2014年高考英语一轮复习语法专题课件11：非谓语动词用法与考点预测.ppt

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1、11谓语动词用法与考点预测一、非谓语动词用法 、非谓语动词的种类：、非谓语动词的种类：不定式（不定式（to do）、）、 动名词（动名词（ doing）、）、现在分词（现在分词（doing）、）、 过去分词（过去分词（V-ed）、非谓语动词的功能：、非谓语动词的功能：1.不定式相当于名词、形容词或副词的功能。不定式相当于名词、形容词或副词的功能。2.动名词相当于名词或形容词的功能。动名词相当于名词或形容词的功能。3.现在分词相当于形容词或副词的功能。现在分词相当于形容词或副词的功能。4.过去分词相当于形容词或副词的功能。过去分词相当于形容词或副词的功能。、非谓语动词在句中所作的成分、非谓语动词

2、在句中所作的成分、非谓语动词用做定语、非谓语动词用做定语1.Please give him something . A.eaten B. eating C. to eat D. to be eaten2.I need a pen . A. written B. to write C. to write with D. writing with3.The room the sea is my grandpas A. faced B. facing C.to face D.faces4. The woman the clothes over there is my aunt. A. washed

3、B. being washed C. To wash D. washingCCBD5.The bridge, in 1950,broke down in the flood. A.built B.had built C. building D. to be built6.Things are mighter(强大的)than things . A. seen; hearing B.seeing;heard C. to see; to hear D.seen;heardTranslate the following sentences:1.将要到站的火车是从伦敦来的。2.今天晚上我还有一些家务要

4、做。3.没有什么值得担心的。ADThe train to arrive is from London.I have some housework to do tonight.There is nothing to worry about.4.通向我家乡的那条路非常的窄。5.在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的同桌。6.昨晚被警察抓住的那个小偷被投进了监狱。The road leading to my hometown is very narrow.The boy playing football on the playground is my deskmate. The thief caught b

5、y the police last night was put into prison.Compare the phrases or sentences below：1. The rising sun The risen sun2. The man invited to the party is my boss. The man inviting many guests is my boss3. Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office. Do you want to see the docto

6、r to be sent for from Beijing4.Im going to buy some picture-books for the children to read I have some clothes to wash . I have some clothes to be washed. 5.He rushed into the burning house. The child standing over there is my brother.6.The problem being discussed now has something important todo wi

7、th our daily life. The problem discussed yesterday has something important to do with our daily life. Premier Zhou is a leader loved by the people.Summarize the usages of nonfinite verbs:1.位置关系：位置关系：1）.动词不定式做定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。动词不定式做定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。2）.分词做定语有时放在被修饰词后，有时可以放在其前面分词做定语有时放在被修饰词后，有时可以放在其前面2. 与被修饰

8、词的关系：与被修饰词的关系：1）不定式与被修饰词可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。）不定式与被修饰词可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。2）V-ing 与被修饰词是主动关系与被修饰词是主动关系3）过去分词与被修饰词是被动关系过去分词与被修饰词是被动关系3.动作发生的时间关系：动作发生的时间关系：1）不定式可以表示发生在主句谓语动词动作之后的动作。）不定式可以表示发生在主句谓语动词动作之后的动作。2）现在分词可以表示与谓语动词动作同时发生或正在发生的动作。）现在分词可以表示与谓语动词动作同时发生或正在发生的动作。3）过去分词可以表示在谓语动词动作之前的动作或永久性的动作。）过去分词可以表示在谓语动

9、词动作之前的动作或永久性的动作。Do some excises below:1.She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role in making the earth a better place to live. A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing2.Where should I send my form? - The personal office is the place . A.for sending it

10、B. to send it to C. to send D. to send it3.There was a noise the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followedBBBTranslate some sentences:1.由于赢得了奖学金，马丁.路德金取得了一次上大学的机会2.参观里约热内卢的最好时间是在六月和七月。3.在那边弹钢琴的那个人是我们的音乐老师。Winning a scholarship, Martin Lurther King got a chan

11、ce to go to college.The best time to visit Rio de Janeiro is in June and JulyThe man playing the piano there is our music teacher. =The man who is playing the piano there is our music teacher、非谓语动词用做状语：、非谓语动词用做状语：1.He woke up only to find himself lying on a bed in a hospital.2.为了在期末考试里取得好成绩，你必须努力学习。

12、3.There is something for everyone here and few visitors leave Rio feeling dispointed4. Given more attention, the trees would grow better.5.做完他的家庭作业，他去打篮球了。6.Not having received his reply, he decided to write againCompare the following sentences:1.We are glad to hear the news.2.His family was too poo

