VOA常速英语- 大气污染影响食品安全.docx

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1、VOA常速英语: 大气污染影响食品安全 1Anewreportsaystherewerebothadvancesandsetbacksinfoodsecurityin2014.Povertywasreducedlastyearandthenumberofhungrypeopledeclined.However,conflict,climatechangeanddiseasedisruptedfoodandtrade.TheInternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitutehasreleaseditsGlobalFoodPolicyReport.IFPRIDirec

2、tor-GeneralShenggenFanlistedsomeoftheaccomplishmentsoflastyear.Wehaveachievedsomeprogress.Forexample,wepaidmoreattentiontonutrition.Wealsothinkwater,hygieneareveryimportantinsolvingchildren’sunder.Wehavealsoseennewcommitmentsontradeandclimatechange–andafocusonfamilyfarming.Theyear2014was

3、ayearoffamilyfarming.Sowemadeenoughprogressonvariousfronts.ButFansaid2014haditsshareofthreatstofoodsecurity.Forexample,hesaid,persistentconflicts,ofzoonoticdiseases–avianinfluenza,Ebola–andcontinuedextremeweathershocks–typhooninthePhilippines–risingfoodsafetyscandals–Ta

4、iwan,mainlandChinaandbeyond.Therewasalsothehigherpricesofnutritiousfoods,suchasvegetablesandfruits,despiteverystablegrainpricesforthelastfourorfiveyears.Syriatoppedthelistofconflictsin2014withitsregionalimpact.SomaliaandSouthSudanareotherexamplesofhowconflictthreatensfoodformillionsofpeople.Wehavese

5、entheincreasedcorrelationbetweenconflictsandincreasedmalnutritioninmanypartsoftheworld.Intherestoftheworld,wehaveachievedtremendousprogressincuttinghungerandmalnutrition,althoughthenumberisstillveryhigh.Butitisinsomeoftheconflictzonesthatmalnutritionisactuallyrising,hesaid.Fansaidclimatechangehaslon

6、g-termonfoodsecurity.Hesaystherearestillsomeskeptics,despitetheoverwhelmingnumberofstudiesconfirmingitseffects.Increasedfloods,cyclones,droughtsdefinitelyshouldchangetheirmind.Andextremeweathereventswillhappenmorefrequentandmoreextreme.Thatwillaffecttheabilityofhumanbeingsinproducingmorefoodandmoren

7、utritiousfood.TheGlobalFoodPolicyReportsaidconditionsforthousandsofpeoplefleeingviolenceinnorthernNigeria,CentralAfricanRepublicandMaliweremadeworsebylowrainfallanddrought.Itsaidthatalackofrainthreatenedthefoodandnutritionsecurityandlivelihoodsofbothhostingandrefugees.Thereportaddedtheoccurrenceofbo

8、thweathershocksandconflictsmaynotbecoincidentalandsaidthatabnormallyhightemperaturesinSudanandSouthSudanstronglyraisetheriskofconflict.TheIFPRIDirector-GeneralsaidlessonsaboutfoodsecuritywerelearnedduringtheEbolacrisis.Thefirstlessonwelearnisourglobalfoodsystemisveryvulnerabletodiseases.Ebolahasahug

9、eimpactonpeople’saccesstonutritiousfood.Theproductionwas.Themarketwasdisrupted.Thetradedoesnotcome.Forexample,someofthericeexportingcountrieswereveryreluctanttosendtheirgrainstotheEbolaaffectedcountries,hesaid.TheInternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitutealsosaidmiddleincomecountriesplayapivotal

10、roleineliminatinghungerandmalnutrition.ItsaidwhileBrazil,China,India,IndonesiaandMexicomayberisingeconomicpowerhouses,middleincomecountriesarehometomorethan360millionhungrypeople.Fansaid,Theyarefacingatripleburdenof.Hunger–50percentoftheworld’shungrypeopleliveinthesecountries.Then,lackof

11、micronutrients–VitaminA,zinc,iron,andalsoincreasedobesityandoverweight.So,theyarefacingtripleburdensandthesecondburden,thirdburdenarisingveryquickly.TheIFPRIreportcalledongovernmentsofmiddleincomecountriestoreshapetheirfoodsystemstofocusonnutritionandhealth,closingthegendergapinagricultureandi

12、mprovingrural.FansaidthereportwillbeusedtothewritingoftheSustainableDevelopmentGoals.They’llsoonsucceedtheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals.Therecouldbeasmanyas17SDGscomparedtoeightfortheMDGs,andtheycouldcontainnearly170targetareas.第4页 共4页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页第 4 页 共 4 页