不定式动名词语法.ppt

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1、Grammar and usage To-infinitive Bare infinitive Verb-ing form as a nounGrammar I to infinitive(不定式)动词不定式的使用动词不定式的使用To do like that To do like that is foolish. is foolish.I want I want to see you. to see you. I am I am to visit you.to visit you.He has lots of work He has lots of work to doto do. .I s

2、tudy hard I study hard to improve to improve EnglishEnglish. . The teacher ask me The teacher ask me to to answer the question.answer the question. 主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补作主语作主语To learn EnglishTo learn English is really is really important nowadaysimportant nowadays.To be a doctor To be a docto

3、r is my dream.is my dream.1.1.学习外语真的很重要。学习外语真的很重要。2. 2. 做一名医生是我的梦想。做一名医生是我的梦想。SubjectSubject 动词不定式和不定式短语做主语时，动词不定式和不定式短语做主语时，常用常用it做形式主语，其句型结构为：做形式主语，其句型结构为：It is +形容词或名词（或词组）形容词或名词（或词组）+不不定式短语定式短语这时的形容词常为这时的形容词常为easy, difficult, hard, good, useful, wrong, right, necessary, impossible, important 等。等

4、。名词或词组常为名词或词组常为a fact, a great day, a great thing, a pity 等。等。Tip:作宾语作宾语Fred didnt have any money, so Fred didnt have any money, so he decided he decided to look for a jobto look for a job. .He promised not to tell anyone about it.1 1. Fred. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。2. 2. 他答应不告诉任何人这事。他答应不告诉

5、任何人这事。ObjectObject Can you give some examples?Can you give some examples?作表语作表语My task is My task is to finish the homeworkto finish the homework. .To see is To see is to believe.to believe.1.1.我的任务是去完成作业。我的任务是去完成作业。2. 2. 眼见为实。眼见为实。PredicativePredicative 作定语作定语Do you have anything Do you have anythi

6、ng to sayto say? ?1. 1. 你有什么要说的吗你有什么要说的吗? ?2. Betty2. Betty是第一个知道这真相的人是第一个知道这真相的人 Betty was the first Betty was the first to know to know the truth.the truth.AttributeAttribute注注1: 1: 不定式做定语时，表示未做。不定式做定语时，表示未做。 I have a very important I have a very important meeting meeting to attendto attend tomorr

7、ow. tomorrow.注注2: 2: 动词不定式用作定语时可以放在一些动词不定式用作定语时可以放在一些名词的后面。如：名词的后面。如： attempt, ability, chance, desire, attempt, ability, chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, determination, decision, effort, failure, intention, need and failure, intention, need and opportunity.opportunity.注注3 3：当名词被序数词修

8、饰时，常用不定：当名词被序数词修饰时，常用不定式作定语式作定语 作状语作状语He spoke loudly He spoke loudly (so as / in order) (so as / in order) to be heardto be heard. .I am happy I am happy to hear the newsto hear the news. .Im too tired Im too tired to walkto walk any further any further tonighttonight.目的状语目的状语.原因状语原因状语.结果状语结果状语Adve

9、rbialAdverbial作宾补作宾补She asked me She asked me to stay thereto stay there. .1. 1. 她叫我呆在这儿。她叫我呆在这儿。2.2.请允许我介绍请允许我介绍Mr. WhiteMr. White给你们。给你们。 Please allow me Please allow me to introduce Mr. to introduce Mr. White to you.White to you.Object complementObject complement II Bare infinitive(不定式符号to的省略)我听到

10、我听到他唱他唱流行歌曲流行歌曲I I heardheard them them sing sing a pop song.a pop song.我看到他们踢足球了我看到他们踢足球了We We watchedwatched them them playplay football . football .他让我擦玻璃他让我擦玻璃He He mademade me me cleanclean the window. the window.A.有些动词后面的不定式有些动词后面的不定式不带不带toto，“5321”5321”如如see, watch, notice, see, watch, notice

