简单句五种基本句型.ppt

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1、 英语句子成分英语句子的基本成分有七种：英语句子的基本成分有七种： 主语（主语（subject） 谓语（谓语（predicate） 宾语（宾语（object） 表语（表语（predicative） 定语（定语（attribute） 状语状语 （adverbial） 补足语补足语 （complement）主语（subject） 语主是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般语主是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。名词、代词、动名词（位于句首。名词、代词、动名词（doing）、不定式（）、不定式（to do）可作主语。）可作主语。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She

2、went to a farm yesterday. Running is good for health. To see is to believe.谓语（predicate） 谓语谓语说明主语的动作或所处的状态。说明主语的动作或所处的状态。 谓语一般在主语之后。谓语由谓语一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动简单动词词或或动词短语动词短语（助动词或情态动词（助动词或情态动词主要动词）构成。主要动词）构成。 I eat breakfast at 7:00. He can speak English well. They dont like noodles. 宾语（object） 宾语宾语表示动作的承受者

3、，一般位于表示动作的承受者，一般位于及及物动词物动词的后面。的后面。名词、代词、动名词（名词、代词、动名词（doing）、不定式（）、不定式（to do）可作宾语。）可作宾语。 I like my job. I love you. He wants to leave right now. They enjoyed reading in the library.表语（predicative） 表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态等，放在系动词后面。我们学过的系等，放在系动词后面。我们学过的系动词有动词有: be, turn , get, keep, feel, sou

4、nd , look , taste等等。 My mother is a teacher. Strawberries turn red in May. That sounds great. The soup tastes good.定语（attribute） 定语定语对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用，对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用，汉语中常用汉语中常用“的的”表示。表示。可作定语可作定语的有的有: 形容词、名词、代词、动名词、形容词、名词、代词、动名词、不定式等。不定式等。 He is a lazy boy. Mary is a math teacher. He is my friend. We of

5、ten swim in the swimming pool. Library is a good place to read books.状语 （adverbial） 状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。全句的句子成分。表示方式、因果、表示方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、程度、目的等。条件、时间、地点、程度、目的等。 可作状语的有副词、介词短语、不定可作状语的有副词、介词短语、不定式等。副词最常用作状语，位置比较式等。副词最常用作状语，位置比较灵活，可置句末、句首和句中。灵活，可置句末、句首和句中。 She sings well. He is very

6、 handsome. I often do my homework on weekends. To get there, you can take NO. 7 bus. Luckily, it didnt rain and the sun came out again.补足语 （complement） 补足语用来补充说明宾语或主语的性补足语用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态。分为宾语补足语和主语补质、状态。分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。足语。 I find the book interesting. Please keep the classroom clean. The teacher ask

7、ed me to answer the question.英语句子五种基本句型 第一种：第一种：S + V 主语主语+ +谓语谓语( (不及物动词不及物动词) ) 第二种：第二种：S + V + O 主语主语+ +谓语谓语( (及物动词及物动词)+)+宾语宾语 第三种：第三种：S + V + P 主语主语+ +谓语（系动词）谓语（系动词）+ +表语表语 第四种：第四种：S + V + O1 + O2 主语主语+ +谓语谓语( (及物动词及物动词)+)+间接宾语间接宾语+ +直接宾语直接宾语 第五种：第五种：S + V + O + O-C 主语主语+ +谓语谓语( (及物动词及物动词)+)+宾语

8、宾语+ +宾语补语宾语补语1 1eg. The girlcame. eg. Itrained. * *主语主语可以有修饰语（即可以有修饰语（即定语定语）* *谓语谓语可以有修饰语（即可以有修饰语（即状语状语）eg. The lovely girl came early. eg. It rained hard yesterday. 2 2eg. ShelikesEnglish.eg. Whoknowsthe answer?eg. Ienjoylistening to music. eg. Wehopeto see you again.3 3eg. Sheisbeautiful eg. Iama

9、teacher. eg. The booksareon the desk. eg. Helookshappy. eg. The foodtastesdelicious.4 4eg. Sheboughtmea book yesterday. eg. Mr. Greenteachesusmusic. eg. My grandmatoldmea story.eg. Tomshowedhis friendsthe photos. 一般情况下，间接宾语是人，直接宾语是一般情况下，间接宾语是人，直接宾语是物。间接宾语位于直接宾语的的前面。物。间接宾语位于直接宾语的的前面。有时根据强调需要，间接宾语可位于直

10、接有时根据强调需要，间接宾语可位于直接宾语之后，这时要在间接宾语前加宾语之后，这时要在间接宾语前加toto或或forfor。eg. She bought me a book yesterday. = She bought a book for me yesterday. eg. My grandma told me a story. = My grandma told a story to me.eg. Dave showed his friends the photos. = Dave showed the photos to his friends.5 5eg. The sunkeepsu

11、swarm. eg. IheardAlicesinging.eg. Tomhelpedhis momto cook dinner.有些动词，后面接了宾语，也不能表达完整有些动词，后面接了宾语，也不能表达完整的意思，还需要再加一个宾语的补足语加以的意思，还需要再加一个宾语的补足语加以解释说明解释说明 ，使意思完整。，使意思完整。Exercise 1 They know him. The children are asleep. The man told the little boy to go home. I dont know. 主语主语谓语谓语 表语表语主语主语宾语宾语谓语谓语谓语谓语主语主

12、语谓语谓语主语主语宾语宾语宾补宾补Exercise 1 Ms Wu teaches us Chinese. The soup tastes delicious. I saw the boy playing soccer. He showed me his photos. 主语主语主语主语主语主语主语主语宾语宾语直宾直宾直宾直宾间宾间宾间宾间宾宾补宾补表语表语谓语谓语谓语谓语谓语谓语谓语谓语Exercise 2 She often dances in the park. I paid him three yuan. The clever boy studies very hard. He wan

13、ted you to go with him.状语状语状语状语定语定语宾补宾补直宾直宾 She often dances in the park. I paid him three yuan. The clever boy studies very hard. He wanted you to go with him. She often dances in the park. I paid him three yuan. The clever boy studies very hard. He wanted you to go with him. She often dances in th

14、e park. I paid him three yuan. The clever boy studies very hard. He wanted you to go with him. She often dances in the park. I paid him three yuan. The clever boy studies very hard. He wanted you to go with him. She often dances in the park. I paid him three yuan. The clever boy studies very hard. H

15、e wanted you to go with him. She often dances in the park. I paid him three yuan. The clever boy studies very hard. He wanted you to go with him.Exercise 2 He knows a little English. Kate was here yesterday. He arrived last night. I usually clean my house on weekends. 定语定语状语状语状语状语状语状语状语状语表语表语状语状语状语状语