名词性从句归纳与练习.doc

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1、名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一、重难点归纳1、that和what都可以引导名词性从句，但that是连接词，不在从句中担任任何成份；（1） what是连接代词，在从句中充当一定的成份，如主语、宾语或表语。（5） That he stole a bike was true. The important thing is what you do, but not what you say. 2、单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。 Where and when he was born has not b

2、een found. 他出生在何时何地还不知道。 When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. 那个人何时被谋杀，为什么被谋杀尚不知道。 3、在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。（20） The problem is what he has done to the little boy. 问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。 4、连接词that引导的主语从句放在句首时，that不能省略。但为避免头重脚轻，可以用it作为形式主语，而把主语从句放到后面。（1）5、如果主句的谓语动词

3、是一般现在时，从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态；如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的谓语动只能用过去时的某种形式，但如果从句表达的是客观真理或客观存在则不受此影响。 We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house. 6、与“命令、要求、建议”等相关的名词性从句中通常用虚拟语气，虚拟语气的构成是“should动词原形”或省去should，直接用动词原形。 She insisted that she not be sent to the countryside. 但是，如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲，insis

4、t作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。 The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination. 7、同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后（如news, idea, information, fact, hope, thought, belief等），用来说明名词所表示的具体内容，引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that, whether和连接副词when, where, why, how；I have no idea when she will be back. 8、whether和if均

5、可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其他名词性从句，如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether连接，不用if。 I dont care about whether you have money or not. 9、介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。 I could say nothing but that I was angry.10、引导宾语从句的连接词that一般可以省略，但如果有二个或二个

6、以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略。 例 He said (that) the text was very difficult and that we had to work hard at it.11、当主句是I/ We think ( suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中，成为否定的转移。 We dont believe that he will win the game. 12、如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则必须用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，并且that

7、不能省略。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 13、doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/ if引导的名词性从句。 We doubt whether/ if he can win the game. 14、连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who, anything that等。他们也

8、可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter who/ what/ which。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 二、Quiz1 1. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out of the atmosphere today. (2003上海) A. that B. when C. what D. how 2. - I think its going to be a big problem. - Yes, it could b

9、e. - I wonder _ we do about it.(2002上海春) A. if B. how C. what D. that 3. You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them easily. (1999NMET) A. when B. where C. then D. there 4. A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do. (2001NMET) A. how B. after C. what D. when 5. You are

10、saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. (2004 NMET) A. why B. where C. what D. how 6. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004 NMET) A. this B. that C. it D. one 7. The road is covered with snow. I cant understand _ they insist on going by motor-bike

11、. (2004NMET) A. why B. whether C. when D. how 8. We cant figure out _ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.(2004 北京) A. that B. as C. why D. when 9. After Yang Liwei succeeded circling the earth, _ our astronauts are to do is walk in space. (2004 上海) A. where B. what C. that D

12、. how 10. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (2004 上海) A. when B. where C. what D. that Key 1-5 CCBCB 6-10 CACBD 三、强化练习 1. He has given us a suggestion _ we should buy a cottage in the country, with the money we h

13、ave saved. A. when B. where C. what D. that 2. After five hours drive, they reached _ they thought was the place theyd been dreaming of. A. that B. where C. which D. what 3. It is no longer a question now _ man can land on the moon. A. that B. which C. whether D. what 4. She is pleased with _ you ha

14、ve given him and all that you have told him. A. that B. what C. why D. which 5. Father made a promise _ I passed the exam, he would buy me a bicycle. A. that B. if C. whether D. that if 6. _ surprised me most was that she didnt even know _ the difference between the two lies. A. What, where B. What,

15、 what C. That, where D. That, what 7. Sometimes we are asked _ we think the likely result of an action will be. A. that B. what C. which D. whether 8. Nobody knows _ he mentioned that at the meeting. A. that B. why C. what D. where 9. There is no doubt _ he was spellbound by the magic show.A. that B

16、. whether C. if D. why 10. I have no idea _ they will visit our school; we have got everything ready. A. how B. when C. that D. why Key 1-5 DDABD 6-10 ABBAB 名词性从句十大热点问题 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为它是从句，因此具有句子的特点，有主、谓成份；同时又具有名词性特点，所以可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。一、引导词what与that的用法区别。 引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或

17、表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。例如（NMET96）： _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what _ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where Cp: That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved. 二、引

18、导词whether和if的用法区别。 通常，引导主语从句、表语从句和引导同位语从句时，要用连词whether，不用if；习惯上也只能说whether or not_ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That _ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 答案是C，that不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。由于该主语从句是否定句，所

19、以不能用whether引导。 三、名词性从句的语序。 与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用自然语序，即使在疑问句中，从句也不倒装（而在主句上倒装）。从句的引导词必须始终置于句首: No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas pres

20、ents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 四、形式主、宾语。 当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句后置，而用it作为形式主语，置于句首。 形式宾语也只能用it。例如（MET95）: _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It Many people think

21、it possible that a trade war between EU and the States will happen. 五、Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别。 一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。例如（NMET97）： It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 解析：这里的

22、whatever不能改成what，因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么是不明智的”，具有泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里whatever也不能改用no matter what， _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever 解析：答案是D，whoever意为“无论谁”，表泛指。比较下例： I cant remember at the moment who has said the words. （这里的who表特定的某人） 六、Wher

23、e, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。 Where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。例如（NMET99）： I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. that D. where 解析：答案是A，why引导的从句作表语，同时why在从句中作原因状语。唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义，及语境。Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do, he

24、came by car. A. How B. when C. that D. if 七“介词+who(m)引导的宾语从句”与“介词+ whom”引导的定语从句的区别。 介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。例如（上海高考题98）： It was a matter of _ would take the position. A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever Cp: Our country has thousands of excellent scientists, most of whom have received hig

25、her education at home. 八、名词性从句中有插入成分时。 此时应注意两点：一是从句仍然不倒装，而在插入成分上倒装；二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择。例如（上海高考题95）： _ you have seen both fighters, _ will win? A. Since; do you think who B. As; who you think C. When; whoever D. Since; who do you think 九、引导词that的省略。 引导宾语从句时，that通常可以省略，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that不能省。例如： Chinas

26、success in manned-spacecraft travel shows _ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research. A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that 十、同位语从句引导词where, when的用法特点。 说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词where, when与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。是比较： Then arose the question _ we were to get so much money. This is the house _ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago. A. where B. that C. about which D. in which 解析：答案分别是(1) A (2) A/D。（1）题中的question与where不表同一概念，可见是同位语从句，所以where不能改用“介词+which”的形式。