高中英语语法省略课件.ppt

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1、二、状语从句的省略二、状语从句的省略 1. 在在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as, whether等等引导的状语从句中，若谓引导的状语从句中，若谓 语有语有be, 而主而主语有跟主句主语相同或是语有跟主句主语相同或是it时，则从句时，则从句的主语和的主语和be常被省略。常被省略。 （1）As (he was) young, he was a store-keeper. （2）His opinion, whether (it is) right or wrong , would be co

2、nsidered. 2. 在在as, than, however, whatever, no matter what等引导的从句中常省等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。略某些成分。 Anyone, no matter who (he is), may point out our shortcomings. I can only do it the way as ( I was) told to (do it that way). 3. 虚拟条件句常省略虚拟条件句常省略if, 将将were, had, should 提前构成部分倒装。提前构成部分倒装。 Should there be a flood

3、 =(If there should be a flood), what should we do? 4. 有些状语从句置于句末，可作句尾省有些状语从句置于句末，可作句尾省略，有时可省略整个从句。略，有时可省略整个从句。 John will go there if my brother will (go). I would have come yesterday (if I had wanted to ).三、三、定语从句定语从句和和名词性从句名词性从句中的中的省略。省略。 1. 在限定性定语从句中，作宾语用在限定性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词的关系代词whom, which, that可省

4、略；可省略；在以在以the sameas和和such as引出的某引出的某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相同部分。同部分。 The girl (whowhomthat) the teacher spoke to is Liu Ying. I dont like such books as this (is). 2. 定语从句中的定语从句中的“主语主语+系动系动词词be”可以省略。可以省略。 The goods (which were) ordered last month havent arrived yet. 3. 在在know, think, consider,

5、 suppose, find, believe, say, decide等动词后面所接的宾等动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词语从句中，连词that可以省略；若带有可以省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有多个宾语从句，只有第一个第一个that可省略，可省略，其余的则不能。其余的则不能。 I think (that) it will clear up(转晴转晴)this afternoon. He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 4. 由由which, when, where, ho

6、w和和why引导的宾语从句，可引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省略。全部或部分省略。 He will come back, but he doesnt know when ( he will come back). 5. 在与在与suggest, request, order, advise等词相关的名词性从句中，等词相关的名词性从句中，须用虚拟语气形式须用虚拟语气形式“should+动词动词原形原形”，should可省略。可省略。 The officer ordered that his men (should) fire. It is suggested that we (should) go

7、 to see the film.四、复合句中特殊的省略现象。四、复合句中特殊的省略现象。 1. 主句省略多用于句首，在答主句省略多用于句首，在答句中，主句或者一些成分可全句中，主句或者一些成分可全部省略。部省略。 (It is a) Pity that I didnt go to Marys birthday party yesterday. 2. 省略一个从句或从句的一部省略一个从句或从句的一部分，可用分，可用so或或not代替。代替。 1) -She may not be free today. -If so (so=she is not free today), we will hav

8、e to report the manager. 2) -Is he feeling better today? -Im afraid not (not=he isnt feeling better today).五、动词不定式省略，只保留五、动词不定式省略，只保留to的场合的场合 1. 不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常见动不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常见动词如词如like, love, care, hope, wish, expect, afford, forget, prefer, refuse, mean, try, advice, persuade, agree, want, remembe

9、r, manage等。等。 You can do it this way if you care to. -You should have thanked her before you left. -I mean to , but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. 2. 不定式在句中作某些动词后的宾补或主补时，不定式在句中作某些动词后的宾补或主补时，常见的有常见的有ask, tell, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit等。等。 She wants to come but her

10、 parents wont allow to. 3. 不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时，常见形不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时，常见形容词如容词如happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready等。等。 I think she should get a job, but you cant force her to if shes not ready to -Ill be away on a business trip. Could you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all. Id be happy to. 4.

11、不定式作某些复合谓语时，常见结不定式作某些复合谓语时，常见结构如构如be able to, be going to , have to, ought to, used to等。等。 He doesnt like fish but he used to. 注意：当省略的内容是作动词用注意：当省略的内容是作动词用的的have或或be的任何形式时的任何形式时,to 后面保留后面保留原形原形have或或be. He didnt come, but he ought to have. Alice is not what she used to be.六、动词不定式符号六、动词不定式符号to 的省略。的省

12、略。 1. 主语部分有主语部分有to do, 系动词是系动词是 is或或was时，作表语的不定式通常省略时，作表语的不定式通常省略to. The only thing you have to do is (to) press the button. 2. 作介词作介词but, except, besides的宾语的宾语时，前面有实义动词时，前面有实义动词do时，常省略不定时，常省略不定式符号式符号to. Tom had nothing to do besides answer betters this morning. 3. 当两个或多个不定式并列时，其后的不当两个或多个不定式并列时，其后的不

13、定式符号可省略，但有对比关系时则不省略。定式符号可省略，但有对比关系时则不省略。 It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.（平行结构）（平行结构） 4. 在在see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, look at, feel, have make, let, leave, observe等词后作宾语补足语时，省略不等词后作宾语补足语时，省略不定式符号定式符号to；Why (not) do结构中不定结构中不定式不带式不带to. Did you notice her enter the room? why

14、not join us?七、介词的省略七、介词的省略（考点）（考点） 1. 一些常和动名词、形容词一起搭配的一些常和动名词、形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的介词常省略，而保留其后的 动名词，常动名词，常见的句型有见的句型有spend/waste time (in) doing, lose no time (in) doing； have difficult/trouble (in) doing； be busy (in) doing；stop/prevent sb. (from) doing 等。等。 The heavy rain prevented him (from) arrivi

15、ng there on time. She lost no time (in) giving the patient first aid.2. 表示行为方式的表示行为方式的in在在in this way, in the same way, in another way等词组中，经常被省略。等词组中，经常被省略。 He did it (in) this way.八、会话中的省略。八、会话中的省略。 省略在会话中应用广泛，无论是回答别省略在会话中应用广泛，无论是回答别人问题，还是在接别人说话时都会发生，人问题，还是在接别人说话时都会发生，否则就觉得累赘。否则就觉得累赘。 -Do you like

16、this shirt? -Yes, (I like it) very much. (Come) This way, please. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -Losing her bicycle (made her so upset).省略句练习题省略句练习题1. Generally speaking, _according to directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when takenC. when to take D. when to be takenB2

17、. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A.lacked B. lacking ofC. lacking D. lacked in C3. - You should have thanked her before you left. - I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing itB4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle

18、 in the street, but his mother told him _. A . not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to A5.What would have happened _, as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked fartherC6.- Do you think its going to rain over the

19、 weekend?- _. A. I dont believe B. I dont believe itC. I believe not so D. I believe not D7. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and_. A. the other is white B. another whiteC. the other white D. another is whiteC8. - Would you like some wine? - Yes, just _. A. little B. very little C. a little D. a fewCThanks for your listening!