读写任务之材料概括.ppt

《读写任务之材料概括.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《读写任务之材料概括.ppt（46页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、读写任务读写任务 Task writingSummary1.1.完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改 的，得的，得0 0分；分；2. 2. 机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得 1 1分；分；3. 3. 稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原 文词序的，得文词序的，得2 2分；分；4. 4. 创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序还有句子结构的，最多得还有句子结构的，最多得3 3分；分；5. 5. 结构、用词、词性变化比较好的得结构、用词、词性变化比较好的得4 4至至5 5分

2、。分。近几年广东高考概括部分评分细则近几年广东高考概括部分评分细则 the six elements of a narrative passage who when / where / what How (process)At first: Then: why three brothersthe same pay3 years later, different wagesago, leave the farm to work for the same company in the cityact differently towards the same workThe writer tells

3、 us three brothersThe writer tells us three brothers, who , who worked for the worked for the same same company , received company , received differentdifferent wages due to their different wages due to their different attitudesattitudes towards their work, towards their work, which shows which show

4、s right attitude is of great help to ones liferight attitude is of great help to ones life. . (34 words)(34 words)The writer tells us the right attitude is The writer tells us the right attitude is helpful by showing us the example of the helpful by showing us the example of the three brothers, who

5、worked for the same three brothers, who worked for the same company, received different wages due to company, received different wages due to their different attitude towards their work. their different attitude towards their work. (35 words)(35 words)概括短文内容要点概括短文内容要点: : 找中心句，划关键词找中心句，划关键词 记叙文记叙文: :

6、 主题情节主题情节套用句式套用句式: :The writer tells us by The writer tells us by 误区警示：误区警示：考生往往犯以下的错误考生往往犯以下的错误-主题大意概主题大意概括不清，抄袭原文或表达了自己的意见括不清，抄袭原文或表达了自己的意见, ,这些都这些都会大大影响得分。会大大影响得分。所以所以: :要想在考场写作的紧张时刻用要想在考场写作的紧张时刻用3030个词概括短个词概括短文的内容要点，我们需要谨记下面的六种技巧文的内容要点，我们需要谨记下面的六种技巧: : skill1: skill1: 省略细节省略细节 Skill2: Skill2: 省略

7、重复了的内容省略重复了的内容 Skill3: Skill3: 省略例子省略例子 Skill4: Skill4: 用概括性的语言而不是精确的语言用概括性的语言而不是精确的语言 Skill5: Skill5: 使用短而精的连词使用短而精的连词, ,如如but, and, but, and, besides besides Skill6: Skill6: 用间接引语表达对话内容。用间接引语表达对话内容。如何提高作文档次如何提高作文档次( (1)1)表达精练简洁表达精练简洁: :表达不要罗嗦表达不要罗嗦, ,若能用若能用非非谓语动词谓语动词做定语或状语就不要用定语从句或做定语或状语就不要用定语从句或状

8、语从句状语从句. .(2)(2)避免低级错误避免低级错误: :避免避免语法和拼写语法和拼写的低级错的低级错误误, ,避免被扣印象分避免被扣印象分. .(3)(3)保证赏心悦目保证赏心悦目: :注重字体的美化注重字体的美化, ,保持保持卷卷面整洁面整洁, ,提高印象分提高印象分. .(4)(4)句子句子错落有致错落有致: :根据表达需要根据表达需要, ,交叉使用交叉使用长句与短句长句与短句, ,简单句与复合句简单句与复合句. .(5)(5)句式句式多种多样多种多样: :多样化句式多样化句式, ,方能显示较方能显示较强的语言功底强的语言功底, ,大大提高作文档次大大提高作文档次. .多样化句式多样

