专业英语四级语法与词汇精讲精练（7）.docx

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1、专业英语四级语法与词汇精讲精练（7）在专业英语四级考试中，词汇语法这一题目主要考察考生对专业四级词汇的积累和常用语法知识的应用；为此，我们网站将常考语法知识点和高频词汇分类整理出来；同时附有大量的习题演练及其答案详解希望可以帮助大家加深记忆和理解；语法知识点简单来讲分词起形容词和副词的作用，在句中做定语或状语。在概念上应清楚：现在分词表示主动，表示动作在进行。过去分词起形容词和副词的作用，在句中做定语或状语。在概念上应清楚：现在分词表示主动，表示动作在进行。过去分词表示被动，表示动作结束了的状态或结果。分词做定语，弄清现在分词与过去分词的区别分词短语做定语相当于省略了的定语从句，考生应掌握：(

2、1)现在分词与被修饰词之间具有主动意义。如：It’seasytoblamethedeclineofconversationonthepaceofmodernlifeandonthevaguechangestakingplaceinourever-increasingworld.(相当于thechangeswhichtakeplace.)Therewasaveryinteresting(相当于whichgave.)Howmanyofusattending,say,ameetingthatisirrelevanttouswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?

3、(相当于Howmanyofuswhowillattend.)(2)过去分词与被修饰词之间具有被动意义。如：Goodnewswassometimesreleasedprematurely,withtheBritishrecaptureoftheportannouncedhalfadaybeforethedefendersactuallysurrendered.(相当于recaptureoftheportwhichhadbeenannounced)Justasthevalueofatelephonenetworkincreaseswitheachnewphoneaddedtothesystem,s

4、odoesthevalueofacomputersystemincreasewitheachprogramthatturnsout.(相当于eachnewphonewhichisaddedto)Theauthorgaveadetaileddescriptionbasedonhispersonalobservationofnature.(相当于descriptionwhichwasbasedon)(3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语，但不具有被动意义：deceased,departed,elapsed,faded,fallen,gone,grown-up,retired,return

5、ed,risen,set,vanished,much-travelled,newlyarrived,recentlycome。如：anescapedprisoner一个逃犯aretiredworker一位退休工人afadedcurtain一个褪了色的窗帘anewlyarrivedstudent一个新来的学生分词做状语，注意区分分词的一般式与完成式(1)表示时间，多置于句首，注意如果分词表示的动作的时间先于谓语动词，要用完成式。如：Havingcompletedonetask,westartedonanotherone.(complete先于start之前发生)(2)表示原因，置于句首句尾均可，

6、根据情况有时要用完成式，有时用一般式。如：Hewasn’taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,beingconsideredinsufficientlypopularwithallmembers.Thereseemedlittlehopethattheexplorer,havingbeendesertedinthetropicalforest,wouldfindhiswaythroughit.(3)表示伴随、方式，置于句尾，用分词的一般式。如：Helenborrowedmydictionarytheotherdaysayingthats

7、hewouldreturnitsoon.Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completelylosttotheoutsideworld.(4)表示结果，置于句尾，用分词的一般式。如：Thecityfounditselfinacrisissituationlastsummerwhentheairconditioningondozensofthenewbusesbrokedown,themunusable.(5)表示补充说明(同位)，置于句尾，用分词的一般式。如：Thearticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwone

8、wsreports,eachmakingonemajorpointincontrastwiththeother.Fordtrieddividingthelabor,eachworkerassignedaseparatetask.高频词汇1.inthebackof在.后面支持,主使a)ActorHughGrantwascaughtwithhispantsdownwhenhewashavingsexwithaprostituteinthebackofhiscar.2.onthebackof在后部(外面);a)Aguyisreadinghispaperwhenhiswifewalksupbehind

9、himandsmackshimonthebackoftheheadwithafryingpan.3.beonone’sback(=beillinbed)卧床a)Helayonhisback,withhishandscrossedunderhishead.他仰面躺着,头枕着手。4.atone’sback(=supportingorfavoringsb)支持a)Don’ttalkaboutother’sathisback.b)A:Tomshouldlearntolookafterhimself.c)B:Yeah,hecan’talways