13、r to support him.3.They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.4.They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.5.Seeing from the top of the hill,you can find the city more beautiful.6.Seen from the top of the hil ,the city is more beautiful.7.Weather permitting, we will go out for a picnic

14、 tomorrow.8.Time permitting, we will go there.Summarize the usages of nonfinite verbs:1.动词不定式做状语，可以表示目的、 。其做结果 和原因状语时，常置于句子的 ；做目的状语时常置 于 ,也可以置于 。2.分词做状语常置于句首，可以用来表示 等。 如果状语所表示的动作和主句谓语动作有先后，应该采用完 成式。3.不定式和分词做状语都与主句的主语有逻辑上的主谓或动宾 关系。而独立主格结构则有自己的逻辑主语。4.分词或分词短语做状语可以与 相互转换。结果和原因后部句中原因、条件、伴随状语从句句首Complete

15、the excises below:1.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only the film stars had left. A. To tell B. to be told C. telling D. told2.Cant you read? Mary said to the notice A.angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. to point D.and angrily pointlyBATranslate the following sentences:1.为了减肥，她每天只吃一些

16、水果。2.因为病了，他没有来上学。3.不知道如何去做这事，我向我的老师寻求帮助。4.被父亲打了一顿，那个小男孩不敢出门。In order to lose weight, he just eats some fruits every day.Being ill, he didnt come to school.Not knowning how to to it, I asked for help from my teacher.Beaten by his father, the boy dared not go out. 解题方法总结解题方法总结 解答考查非谓语动词的题目时，一定要保持头脑冷静。

17、要遵循以下解题思路： 解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)； 找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)； 搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式； 将该选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺、或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。二、非谓语动词考点预测（一）非谓语动词考点分析非谓语动词的句法作用及高考热点非谓语动词的句法作用及高考热点1.1.考查动名词作某些及物动词宾语的固定搭配。考查动名词作某些及物动词宾语的固定搭配。 1. (2007 江苏卷)Can I smoke here? Sorry. We dont allow _ h

18、ere. A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking2. (2007 辽宁卷)You cant imagine what difficulty we had _home in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking真真题题再再现现知知识识链链接接常用能接动名词的动词：admit, appreciate, avoid, advise, cant help, celebrate, consider, complete, delay, deny, dislike

19、, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mention, mind, miss, pardon, permit, practice, prevent, resist, risk, stop, suggest, understand, allow等。 （二）考查动词不定式、动名词作宾语的用法。考查动词不定式、动名词作宾语的用法。2.2.考查动名词作短语动词和介词宾语的固定搭配。考查动名词作短语动词和介词宾语的固定搭配。 1. (2008江苏卷)They are quiet, arent they? Y

20、es. They are accustomed _ at meals. A. to talk B. to not talkC. to talking D. to not talking2. (2006重庆卷)Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers. A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking3. (2006江西/改错)Im looking forward to hear from you soon. 真真题题再再现现知知识识链链接接1. 常见的短语动词有：leave off, put off, gi

21、ve up, cant help, cant stand, feel like, insist on, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from), keepfrom, stop(from), protectfrom, set about, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in 等。 2. 下列短语中的to 为介词，后面只能接动名词或名词：look forward to, be familiar to, oweto, put ones mind to, turn to, get down to, attribu

22、teto, live up to, in relation to, admit to, be devoted to, owing to, thanks to, object to, be accustomed to等。 hearing3.3.考查不定式作某些及物动词宾语的固定搭配。考查不定式作某些及物动词宾语的固定搭配。1. (20052005天津卷) I dont want _like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the manager s plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D

23、. to have sounded2. (2006北京卷) I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop真真题题再再现现知知识识链链接接常见的能接不定式作宾语的及物动词有：afford, agree, ask, arrange, attempt, beg, begin, choose, claim, d

24、etermine, decide， dare, desire, demand, expect, fail, forget, hate, hope, manage, intend, learn, help，like, long, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, seek, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, seem, tend, threaten, volunteer, want, wish等。4.4.考查某些动名词和不定式作宾语意义的差别。考查某些动名词和不定式作宾语意义的差别。1. (2007 安徽卷)

25、Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice! A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking2. (2006湖南卷)If you think that treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things, think again. A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting真真题题再再现现知知识识链链接接接不定式或动名词意义有差别的