9、化句式(1)(1)用用it is/was it is/was thatthat强调句强调句式式. .(2)(2)用作状语的介词短语开头的用作状语的介词短语开头的完全倒装完全倒装句或用以句或用以only in this way only in this way 等开头的等开头的部分倒装部分倒装句句. .(3)(3)用用withwith的复合结构的复合结构(with+(with+宾语宾语+ +宾补宾补) )作状语作状语. .(4)(4)用用非谓语动词非谓语动词简化状语从句或并列结构简化状语从句或并列结构. .(5)(5)用用whatwhat引导的名词性从句引导的名词性从句. .(6)(6)用用独立

10、主格独立主格结构结构. .(7)(7)恰当运用恰当运用感叹句感叹句, ,被动句被动句等等. .(8)(8)适当使用适当使用插入语插入语, ,如：如：to be honest, I guess, I think, personally等等. .(9)(9)尽量用尽量用短语短语代替单词来表达同样的意思代替单词来表达同样的意思. .(10)(10)恰当使用关联词语恰当使用关联词语, , 除使用复合句的连词外除使用复合句的连词外, ,写作中经常用到的写作中经常用到的关联词关联词: :广东高考广东高考-读写任务读写任务 Task writingContent 1.2. Summary (about 30

11、 words) Your opinion, argument and conclusion (about 120 words)3 Styles of PassagesStyles（体裁）（体裁） Functions（功能）（功能）Narration(记叙文记叙文)describe a person or an event, with afterthoughtsArgumentation(议论文议论文)show the writers point of viewExposition (说明文说明文)introduce something, eg. a phenomenon体裁体裁关键句关键句记叙

12、文记叙文议论文议论文说明文说明文抓住抓住who, what happened, 及及the writers purpose通常抓住首段和尾段通常抓住首段和尾段抓住首段或各段首句抓住首段或各段首句How to find the key sentences or key words?概括所给短文内容要点概括所给短文内容要点: :方法：方法：找中心句，划关键词找中心句，划关键词 议论文议论文: :论点，论据结论论点，论据结论记叙文记叙文: : 主题情节主题情节说明文说明文: :现象现象+ +原因作者的观点（如果文章有）原因作者的观点（如果文章有）The Steps of Writing a Summ

13、ary(1)定时态定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在时么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在时,那么基本时态用现在时；那么基本时态用现在时；(2)定人称定人称：一般情况下采用第三人称来：一般情况下采用第三人称来写作，特殊如书信的，可能会使用第写作，特殊如书信的，可能会使用第一、二人称；一、二人称；(3)定技巧定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。：结合相关技巧，重新组句。Some Summary Models for You(1)Narration Summary Models (记叙文概要模板记叙文概要模板)(2)Argumentation Summa

14、ry Models (议论文概要模板议论文概要模板)(3)Exposition Summary Models (说明文概要模板说明文概要模板)(1) 记叙文概要模板记叙文概要模板点明写作目的类：点明写作目的类：The writer tells us（主题）（主题）by showing us an example of, who/which（故事情节）（故事情节）.作者经历类：作者经历类：In the passage, the writer mainly tells us hisexperience of doing sth, which他人经历类：他人经历类：This passage is m

15、ainly about sbs experience of doing sth.(2) 议论文概要模板议论文概要模板 The article gives the view that should / shouldnt（主题）（主题）. .（补充论据）（补充论据）. The passage highlights (强调强调) the importance of sth. The author argues that(3) 说明文概要模板说明文概要模板 现象揭示类：现象揭示类： This article points out the common phenomenon -（主题（主题), whic

16、h.（补充解释）（补充解释）. 利弊对比类：利弊对比类： The article compares the disadvantages/ benefits of A and B. Awhile B / The passage discusses the impact(影响影响)of sth. On the positive side, but it may also. 研究显示类：研究显示类： The study reveals(揭露揭露) that The purpose of the report is to show that注意事项：注意事项：“五定三忌五定三忌” 定体裁；定主题；定时

