阅读答题技巧--微讲座.ppt

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1、英语阅读解题技巧 先读首段或每段第一句，再读题干，找答案； 先读前两个题题干，开始找答案阅读方法 动词性阅读； 主干阅读法；高考阅读理解有哪些题型？高考阅读理解有哪些题型？主旨题主旨题细节题细节题猜词题猜词题推断题推断题作者观点作者观点七选五七选五结构题结构题2022-6-9理解主旨和要义主题（subject），主题思想（main idea），题目（title）目的（purpose）1.The main idea( central thought ) of the passage is 2.What is the authors main point?3.Which of the follow

2、ing sentences best expresses the main idea?4.The topic sentence of this passage is 5.What the passage tells us would be summarized by the sentence6.The best summary of the passage is that7.The main purpose of the passage is 8.What is the authors main purpose in the passage?9.The primary objective of

3、 the passage is10.The title of this passage would be11.The title that best expresses the main idea of the passage?12.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?13.The (main) subject of the passage is14.Which of the following best the theme of the passage?15.What topic is treated in thi

4、s passage?16.The passage states (illustrates, discusses, deals with, is concerned about, describes)2022-6-9常见主旨题问法：难点难点干扰项：干扰项：1. 以偏概全以偏概全2. 张冠李戴张冠李戴3. 无中生有无中生有学生：淹没在众多细节中（身在庐山）学生：淹没在众多细节中（身在庐山）找准位置，有的放矢找准位置，有的放矢1.文首或段首文首或段首80%2.文尾或段尾文尾或段尾10%3.文章或段落首尾文章或段落首尾4.文章或段落中间文章或段落中间2011. D篇：首段 70. Which is t

5、he best title for the passage? A. How the Railways Have Affected the West B. How Solar Energy Could Reshape the West C. How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be Reduced D. How the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centurie

6、s, a new electrical generating(发电)and transmission (输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surround

7、ing community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.2022-6-9理解文中具体信息获取事实性信息（获取事实性信息（细节题）问题形式问题形式According to the passage, who/ what/when/where/ why/how/how many/how much?难点难点定位定位难难干扰干扰项项理解理解难难先定位（找到题眼）先定位（找到题眼）专有名词关键词同义词段落定位定位到一句话

8、或一个段落；定位到一句话或一个段落；细节题考核细节题考核skimming, scanning精读题眼，理解长难句精读题眼，理解长难句 5种基本的句型；种基本的句型； 词性（如：名词，名词性词组，名词性从词性（如：名词，名词性词组，名词性从句）；句）； 学会替换无关细节，显露核心成分（学会替换无关细节，显露核心成分（sb. 代代人名，机构名；人名，机构名；sw. 代地名；隐去形容词代地名；隐去形容词或副词性成分。名词换成或副词性成分。名词换成Sth.; 动词换成动词换成do, 形容词换成形容词换成“的的”，删除副词。），删除副词。）162009年C篇 In 2007, Joan Meyers-L

9、evy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a rooms ceiling affects how people to think. Her research indicates that the higher ceilings encourage people think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more

10、detailed outlook. In 2007, sb. reported that the height of a rooms ceiling affects how people think. Her research indicates that the higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detai

11、led outlook. In 2007, sb. reported that the height of a rooms ceiling affects how people think. the higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely; Low ceilings may inspire a more detailed outlook.干扰项：干扰项：1、貌合神离：给出与原文中一模一、貌合神离：给出与原文中一模一样的字眼来迷惑考生样的字眼来迷惑考生2、主观臆断：凭着自己对某类知识、主观臆断：凭着自己对某类知识的主观了解做出凭

12、空想象的判断。的主观了解做出凭空想象的判断。2022-6-9根据上下文推断生词的词义 正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的 基础，不懂单词含义根 本就谈不上理解文章。但英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真真初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。此外，阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是一个合格的读者所必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读测试中经常检测的一种能力。19 猜词猜词 构词法（派生，