26、动词：接不定式或动名词意义有差别的动词：1.forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做); forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)2. remember to do sth.记着去做某事(未做); remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)3. stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事; stop doing sth.停止做正在做的某事4. regret to do sth.对尚未做的或正在做的事情表示遗憾; regret doing sth.对已做的事情表示后悔5. try to do sth努力去做某事; try doing sth.做某

27、事试一试6. mean to do sth. 打算、意欲做某事; mean doing sth.意味着做某事1. (2008上海卷) If theres a lot of work _, I am happy to just keep on until it is finished. A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing 2. (2007 全国卷I)The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 真题再现真题再现知识链接知识链接（

28、三）考查不定式（三）考查不定式, ,现在分词现在分词, ,过去分词作定语的用法。过去分词作定语的用法。1.1.考查不定式作定语的用法考查不定式作定语的用法 不定式作定语不定式作定语, ,不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生。当作进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生。当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式一般用被动定语的不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式一般用被动语态，但语态，但to blameto blame的主动形式表示

29、被动意义。的主动形式表示被动意义。 2.2.考查现在分词作定语的用法考查现在分词作定语的用法1.1.(2006上海春) There are hundreds of visitor _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait2. (2006辽宁卷)I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _Chinese in the school, most _were fr

30、om Germany. A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom真题再现真题再现知识链接知识链接 现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作或与谓语动词所表示现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。被修饰的名词就是该现在分词的逻辑主语，的动作同时发生。被修饰的名词就是该现在分词的逻辑主语，逻辑主语是现在分词表示的动作的执行者。单个现在分词作定逻辑主语是现在分词表示的动作的执行者。单个现在分词作定语前置，现在分词短语作定语后置。语前置，现在分词短语作定语后置。3.3.

31、考查过去分词作定语的用法考查过去分词作定语的用法真题再现真题再现知识链接知识链接 过去分词作定语，表示完成或被动的动作,与被修饰名词为被动关系。被修饰名词是动词的宾语。过去分词做定语相当于一个含被动语态的定语从句。单个词放在所修饰词前，短语放在所修饰词后。 1. (2008上海卷) Throughout history, the language _ by a powerful group spreads across a civilization A. speaking B. spoken C. to speak D. to be spoken2. (2008浙江卷)It is one of

32、 the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this year. A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found3. (2007 上海卷)The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed（四）考查不定式（四）考查不定式, ,现在分词现在分词, ,过

33、去分词作宾补的用法。过去分词作宾补的用法。1. 考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的常见搭配考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的常见搭配1. (2007北京卷) Excuse me sir,where is Room 301? Just a minute. Ill have Bob _you to your room. A.show B.shows C. to show D. showing2. (2008上海卷) Due to the heavy rain and flooding, ten million people have been forced _their homes. A. leaving B

34、. to leave C. to be left D. being left 真真题题再再现现知知识识链链接接1.需要不定式作宾语补足语的动词：需要不定式作宾语补足语的动词：ask, advise, allow, beg, believe, call on, cause, command, direct, feel, expect, enable, encourage, force, get, hate, intend, invite, lead，like, order, permit, persuade, prefer，request, remind, teach, tell, want,

35、warn, wish等。等。2. 要求省掉不定式的要求省掉不定式的to作宾补的动词：作宾补的动词：feel, have, hear, help, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, observe, see, watch等。等。2. 考查现在分词作宾语补足语的常见搭配考查现在分词作宾语补足语的常见搭配真真题题再再现现知知识识链链接接 以下动词可以接现在分词作宾补：以下动词可以接现在分词作宾补： see, hear, smell, feel, watch, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to, catch等

36、表等表示感觉的动词，现在分词的动作与谓语同时发生或正在进示感觉的动词，现在分词的动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行的动作。行的动作。have, keep, get, set, send, leave等表示等表示“致使致使”等意义的动词。等意义的动词。1. (2008上海卷) My sister, an inexpensive rider, was found sitting on the bicycle _ to balance it . A. having tried B. trying C. to try D. tried2. (2007 全国卷I) I smell something _ in

37、 the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt3. (2007 上海卷)After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ him. A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call3. 考查过去分词作宾语补足语的常见搭配考查过去分词作宾语补足语的常见搭配真真题题再再现现知知识识链链接接1. (2005天津卷)You should

38、understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained 2. (2007 福建卷) Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _in a short period. A.improved B.improving C.to improve D.improve过去分词作宾语补足语用于下列结构过去分词作宾语补足