17、态；定体裁；定主题；定时态； 定人称；定技巧定人称；定技巧 忌照抄原文；忌私加观点；忌照抄原文；忌私加观点； 忌不符字数。忌不符字数。Narration 记叙文记叙文 the six elements of a narrative passage whowhenwhere What (event)How (process)why Hi, I am Mike. I just went through my first year of college. The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment. I went to a

18、very small high school where my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me. But at the college I need to know some basic life skills, such as balancing a check-book, laundry, and the things you have to be able to handle that I never thought of in the high school! It was really tough

19、 for me at first and I got badly homesick. Once that first semester was over and I got used to the college life, I love itgood facilities, helpful instructors, and a good library. The students Union organizes various parties every week. I also go to cinemas and concerts, and often spend Saturday nig

20、hts in pubs and clubs. One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. I was on dance team in college and met a ton of people that wayit was so much easier to make friends when you had a common ground. the six elements of a narrative passage who When/where /What How (process)At f

21、irst: Then: At last: why MikeHis first year of collegetoughestadjustmentgot used to itlove the college lifeGet himself active in things套用语句套用语句1.1.摘要的开头语摘要的开头语( (第一段开头语第一段开头语) )记叙文的摘要开头语记叙文的摘要开头语: :The story/passage is aboutThe writer/author tells us about.The story mainly tells us that. _his first

22、year of college life. At first he _, but aftergetting active in things for one semester,he _ and_ .didnt adjust himself welladapted to itenjoyed himselfcongratulations!Try it!本题为本题为20082008年广东高考读写任务年广东高考读写任务2.摘要后过渡语摘要后过渡语:在写完摘要之后在写完摘要之后,要有过渡要有过渡词或过渡句词或过渡句,才使上下文自然衔接。才使上下文自然衔接。记叙文的过渡语记叙文的过渡语(引出类似的经历引出

23、类似的经历)This story reminds me of another story that happened toThis story reminds me of a similar experience ofI also went through such an experience.I have a similar experience.have/has a similar experience as.如何提高作文档次如何提高作文档次( (1)1)表达精练简洁表达精练简洁: :表达不要罗嗦表达不要罗嗦, ,若能用若能用非非谓语动词谓语动词做定语或状语就不要用定语从句或做定语或状语就

24、不要用定语从句或状语从句状语从句. .(2)(2)避免低级错误避免低级错误: :避免避免语法和拼写语法和拼写的低级错的低级错误误, ,避免被扣印象分避免被扣印象分. .(3)(3)保证赏心悦目保证赏心悦目: :注重字体的美化注重字体的美化, ,保持保持卷卷面整洁面整洁, ,提高印象分提高印象分. .(4)(4)句子句子错落有致错落有致: :根据表达需要根据表达需要, ,交叉使用交叉使用长句与短句长句与短句, ,简单句与复合句简单句与复合句. .(5)(5)句式句式多种多样多种多样: :多样化句式多样化句式, ,方能显示较方能显示较强的语言功底强的语言功底, ,大大提高作文档次大大提高作文档次.

25、 .多样化句式多样化句式(1)(1)用用it is/was it is/was thatthat强调句强调句式式. .(2)(2)用作状语的介词短语开头的用作状语的介词短语开头的完全倒装完全倒装句或用以句或用以only in this way only in this way 等开头的等开头的部分倒装部分倒装句句. .(3)(3)用用withwith的复合结构的复合结构(with+(with+宾语宾语+ +宾补宾补) )作状语作状语. .(4)(4)用用非谓语动词非谓语动词简化状语从句或并列结构简化状语从句或并列结构. .(5)(5)用用whatwhat引导的名词性从句引导的名词性从句. .(

