2022年考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析1.docx

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1、2022年考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析1Test1Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinroboticsthescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversiono

2、fsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpo

3、litenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracyfargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachieve

4、withtheirhandsalone.Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselvesgoalsthatposearealchallenge.Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,wecan'

5、;tyetgivearobotenoughcommonsense’toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear20

6、10,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain'sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalentedandhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicatedthanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamac

7、hinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarth

8、can'tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon'tknowquitehowwedoit.1HumaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedinAtheuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction.Bthewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry.Ctheinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork.Dtheelite'scunningtacklingofdanger

9、ousandboringwork.查看原文2Thewordgizmos(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeansAprograms.Bexperts.Cdevices.Dcreatures.查看原文3Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman'sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcanAfulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery.Binteractwithhumanbeingsverbally.Chavealittlecommonsense.Drespond

10、independentlytoachangingworld.查看原文4Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalsoAmakeafewdecisionsforthemselves.Bdealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention.Cimprovefactoryenvironments.Dcultivatehumancreativity.查看原文5TheauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsareAexpectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructu

11、re.Babletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately.Cfarlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation.Dbestusedinacontrolledenvironment.查看原文Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseMicrosoftInternetExplorer4WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethatImightbecomeapartofanewinternationaltrend.Alat

12、eralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentminister,IcoveredmyexitbyclaimingIwantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily.Curiously,sometwo-and-a-halfyearsandtwonovelslater,myexperimentinwhattheAmericanstermdo

13、wnshiftinghasturnedmytiredexcuseintoanabsolutereality.Ihavebeentransformedfromapassionateadvocateofthephilosophyofhaveitall,preachedbyLindaKelseyforthepastsevenyearsinthepagesofShemagazine,intoawomanwhoishappytosettleforabitofeverything.Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresig

14、nationfromtheeditorshipofSheafterabuild-upofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineofjugglingyourlife,andmakingthealternativemoveintodownshiftingbringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.NothingcouldpersuademetoreturntothekindoflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12-hourworkingda

15、ys,pressureddeadlines,thefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparentonqualitytime.InAmerica,themoveawayfromjugglingtoasimpler,lessmaterialisticlifestyleisawell-establishedtrend.DownshiftingalsoknowninAmericaasvoluntarysimplicityhas,ironically,evenbredanewareaofwhatmightbetermedanti-

16、consumerism.Thereareanumberofbest-sellingdownshiftingself-helpbooksforpeoplewhowanttosimplifytheirlives;therearenewsletters,suchasTheTightwadGazette,thatgivehundredsofthousandsofAmericansusefultipsonanythingfromrecyclingtheircling-filmtomakingtheirownsoap;thereareevensupportgroupsforthosewhowanttoac

17、hievethemid-'90sequivalentofdroppingout.WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdeclineafterthemassredundanciescausedbydownsizinginthelate’80sandisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthemiddle-classdownshiftersofmyacquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsforseekin

18、gtosimplifyourlives.Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe'80s,downshiftinginthemid-'90sisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlifegrowingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintooneasapersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations.6Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseMicrosoftInterne

19、tExplorer4Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoparagraph1?AFull-timeemploymentisanewinternationaltrend.BThewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveherjob.CAlateralmovemeanssteppingoutoffull-timeemployment.DThewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherfamily.查看原文7Thewriter'sexperimentshowsthatdow

20、nshifting_.AenableshertorealizeherdreamBhelpshermoldanewphilosophyoflifeCpromptshertoabandonherhighsocialstatusDleadshertoacceptthedoctrineofShemagazine查看原文8Jugglingone'slifeprobablymeanslivingalifecharacterizedby_.Anon-materialisticlifestyleBabitofeverythingCextremestressDanti-consumerism查看原文9Accordingtothepassage,downshiftingemergedintheU.S.asaresultof_.AthequickpaceofmodernlifeBman'sadventurousspiritCman'ssearchformythicalexperiencesDtheeconomicsituation查看原文第8页 共8页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页