2018年北京市中考英语试卷及答案.pdf

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1、2018 年北京市高级中等学校招生考试英语试卷姓名准考证号考场号座位号考生须知知识运用（共知识运用（共 1414 分）分）一、单项填空（共一、单项填空（共 6 6 分，每小题分，每小题 0.50.5 分）分）从下面各题所给的 A、B、C、D 个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. My brother and I like football. play it together once a week.A. I B. They C. We D. You2. Happy birthday, Peter! Heres a gift you.A. for B. in C. with D. fro

2、m3. do you usually go to school, Mary?By bike.A. When B. How C. Where D. Why4. Many people like pandas they are cute.A. though B. if C. while D. because5. I go now, or Ill miss my train.A. can B. might C. must D. could6. Tony is of the three boys, but he is the tallest.A. young B. younger C. younges

3、t D. the youngest7. Bill likes reading. He picture books with his dad every evening.A. read B. reads C. is reading D. has read8. Paul, what were you doing at nine Last night?I a movie in the cinema with my friends.A. was watching B. watch C. have watched D. will watch9. David a tennis player,He to p

4、lay tennis when he was six years o1d.A. begins B. will begin C. began D. has begun10. Lucy, is your uncle a teacher?Yes,he is.He history for nearly 20 years.A. teaches B. has taught C. is teaching D. will teach11. A new international airport in the city next year.A. completes B. is completedC. will

5、complete D. will be completed1本试卷共 10 页，共五道大题，39 道小题，满分 60 分。考试时间 90 分钟。2在试卷和草稿纸上准确填写姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号。3试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。4在答题卡上，选择题用2B 铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5. 考试结束，将本试卷、答题卡卡和草稿纸一并交回。12. Alice, could you tell me London?Sure. Last SundayA. when Mr.Smith left B. when Mr.Smith wi11 leaveC. when di

6、d Mr.Smith leave D. when will Mr.Smith leave二、完形填空（共二、完形填空（共 8 8 分，每小题分，每小题 1 1 分）分）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择最佳选项。Real Solutions（解决方法） to ProblemsThirty engineers were working as a team in a company. They were young and eager to learn. The managementdecided to teach them about findi

7、ng real solutions to problemsOne day, the team was called for a 13 in a hall. They were quite surprised and all reachedthe hall holding various 14 . As they entered, they found a box placed in the center, full of flatballoonsThe manager asked everyone to pick a balloon and blow it up. Then they were

8、 asked to write theirnames on their respective( 各自的)balloons 15 so that the balloons wouldn t blow out. All tried,but not everyone was 16 . Five balloons blew out due to pressure（压力）.Those who failed to mark their names on the balloons were 17 outof the game. As a result, 25 engineers came to the ne

9、xt level. All theballoons carrying their names were 18 and then put into a room, hereand there.The engineers were told to pick the balloon with his or her name on,All the 25 engineers began to search for the respective balloons in a rush.It was almost 15 minutes but no one was able to 19 the right o

10、ne. Thesecond level of the game was over.Then came the final level. the engineers were asked to pick any balloon and give it to person namedon the balloon. Within a couple of minutes, all balloons 20 the hands of the respective engineers.The manager announced this was the real solution to the proble

11、m. Many times in our life,sharing andhelping others give us real solutions to problems.13.A.gameB.showC.concertD.patry14.A.purposesB.suggestionsC.thoughtsD.plans15.A.quietlyB.carefullyC.secretlyD.clearly16.A.bonestB.readyC.patientD.succeesful17.A.checkedB.helpedC.ruledD.cleaned18.A.collectedB.weighe

12、dC.tiedD.cleaned19.A.markB.hideC.numberD.find20.A.freedB.reachedC.liftedD.hit阅读理解（共 36 分）三、阅读下列短文根据短文内容，从文后各所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共26 分，每小题2 分）A ARoger:Roger:Hi,there！It was my 15th birthday last Saturday.Some of my friends and Alan.my cousin，came to celebrate it. Everyone brought me a gift,we pl

13、ayed games，sang songs and had a bigbirthday cake. It was really a wonderful day! Did you do anything special last week?Jessica:Jessica:Yes,My class were on a school field trip last week.First,We went to the Universityof North Carolina to learn about the history of its basketball team. Many basketbal