26、6)(6)用用独立主格独立主格结构结构. .(7)(7)恰当运用恰当运用感叹句感叹句, ,被动句被动句等等. .(8)(8)适当使用适当使用插入语插入语, ,如：如：to be honest, I guess, I think, personally等等. .(9)(9)尽量用尽量用短语短语代替单词来表达同样的意思代替单词来表达同样的意思. .(10)(10)恰当使用关联词语恰当使用关联词语, , 除使用复合句的连词外除使用复合句的连词外, ,写作中经常用到的写作中经常用到的关联词关联词: :举例举例: for example; for instance, such as 等等列举列举: fo

27、r one thingand for another 一来一来,二来二来等等.转折转折: however(然而然而), but(但是但是), after all(毕竟毕竟)等等.总结总结: in a word(总之总之),in brief(总之总之),in conclusion(最后最后)等等.因果因果:thanks to, as a result (of), due to, therefore, so等等.强调强调:indeed(确实确实),certainly(一定一定),above all(尤其尤其)等等.对比对比:in the same way(同样地同样地),just as(正正如如)

28、,compared with(与与相比相比),on the one handand on the other hand一方一方面面,另一方面另一方面.等等.递进递进:then(然后然后),besides(此外此外,还有还有), whats more(而且而且)等等.备考策略备考策略: :1.打好词汇语法基础词汇语法基础2.阅读注意概括要点注意概括要点3.关注社会现象现象和社会热点热点,学会用英语表达想法4.每天一篇一篇作文训练(25分钟)5.积累积累 “万能”句型,写作常用到的正确句型.6.建立词句 “错题集错题集”7.保证卷面整洁美观整洁美观丰富的句式：丰富的句式：( (常用到的句型结构）常

29、用到的句型结构） 利用不同的句型来表达同一个意思， 能增加文章的文采。 e.g. What a kind boy he is! How disappointed he was ! 感叹句感叹句强调句强调句e.g. It was this young boy that helped the old granny. I do hope you can come if possible. e.g. Only in this way can you solve this problem. There comes the police car. Hardly had they got to the st

30、ation when they met the young man.e.g. They read while walking or riding on a bus. Come to me if necessary.e.g. I saw a young lady walking slowly in the street with a handbag in her hand.倒装句倒装句省略句省略句with短语短语 e.g. In my opinion, cyber cafes should be a place where we can find much useful information.

31、 Lets come to the main teaching building, at the back of which stands the school library.定语从句定语从句e.g. Thats what I should do.We should do a favour to whoever needs help at present.各种名词性从句各种名词性从句 e.g. Time passed quickly before we knew it. The moment we reached the farm, we got down to harvesting. So

32、 long as we work harder at our lessons, well catch up sooner or later.各种状语从句各种状语从句1. To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名词性从句）2. Though Im weak, Ill make the effort. (使用倒装句)3. He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(使用强调句型) 4. I passed the

33、 physics exam because of your help.(用虚拟语气）What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.Practice 怎样使用较丰富的句式和高级词汇怎样使用较丰富的句式和高级词汇Weak as I am, Ill make the effort. It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened. I couldnt have passed the physics

34、 exam but for your help. 5. She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (使用过去分词)6. They sang and laughed as they went back to school.( 使用V-ing形式)7.I wont believe what he says. （no matter what状语从句） 8.If you study hard, you will make rapid progress. （祈使句+and）Followed by many students, sh

35、e walked out of the lab.Singing and laughing, they went back to school.No matter what he says, I wont believe. Study hard and youll make rapid progress.9He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. (使用倒装句使用倒装句)10.We all think he is a great man. (think highly of)11.As a result the

36、 plan was a failure. (turn out)12. When he spoke, he felt more and more excited. (the morethe more)No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.We all think highly of him .The plan turned out to be a failure.The more he spoke, the more excited he felt.How to write a good summary o

37、f an article 1.An argumentation : The topic sentences the supporting sentences the writers conclusion summarize them.2.A narrative passage : Get the information of six elements combine them smoothly form a summary.The elements of an argumentation1.a strong statement of opinion. (the topic sentences)

38、2.support for the opinion. (supporting sentences)3. conclusion/suggestions.(the purpose of the passage)Argumentation Methods:1. Find out the topic sentences/ key phrases2. Find out the supporting evidences or facts.3. Find out the words or phrases that appear most frequently.How to summarize an argu

39、mentation well? Getting up early has been regard as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early, we would be energetic the whole day. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all. In fact, morning is the best time of a day.