39、语用于下列结构 ：1. keep/leave + 宾语宾语 + 过去分词过去分词(表状态的动词表状态的动词)。2. have/get +宾语宾语+过去分词过去分词: (A)让让/请请/叫某人做某事叫某人做某事; (B)遭遇到某种不遭遇到某种不幸。幸。(C)使某事完成。使某事完成。3. make + oneself +过去分词。常见的过去分词有：过去分词。常见的过去分词有：understood, known, heard，respected，noticed等。等。4.watch(notice, see, hear, listen to, feel, find) +宾语宾语+过去分词过去分词(强调

40、宾语强调宾语所处的状态所处的状态)5. want (wish, like, expect, order) +宾语宾语+过去分词。过去分词。（五）考查不定式（五）考查不定式, ,现在分词现在分词, ,过去分词作状语的用法。过去分词作状语的用法。1. 考查动词不定式作目的状语的常见结构考查动词不定式作目的状语的常见结构1. (2008北京卷北京卷)Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. A. to find B. find C. to finding D.

41、 finding2. (2007 上海春上海春) _the safety of gas, the government has checked the citys gas supply system thoroughly. ATo ensure BEnsuring CHaving ensured. DTo have ensured3. (2006广东卷广东卷)_ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making真真题题再再现现考点考点说明说

42、明只有不定式作目的状语，表示在谓语动词动作之后发生的动作。为了表示强调，不定式前加in order或so as.2. 考查不定式考查不定式, 分词作结果状语的常见结构分词作结果状语的常见结构真真题题再再现现考考点点说说明明1.1.不定式作结果状语的情况较少，主要出现在下列结构不定式作结果状语的情况较少，主要出现在下列结构中：中：(1)(1)tooto do结构结构; (2) .enough to do结构；结构；(3) only / just to do(不料却不料却)。近几年高考命题只考查。近几年高考命题只考查only/just to do结构结构, 且是高考热点。且是高考热点。2. 作结果

43、状语的大多是分词，常在句末作结果状语的大多是分词，常在句末, 用逗号隔开。用逗号隔开。1.(2006陕西卷陕西卷) He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 2. (2005山东卷山东卷)Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US $57. 65 a barrel on Apri

44、l 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching3. (20052005全国卷全国卷I I) The storm left , _a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused3. 考查分词作原因、条件状语的常见结构考查分词作原因、条件状语的常见结构1.(2008重庆卷重庆卷) _ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. A.

45、Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed2. (2006福建卷福建卷)._for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed 3. (2007 浙江卷浙江卷)_ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. A. Driven B. Being driven

46、 C. To drive D. Having driven 真真题题再再现现考考点点说说明明1. 1. 现在分词和过去分词都可作原因、条件状语。但现在现在分词和过去分词都可作原因、条件状语。但现在分词表将来或主动，过去分词表完成和被动。表示原因，分词表将来或主动，过去分词表完成和被动。表示原因，相当于相当于because, sincebecause, since和和 asas引导的原因状语从句。表示引导的原因状语从句。表示条件，相当于条件，相当于ifif条件状语从句。条件状语从句。2. 2. 现在分词有时态和语态的变化，过去分词只有一般式。现在分词有时态和语态的变化，过去分词只有一般式。 4.

47、 考查现在分词和过去分词作时间状语的基本用法考查现在分词和过去分词作时间状语的基本用法真真题题再再现现考考点点说说明明1.1.(2006浙江卷浙江卷)When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared2. (2008安徽卷安徽卷) _ in the fields on a March afternoo

48、n, he could feel the warmth of spring. A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked3. (2007 陕西卷）陕西卷）_that she didnt do a good job, I dont think I am abler than her. A. To have said B. Having said C. To say D. Saying 分词作时间状语，相当于分词作时间状语，相当于when, before, while, after, since引导的引导的时间状语从句。分词短语有时可由连词时

49、间状语从句。分词短语有时可由连词while或或when引出。引出。如果非谓如果非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系语动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系, ,则用现在分词。如果非谓语动词则用现在分词。如果非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系, ,则用过去分词。现在分词有时态和语态则用过去分词。现在分词有时态和语态的变化，而过去分词只有一般式。的变化，而过去分词只有一般式。 5. 考查现在分词和过去分词作方式或伴随状语的用法考查现在分词和过去分词作方式或伴随状语的用法真真题题再再现现考点考点说明说明 1. (2008辽宁卷辽宁卷)He was busy writing a story

50、, only _ once in a while to smoke a cigarette. A. to stop B. stopping C. to have stopped D. having stopped2. (20062006全国卷全国卷IIII) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought3. (20062006安徽卷安徽卷)My