同位语从句讲解.ppt

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1、Look at the sentences. The phrase and clause underlined are used as appositive (同位语同位语).1 Although Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.2 The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 语法精解语法精解( (一一) )1. 同位语同位语 the Appositive 同位语是句子成

2、分的一种同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性说明它们的性质和情况质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。同位语的表现形式有以下几种：同位语的表现形式有以下几种：(1) 名词名词 Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. (2) 代词代词 I myself will do the experiment.(3) 数词数词 She is the oldest among them six. (4) 从句从句 He told me the news that the p

3、lane had exploded. (5) 由由such as, that is引导引导Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn. (6) 由由of引导引导 The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000. (7) 由由or引导引导The freezing temperature, or freezing point, is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary

4、pressure. 一一. 指出下例句子划线部分是什么句子成份。指出下例句子划线部分是什么句子成份。1. There is going to be a Chinese film tonight. ( )2. She is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. ( )配套练习配套练习(一一)表语表语谓语谓语3. Her wish is to become a teacher. ( )4. He, my brother, managed to finish the work in time. ( ) 5. Tom came to ask me for advice. (

5、)表语表语同位语同位语状语状语6. We found it important to learn English. ( )7. Do you have anything else to wash? ( )8. To be honest, your writing isnt so good. ( )形式宾语形式宾语定语定语插入语插入语9. Would you please tell me your name? ( )10. They noticed a man enter the room. ( )间接宾语、直接宾语间接宾语、直接宾语宾语补足语宾语补足语2. Meeting my uncle a

6、fter all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ I will always treasure. (NMET2002) A. that B. one C. it D. what2. 同位语从句同位语从句the Appositive clause(1) 同位语从句的定义同位语从句的定义 在复合句中用作在复合句中用作同位语同位语的从句称为的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。语法精解语法精解( (二二) )它一般放在它一般放在fact, ne

7、ws, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等名词等名词的后面的后面, 对前面的名词作进一步的解释对前面的名词作进一步的解释, 说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词从句的词有连词that, 连接副词连接副词how, when, where, whether, what等。等。e.g. The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. The problem whether we s

8、hould continue to do the experiment has been solved. I have no idea when he will come back. 同位语从句有时被别的词把它同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：和名词隔开：注意注意: The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow. Word came that their team had won. 同位语从句的表现形式同位语从句的表现形式: 由由that引导引导 The fact that you dont have enou

9、gh time to do the work is simply unbelievable. The hope that he may come here is not gone yet. The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true. The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all. The problem that she later developed a serio

10、us lung disease bothered scientists. 由由whether引导引导 The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed. 由由when引导引导 I have no idea when they will go. 有时可用有时可用 namely (即即), that is to say (也就是说也就是说), in other words (换句话说换句话说), that is (那就是那就是), for example等引出同位语等引出同位语, 说明其前说明其

11、前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。接跟在名词或代词的后面。 He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all. There is only one way of improving your English, that is, to practice more. Altogether Dolly had lived for six years, half the length of the life of the original sheep. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语

12、从句与定语从句的区别: 同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆淆, 我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们: 同位语从句同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词说明的名词大都是抽象名词; 定语从句定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。抽象的也有不抽象的。 同位语从句同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系辑关系； 定语从句定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。 同位语从句同位语从句主要由连接词主要

13、由连接词that引导引导, 有有时也可用时也可用when, where, who, whether等等引导引导; 定语从句定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。由关系代词或关系副词引导。 Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed. Do you know the place where he was born? 引导同位语从句的连词不可省略引导同位语从句的连词不可省略; 引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。可省略。 The news that he has been

14、 elected monitor of our class is true. The news (that) he told me is exciting.区别下列句子哪些是同位语从句区别下列句子哪些是同位语从句, 哪些是哪些是定语从句。定语从句。1. The fact that Great Britain is made up of three parts is known to many.2. The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.3. The suggestion tha

15、t students should learn something practical is worth considering.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句4. The state that consists of three countries is developing very fast.5. The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.6. The news that the plane would take off o

16、n time made everybody happy.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句6. We dont think you two have met before. 我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。 (宾语从句宾语从句)翻译句子翻译句子, ,并说明这个名词性从句的作用并说明这个名词性从句的作用。7. It is certain that John will do well in his exam. 约翰肯定会考好。约翰肯定会考好。 (主语从句主语从句)8. Whether they are coming or not dont matter

17、 too much. 他们来不来无关紧要。他们来不来无关紧要。 (主语从句主语从句)9. Now is when we need him most. 现在是我们最需要他的时候。现在是我们最需要他的时候。 (表语从句表语从句)10. I have no idea how she got through the forest. 我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。 (同位语从句同位语从句)11. The fact that they won the prize made us happy. 他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。 (同位语从句同位语从句)用

18、适当的连接代词或连接副词填空用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。12. I cant decide _ book I should buy.13. China is no longer _ it used to be.14. I am very interested in _ he improved his English in such a short time.15. _ we need is more money.which what how What16. The truth _ the earth turns around the sun is known to us.17. _ and

19、 _ we will meet has not been decided yet.thatWhenwhere用名词性从句完成下列句子。用名词性从句完成下列句子。18. The news _ _ (她她通过了高考通过了高考) is exciting.19. Mike made a promise _ _ (他将帮助我学习英语他将帮助我学习英语)that she has passed the national college entrance examination that he would help me with my English.25. One of them held the vie

20、w _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that what C. that D. whether单项选择单项选择26. The reason _ he has to go is _ his mother is ill in bed. A. why; why B. why; because C. why; that D. that; because27. They received orders _ the work be done right away. A. which B. that C. / D. when28. I have no id

21、ea _. A. how to do B. when shall we start out for the trip C. what has happened to my wife D. how much have they earned29. I think _ certain that she will do well in her exam. A. that B. this is C. it D. whats30. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away villa

22、ge. A. until B. that C. when D. where31. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he was likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. what D. why32. Thats the only thing _ he can do now A. which B. all C. that D. what33. Information has been put forward _ more middle school gradua

23、tes will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as34. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether35. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _. A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving