）in a minute. I （leave）.8.It will rain tomorrow,so we _（no go）to the mountains.选 择. 1.We _ the work this way next time. A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing2. There _ a birthday party this Sunday. A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be3. _

31、 you _ free next Sunday? A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be4. It _ us a long time to learn English well. A. takes B. will take C. spends D. will spendPractice一、单项选择1、Both his parents look sad .Maybethey _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Sh

32、anghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year. is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、-Our country _ a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed

33、; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see

34、 . have seen . saw .see9、-These farmers have been to the United States . -Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone10、-_ you _ your homework yet ? -Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do

35、 ; finish11、-Do you know him well ? - Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made12、-How long have you _ here ? -About two months . been . gone . come . arrived13、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on. Began14、 Miss Gre

36、en isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been二、句型转换1、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory _ for twenty years.2、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago. 3、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ .4、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)