14、l starswere students there. Then we visited a museum. We learned about how the plane was inventedand took many pictures there.Sara:Sara:Well, I was lucky enough to go to a conference（会议） on charity(慈善) last Wednesday.I was excited to meet a lot of kind people there. One of them was a boy named Richa

15、rd. Hespoke at the conference about the charity work that he had done in the past few years.Martin:Martin:It was a different week than usual,Last Thursday, my school band （乐队） went to Atlantato perform in a competition.I played the violin and we won a prize! On Friday we went to theGeorgia Aquarium

16、and got to see different kinds of sea life from over the world. It was reallycool!21. When did Roger have his birthday party?A.Last Wednesday B. last thursdayC.Last Friday D.Last Saturday.22Who went on a school field trip last week?A.Alan. B.Jessica C.Sara D.Richard.23.Martin went to AtlantaA.speak

17、at a conference B.organize a partyC.perform in a competition D.visit a universityB BA Beautiful MomentA Beautiful MomentWhen I was in high school.I worked part-time helping Dad sell fruits and vegetables at a matket.One day，as I was preparing the fruits. A little boy came by with his mom and sister.

18、 He was about eightyears old，and the girl.five or six. They were looking the fruits in front of me. I heard the kids sayto their mom(in French),Theyre good! I knew it was French. Because I can speak and understand it.Then I noticed how mom was picking the fruits.At first I thought she was really loo

19、king at the fruitsbecause she was facing them. But then I noticed how much she had to feel and smell each one as she pickedthem out. And often asked her son if it looked okay, but looked way above where his face was. Puttingwhat I saw together,I was sure she was blind.Both of the kids continued to h

20、elp their mom pick out the fruits .The son made sure the fruits werenot obviously bad, and the daughter handed them to her mom. The woman then felt each one and smiled,and the daughter would put them into their basket .The kids were smiling while helping their mom pickthe fruits out. Their smile and

21、 gentle manner moved me in a way that never happened before .It was so beautifulto see such young kids so willingly help. Most kids that age would be picking out candies or toys ina store for themselves, instead of helping their mom pick out fruits as the two kids did.It was great to witness the mom

22、ent, but not so great because I didnt tell the mom how beautifulher children were in their language .this is what I regret to this day.24. The women and her kids came to the market to buy .A. fruits B. vegetables C. candies D. toys25. According to what he saw, the writer was sure the mother couldnt

23、.A. speak B. see C. smell D. hear26. The writer was moved because .A. the mother was brave to face her problems.B. the kids were polite and kind to each otherC. the mother was careful in picking out thingsD. the kids were so willing to help their motherC CSome primary schoolchildren have been raised

24、 in homes with more green space around. They are likelyto come with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas of the brain. These differencesare associated(关联) with beneficial effects on cognitive function ( 认知功能 ) . This is the mainconclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute

25、 for Global Health.The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain .Lifelong exposure( 接触) to green spacein the living places was recordedusing the information on the childrens addresses from birth up throughto the time of the study. Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance

26、imaging (MRI). Workingmemory and inattentiveness(注意力不集中)were graded with computers.“This is the first study that shows the association between long-term exposure to green space andbrain structure.” Says Dr. Payam Dadvand, the leading researcher of the study, “Our findings suggestthat exposure to gre

27、en space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain.”The findings show that long-term exposure to greenness is positivelyassociated with white and greymatter volumes in several parts of the brain. Some of them are related to higher scores on cognitivetests. Moreover, la

28、rger volumes of white and grey matter in those parts might lead to better workingmemory and less inattentiveness.Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children. Another studyof 2,593 children shows that children in school with more green space have a greater in

29、crease in workingmemory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness.Humans are believed to be tied to nature. Playing in greener areas offers children opportunitiesto search and learn. Accordingly, green space is thought to promptprompt important exercises in discovery,creativity and risk taking. Thes

30、e exercises in turn positively influence brain development.Dr. Dadvands study suggests how such structural changes could bring about the beneficial effectsof green spaces on cognitive development, it also adds to the proof that suggests the lasting effectsof early life exposure to greenness on our h

31、ealth and the benefits of increasing greenness in cities.Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other populations, settings and climates. Andresearchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space.27. The second paragraph is mainly about .A. how the st