13、合成，转化）构词法（派生，合成，转化）利用上下文推断词义利用上下文推断词义加减前后缀，解词于拆合过程中语境：语境： 同义词、近义词、反义词同义词、近义词、反义词 定义、解释或举例定义、解释或举例 因果关系因果关系 标点符号标点符号 经验和常识经验和常识 指代关系指代关系 因果关系因果关系 提示词：提示词：because, as，since，for，so，thus，until, as a result，therefore，so-that 如：如：Since you are my superior（上级）（上级）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell yo

14、u what to do . Afull of respect Btoo confident and rude Clacking in experience Dtoo shy and quiet 标点符号（冒号；破折号；括标点符号（冒号；破折号；括号号 ） 分析：分析：You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. A. dictionaries B. story-books C. magazines D.

15、newspapers 指代关系（人称代词、指示代词、指代关系（人称代词、指示代词、关系代词、关系副词）关系代词、关系副词） 常见的划线部分：常见的划线部分：it, its, their, them, this, that, they, which, these, those, one, ones 首先返回原文定位该指代词，并且首先返回原文定位该指代词，并且向上（向上（90%）或向下（）或向下（10%）搜索）搜索其指代的词、词组或句子。其指代的词、词组或句子。2022-6-9作出判断和推理 阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息， 即作者所要传达的信息。在实际的阅读活动中，有时需要根据文章提供的事实和线索

16、，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性等。推断隐含意义推断隐含意义 常见的问题形式常见的问题形式1、From the text we know that _.2、It can be inferred / concluded that _. 推理判断题推理判断题常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude(conclusion)，learn，intend，mean，know, show, purpose, attitude, tone(语气), why等词提问。提问中含有表示推测的情态动词，如can，could，may, might，would等和其他表示可能性的

17、词汇，如seem, probably，most likely等。2022-6-9常见问题形式有常见问题形式有1) According to the author, the word “” means _.2) The word “” most likely means _.3) The word “” in Line .probably means4) By the word “”, the author means_.5) In Line . , the word “” refers to _.6) Which of the following is nearest /closest in

18、meaning to “” ?7) In Line , the word “” could best be replaced by which of the following? 推断隐含意义推断隐含意义 关键词文段信息语境褒贬性逻辑常识 注意：结论不能在原文中复现注意：结论不能在原文中复现 ！2022-6-9理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是将授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。理解作者意图、观点和态度理解作者意图、观点和

19、态度 1、作者态度分类：、作者态度分类： 支持、赞同、乐观 客观、中立 反对、批评、怀疑、悲观 2、识别方法：、识别方法： 找文中带有感情色彩的名词、动词、形容词、副词或转折连词 3、设题形式：、设题形式： 1. The author writes this passage to _. 2.The author in this passage intends to _. 3. What does the author mainly want to say? 4. Whats the authors attitude towards_.2022-6-9理解文章的基本结构 英 语文章讲究使用主题段

20、和主题句。主题段通常在文章开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，主题句可能在一段的开头，也可能在中间或末尾，作用是交代该段的中心思想，再由全段展开或讨论这个意思。各个段落通常由某些起来接作用的词语连接，以使文章行文连贯。如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。结构题 Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?Wilderness“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a fam

21、ous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved. As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong

22、 appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also

23、 perform functions that humans needthe rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr.Sauven, these ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provi

24、de useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for s

25、urvival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Bein

26、g untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a l

27、ittle more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deser

28、ves much more serious thinking.A. B. C. D. CP: Central PointP: PointSp: Sub-point(次要点)C: Conclusion议论文的基本结构议论文的基本结构 (Argumentation)Topic(Opinion)Arguments(Supporting sentences)factsexamplestheoryconclusion论点论点论据论据结论结论记叙文的基本结构记叙文的基本结构：（Narrative writings)Story presentationTime cluesInverted time cluesEnding(surprising/humourous way(account)夹叙夹议文的基本结构夹叙夹议文的基本结构：Story presentationconclusionopinionadvicesignificance