初中被动语态讲解[1].ppt

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1、 英语动词有两种语态：英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态被动语态 (the Passive Voice)A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者执行者。B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.注：后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态注：后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态We speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken by us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语主动语态主动语态

2、被动语态被动语态They cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天他们打扫了教室。昨天他们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by them yesterday.昨天教室被他们打扫了。昨天教室被他们打扫了。1. 一般现在时：一般现在时：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词 2. 一般过去时：一般过去时：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词 3. 现在现在/过去完成时：过去完成时：has / have/had + been + 及物动词的及物动词的过去分词过去分词 4. 一般将来时

3、：一般将来时：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词 5. 含有情态动词：情态动词含有情态动词：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词 6. 现在进行时：现在进行时：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分及物动词的过去分词词歌诀：被动语态歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面字变，过去分词跟后面(一)被动语态基本用法:当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。be + 过去分词过去分词( (二二) )被动语态的基本

4、结构被动语态的基本结构: :有各种时态的变化有各种时态的变化1.1.规则动词的过去分词：规则动词的过去分词：1)1)一般情况在动词原形后一般情况在动词原形后加加-ed-edwatch-watched2)2)以不发音以不发音e e结尾的加结尾的加-d-dpractice-practiced3)3)以辅音加以辅音加y y结尾的，去结尾的，去y y变变i i加加-ed-edstudy-studied4)4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加辅音字母，再加-ed-edstop-stopped2.2.不规则动词的过去分词不规则动

5、词的过去分词：amisarewaswerebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone动词过去分词的变化动词过去分词的变化:1. Now English _ by more and more people all over the word. A. speaks B. is spoken C. was spoken一般现在时的被动语态：一般现在时的被动语态：主语主语+am / is / are + PP2. The lost boy _ at the street corner last night. A. was found B. is found C. wa

6、s looked for一般过去时的被动语态：一般过去时的被动语态：主语主语+was / were + PP3. More man-made satellites _ in the future. A. will send up B. will be sent up C. are sent up一般将来时的被动语态：一般将来时的被动语态：主语主语+will + be + PP主语主语+ +be going to + be + PP4. Three bridges _ since last year. A. have built B. were built C. have been built现

7、在完成时的被动语态：现在完成时的被动语态：主语主语+have/ has+ been + PP5. Flowers _ every day. A. has been watered B. should be watered C. should water含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词情态动词 + be + PP( (四四) )主动语态变被动语态主动语态变被动语态: : (1)(1)把把来的来的提到前面作被动语态的提到前面作被动语态的(2)(2)把把谓语动词谓语动词变成变成被动结构被动结构( (bebe过去分词过去分词) () (根根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及

8、原来据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定bebe的形式的形式) )。 (3)(3)把主动语态中的把主动语态中的主语主语放在介词放在介词byby之后作之后作宾语宾语，将将主格主格改为改为宾格宾格。如：。如： They make the bikes in the factory. . The bikesin the factory.are madethemby主变被步骤主变被步骤: :1.找宾语找宾语: 即动作的承受者即动作的承受者(改为主语改为主语)He washed his car yesterday. His car3. 判断

9、判断新主语新主语的单复数的单复数:确定确定be动词的单复数动词的单复数. be4. 判断动词的时态判断动词的时态 : 即即be动词的时态动词的时态.2. 修改谓语的语态修改谓语的语态:即即be+原原V.过去分词过去分词 washed5. 修改原句的主语修改原句的主语 :即即by +主语主语(变宾格变宾格). (by him) yesterday.iswas was1.Tom broke the window. The window 2.She broke the windows. The windows 3.He cleans the classroom everyday. The class

10、room was broken by Tom.were brokenby her.is cleaned by himbe动词的单复数变化动词的单复数变化:everyday. 1. They will finish the work in ten days.The workin ten days.will be finished(by them)1. Amy can take good care of the cat The cat can be taken good care ofby Amy. ( (四四) )被动语态的特殊情况被动语态的特殊情况: :1.在主动语态中在主动语态中, ,mak

11、e, let, hear, see, watch, notice等词等词,其后跟省略其后跟省略to的动词不定式的动词不定式(动动词原形词原形),在变为被动语态时在变为被动语态时,必须必须还原动词还原动词不定式符号不定式符号to.如如: 1) We heard him sing this song in the room. He was heard to sing this song in the room.2) The boss made him work 14 hours a day. He was made to work 14 hours a day. 3) I see him walk

12、 to school. He is seen to walk to school. A traffic accident _(happen) just now.happened2. 连系动词连系动词（Link.v.) 如：如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, becomePeking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.sounds3. 当此动词表示当此动词表示事物的自然属性事物的自然属性的时候的时候:The pen _ (write) very fast.writesThis kind of sweat

13、er _ (sell) well. sells1. 不及物动词不及物动词（vi.) 如如:happen, take place, appear, disappear, 不用被动语态的动词：不用被动语态的动词：表示主语的自然属性特征表示主语的自然属性特征well/ badly/easily/smoothly),常见动词：常见动词：read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink, The books _ well A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. ar

14、e being soldThis kind of cloth _ easily A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed1. Many accidents_ by careless drivers last year.A. are caused B. were causedC. have caused D. will cause2. An official _ by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday.A. is interviewing B. is interv

15、iewed C. was interviewing D. was interviewed3. Today a lot of information can _ online. A. receive B. be received C. is received D. receiving4. Im glad to find that many trees_ in our city last year.A. plant B. planted C. were planted D. are planted5. Driving after drinking wine in China. A. allows

16、B. doesnt allow C. is allowed D. isnt allowed6. Dont worry. Your package here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A. will keep B. has kept C. will be kept D. has been kept7. Its true that Shakespeares play _ by so many people every year.A. see B. will see C. are seeing D. are seenCorrecting

17、 mistakeCorrect the mistake(s) in each sentence if any:1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?4)Class is begun at 7:30 every day5)His plan is sounded good1.树要在春天种树要在春天种;2.树坑要挖得够大树坑要挖得够大,但不要

18、太深但不要太深;3.把树放进坑里把树放进坑里,扶直扶直;4.把泥推回坑里把泥推回坑里,用脚踩实用脚踩实;5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍并且保证棍子插直了子插直了;6.用绳子用绳子（rope）把棍子和树绑起来把棍子和树绑起来7.浇好水浇好水. 根据提示写一篇以根据提示写一篇以How to Plant a Tree?为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上下文连贯。尽量使用下文连贯。尽量使用被动语态被动语态，80词左右。词左右。1.树要在春天树要在春天种种;2.树坑要树坑要挖挖得得够大够大,但不要但不要太深太深;3.把把树树放进放进坑里坑里,

19、扶直扶直;4.把把泥泥推回推回坑里坑里,用用脚脚踩实踩实;5.在旁边在旁边插插一根坚一根坚实的长棍子实的长棍子,并且并且保证保证棍子插棍子插直直了了;6.用用绳子（绳子（rope）把把棍子棍子和和树树绑起来绑起来7.浇好水浇好水.be plantedbe dugbig enoughtoo deepput intobe kept straightpush back topush hard with knock into be kept straightbe tied to withbe watered well Trees must be planted in Spring. The hole

20、must be dug large enough but not too deep. Put the tree into the hole and it must be kept straight. Push the earth back to the hole and it must be pushed hard with your feet. Knock a long and strong stick into the earth beside the tree and it must be kept straight. Trees can be tied to the stick with a rope. And they must be watered well.