32、udy was performed B. what was recorded in the studyC. how long the study lasted D. who took part in the study28. The word “promptprompt” in paragraph 6 probably means “.A. control B. encourage C. balance D. change29. What can we learn from the passage?A. Working memory influences white and grey matt

33、er in the brain.B. Dr. Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment.C. Studies proved the influence of greenness on populations outs of Spain.D. Living in greener neighborhoods benefits children in brain development.D DWe often reach a point in our life when we should be ready for cha

34、nge that will help us unlock ourself-improvement power. However, theres always something staring at us right under our nose but wedont see it. The only time we think of unlocking our self-improvement power is when everything getsworst.When do we realize that we need to change diets? When none of our

35、 shirts and jeans would fit us.When do we stop eatingcandies and chocolates? When all of our teeth have fallen off.When do we realizethat we need to stop smoking? When our lungs have gone bad. We see the warning signs and signals whenthings get rough and difficult.The only time most of us ever learn

36、 about unlocking our self-improvement power is when the wholeworld is falling apart. We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change, but change becomesmore painful when we ignore(忽视) it，Change will happen, like it or hate it. At one point or another. we are all going to finally unlockou

37、r self-improvement power not because the world says so. But because we realize its for our own good.Happy people dont just accept change; they embrace (拥抱)it. Unlocking our self-improvement powermeans unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are. It is such a poor excuse

38、for people who fear change.Jane always tells everyone that she doesnt have the courage to be around groups of people. She heardher family tell the same things about her to other people. Over the years, that is what Jane has believed.Every time a great crowd come, she steps back and locks herself up

39、in a room. Jane not only believesin her story, but lives it!Self-improvement may not be everybodys favorite word, but if we look at things in a different way,we might have greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of counting the days until we arefully improved. Three sessions in a week

40、at the gym would result in a healthier life. Reading books everyday would build up knowledge. And only when we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking ourself-improvement power will we realize that were beginning to take things light and become happy.30. The writer mentions the three questions i

41、n Paragraph 2 to show that .A. we learn our lessons when we experience pain.B. we are responsible for the problems we meet.C. life fails us when we get into the wrong way.D. life is a long journey full of ups and downs.31. What is the key to solving Janes problem?A. She needs to remember why she sta

42、rted.B. She has to know how to get on with people.C. She has to realize she is not what she is in her story.D. She needs to understand the importance of confidence.32. The writer probably agrees that .A. the world tells us how to improve ourselves.B. people change when they find it easy to do that.C

43、. welcoming change in life is a drive to become better.D. enjoying the process of self-improvement makes life simpler.33. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Is it important to take things light?B. Is it necessary to embrace challenges?C. To hold on to the last moment o

44、r to give up?D. To free ourselves out of the box or to stay in it?四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题 （共（共 1010 分，每小题分，每小题 2 2 分）分）When it comesto the letter gradeon your test or homework, you might notice that there is no letterE. Have you ever thought about why that is so?In the A, B, C, D and F gr

45、ading system, the first four letters are typically considered passing grades.An F in this systemsimply stands for “fail”.The word“fail”happens to start with the letter F, whichseems to leave out the letter E. The fact ” Some schools have U grade for “unsatisfactory”,or I gradefor “incomplete”.Even w

46、ith all this said, we should also point out that E grade actually has beenused pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the US.The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones weuse today is Mount Holyoke College. In 1897,they began to use the following grad

47、ingscale:A: 95-100%(excellent) B: 85-94%(good) C: 76-84%(fair)D: 75%(barely passed) E: below 75%(failed)We can see the inclusion of E instead of F.Gradually,the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US. However, many schoolsdecided to drop the E grade and go straight to F.There is

48、 no evidence(证据) to really support this,butone possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake Efor “excellent”.Why do we have letter grades? Well,part of the reason is that they made grading simpler during atime of great change for schools. As the 20t

49、h century began,growing cities and an increase in immigrationled to larger school classrooms. Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system wasan easy,fair and clear way to grade students.Today,more and more people argue that letter grades don t fully reflect(反映) student learning

50、。However，as teachers try to improve grading methods,many parents continue to favor the letter gradesthey got as kids, they are familiar( 熟悉) and easy for parents to understand. So while they might notbe perfect, the letter grades probably arent going away any time soon.34.what does an F stand for in