10、haveusathisback.5.havesbatone’sback有支持,有作后台6.behindone’sback背着某人(说坏话)a)Don'tspeakevilofamanbehindhisbackb)不要在背后说人坏话。7.turnone’sbackonsb(=closeone’seyetosb)不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃a)Iftheworldturnsitsbackonyou,youturnyourbackontheworld.8.bebasedon/upon基于a)Thisnewsreportisbasedentirel

11、yonfact.b)这篇新闻报导是完全根据实际情况写成的。9.onthebasisof根据,在基础上a)Onthebasisoftheaboveresults,wemayestablishattractorviewpointofprocessofthelong-rangeatmosphereandclimate.10.beginwith以开始a)Knowledgebeginwithpractice.认识从实践开始。1Itwasrequestedthatalloftheequipment_intheagreedtime.A.erectedB.wouldbeerectedC.beerectedD.

12、willbeerected2Themansittingoppositemesmileddreamily,asif_somethingpleasantinthepast.A.torememberB.rememberedC.havingbeenrememberedD.remembering3I_himtheChristmasgiftbymailbecausehecamehomeduringtheChristmasholidays.A.oughttohavesentB.couldn’thavesentC.musthavesentD.needn’thavesent4Itturn

13、edoutthatthechildrenwerenot_fortheaccident.A.toblameB.tobeblamedC.tobeblamingD.tohavebeenblamed5Thedesegregationwasachievedthroughanumberofstruggles,_beenmentionedinpreviouschapters.A.afewofwhichB.afewofthemC.afewofthoseD.afewofthat6Settingupacommitteemightbeaway_theprojectmoreefficiently.A.tobedoin

14、gB.doingC.todoD.beingdone7It_toseesomanychildreninthatmountainousareacannotevenaffordelementaryeducation.A.painsherB.makesherpainC.ispainingD.ispained8Ourboss,Mr.Thompson,_araiseinsalaryforages,butnothinghashappenedyet.A.waspromisingB.hasbeenpromisingC.promisedD.haspromised9Hewasdeterminedtosailarou

15、ndtheworld_hisillnessandoldage.A.givenB.althoughC.despiteD.inspite10Theboarddeemedit’surgentthattheseinvitations_firstthingtomorrowmorning.A.hadtobeputinthemailB.mustbeputinthemailC.beputinthemailD.shouldhavebeenputinthemail11_drillsthathavenorealtopichavetoremainastheyare.A.ManufactureB.Manip

16、ulativeC.ManipulateD.Manifest12ThisbookhasbeenintheworkssolongthatIhavelost_ofmostofthesourcesfoundformebythestaffofthelibrary.A.traceB.trailC.trackD.touch13Theelbowsonyourcoathavewornthin,soImust_them.A.mendB.patchC.repairD.pitch14_andwageincreaseshavenotkeptinstep.A.ProductionB.ProductC.ProduceD.P

17、roductivity15Peopleunderstresshaveperformed_featsofstrength,likeliftinganautomobileoffanaccidentvictim.A.specificB.extraordinaryC.abruptD.abnormal16Modernappliances_usfromagooddealofhouseholdwork.Forinstance,thedryerfreesusfromhangingthelaundry.A.escapeB.benefitC.liberateD.comfort17Theaudiencewaited

18、in_silencewhiletheiragedspeakersearchedamonghisnoteforthefigureshecouldnotremember.A.respectiveB.respectC.respectfulD.respectable18Thedisappearanceofherpaperhasneverbeen_.A.countedforB.lookedupC.accountedforD.checkedup19Whenhewasaskedaboutthemissingbriefcase,theman_everseeingit.A.refusedB.deniedC.op

19、posedD.resisted20Communicationbetweenayoungcoupleisa(n)_business.A.sharpB.dreadfulC.intenseD.delicate21Aftersomanyweekswithoutrain,thegroundquickly_thelittlerainthatfelllastnight.A.skippedB.soakedC.retrievedD.absorbed22We’ll_youassoonaswehaveanyfurtherinformation.A.notifyB.signifyC.communicate

20、D.impart23Thefoxfellintothe_thehuntershadsetforit.A.bushB.trapC.trickD.circle24Idon’tknowyouwanttokeeptheletter.I’ve_itup.A.tornB.givenC.brokenD.disposed25Theoldlady_andfellfromthetopofthestairstothebottom.A.slidedB.slippedC.splitD.spilled第11页 共11页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页第 11 页 共 11 页