40、In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the day. If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning,

41、we can build our bodies and become much healthier. Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. However, if we get up late, we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry. Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and

42、 try our best to keep it. If we stick to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit a lot from it.1. A strong statement of opinion. (the key idea):Getting up early /a good habit /of great importance 2. Support for the opinion (supporting sentences) a better memorya better memory a healthi

43、er body a healthier body a better preparation for the day a better preparation for the day3. Conclusion/suggestions.a good habit / benefit a lot/ benefit a lot The passage says getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot. It enables us to have a better memory, healthie

44、r body and better preparation for the day.some set sentence patterns.The passage says/This passage states thatIn the writers opinion,The writer thinks that总结总结Styles（体裁（体裁） Functions（功能）（功能）Narration(记叙文记叙文)describe a person or an event, with afterthoughtsArgumentation(议论文议论文)show the writers point

45、of viewExposition (说明文说明文)introduce something, eg. a phenomenon3 Styles of Passages- 3种常用写作体裁种常用写作体裁体裁体裁关键句关键句记叙文记叙文议论文议论文说明文说明文抓住抓住who, what happened, 及及the writers purpose通常抓住首段和尾段通常抓住首段和尾段抓住首段或各段首句抓住首段或各段首句How to find the key sentences or key words?概括所给短文内容方法：概括所给短文内容方法：找中心句，划关键词找中心句，划关键词 1.1.议论文

46、议论文: :论点，论据结论论点，论据结论2.2.记叙文记叙文: : 主题情节主题情节3.3.说明文说明文: :现象现象+ +原因原因作者的观点作者的观点( (如果文章有如果文章有) )(1)Narration Summary Models (记叙文概要模板记叙文概要模板)(2)Argumentation Summary Models (议论文概要模板议论文概要模板)(3)Exposition Summary Models (说明文概要模板说明文概要模板)Summary Models点明写作目的类：点明写作目的类：The writer tells us(主题主题) by showing us a

47、n example of, who/which(故事情节故事情节).作者经历类：作者经历类：In the passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing sth, which他人经历类：他人经历类：This passage is mainly about sbs experience of doing sth , which Narration (记叙文记叙文) 概要模板概要模板 记叙文记叙文: : 主题情节主题情节 The article gives the view that should / shouldnt (主题

48、主题). (补充论据补充论据) The passage highlights (强调强调) the importance of sth . The author argues that .Argumentation (议论文议论文) 概要模板概要模板 议论文议论文: :论点论点/ /论据结论论据结论 现象揭示类：现象揭示类：This article points out the common phenomenon(现象现象), which.(补充解释补充解释). 利弊对比类：利弊对比类：1)The article compares the disadvantages / benefits of

49、 A and B. Awhile B2)The passage discusses the impact(影响影响)of sth. On the positive side, but it may also 研究显示类：研究显示类：1)The study reveals(揭露揭露) that . 2)The purpose of the report is to show thatExposition (说明文说明文) 概要模板概要模板说明文说明文: :现象现象+ +原因作者的观点原因作者的观点( (如果文章有如果文章有) ) 记叙文的过渡语记叙文的过渡语 ( (引出类似的经历引出类似的经历) ) 1.This story reminds me of another story that happened to 2.This story reminds me of a similar experience of 3.I also went through such an experience. 4.I have a similar experience.摘要后过渡语摘要后过渡语: : 在写完摘要之后在写完摘要之后, ,要有过渡词或要有过渡词或过渡句过渡句, ,才使上下文自然衔接。才使上下文自然衔接。