11、, observeobserve（五看五看）. . make, have, letmake, have, let（三让三让） hear,listen tohear,listen to（二听二听）feelfeel（一感一感）主动主动省省“to”to”，被动被动加加 “ to”to”注意注意Id rather stay at home instead of watching the film.Youd better tidy your bedroom. Why not visit your cousin in Japan?We use the bare infinitive after： woul

12、d rather, had better, and why not注意注意介词介词butbut，except, except, 表示表示“除了除了”后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词dodo，不定式省，不定式省toto。当主语部分有行为动当主语部分有行为动词词do，不定式做表语省，不定式做表语省to。 “前有前有dodo，后省后省toto” we had nothing to do but/except wait.What I want to do is find some books.注意注意 . . 两个或两个以上的不定式由连词两个或两个以上的不定式由

13、连词andand，oror，butbut，rather than rather than 连接时，第二个连接时，第二个不定式符号不定式符号toto开始，往往省略。开始，往往省略。1.Would you like 1.Would you like to goto go shopping shopping oror watchwatch films. films.2.I decide 2.I decide to workto work rather thanrather than playplay. .3.She told me 3.She told me to listento listen c

14、arefully carefully andand workwork hard hard注意注意 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去不定式常常省去to to 后面后面的动词，只的动词，只保留保留不定式符号不定式符号toto 。A:Would you like to come to my party?A:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike, but Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not I asked

15、 her not to to ( use my bike).( use my bike). B: Yes , Id love B: Yes , Id love to to ( come to your ( come to your party).party).MaryMary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。不定式后动词的省略不定式后动词的省略 动词不定式还可以和动词不定式还可以和what, where, how, when, which等连接代词（副等连接代词（副词）连用，在句中做主语词）连用，在句中做主语,宾语和表宾语和表语，宾补。如：语，宾补。如： 1.如何处理

16、垃圾是个问题。如何处理垃圾是个问题。 _ is a problem. 2.I couldnt decide _. ( (买哪一个买哪一个) )How to deal with the rubbishwhich one to buy疑问词疑问词+to do+to do时态时态/ /语态语态主动主动被动被动一般式一般式to doto doto be doneto be done进行式进行式to be doingto be doing / /完成式完成式to have to have donedoneto have to have been donebeen done不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和

17、语态1.He is said to go to beijing.1.He is said to go to beijing.To do一般表示动作一般表示动作未做未做3. He is said 3. He is said to have studied to have studied abroad for 2 years.abroad for 2 years.2. He is said 2. He is said to be studying abroadto be studying abroad. .To have To have donedone表示动表示动作已经发生作已经发生（发生在谓语

18、（发生在谓语动词之前）动词之前）To be doingTo be doing所所表示的动作表示的动作正在正在进行。进行。 practisepractise 当堂巩固当堂巩固Practise makes perfect1.Andy works hard . -So he does, he is oftenseen _after work. A. playing B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing2.Im thirsty. Would you please give me something_. A. drunk B. to drink C. t

19、o be drunk D. drinking3.-Do you plan to go to Beijing? -Yes, I plan _. A. C. so D. thatB. to4.He gave us some advice on how_ English. A. improving B. improved D. improve C. to improve5.To get a good mark, _. A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs practice C. practice is in need of D. you need a

20、lot of practice非谓语作非谓语作状语状语时，前后两个句时，前后两个句子的子的主语主语必须必须一致一致。 高考真题体验高考真题体验1.He told us whether _a 1.He told us whether _a picnic was still under picnic was still under discussion.(09discussion.(09四川卷四川卷) ) B. having B. having C.have D. had C.have D. had2.-can I smoke here?2.-can I smoke here? - -S Sorr

21、y.we donorry.we dont allow_here.t allow_here.(O7(O7江苏卷江苏卷) )A . people smoking B.to smokeA . people smoking B.to smokeC. people smoke C. people smoke A.to haveD.smoking3.Many buildings in the city need 3.Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _first is repairing, but the one _first i

22、s the library.the library.（20102010重庆卷）重庆卷）A.A.repairedrepaired B. being repaired B. being repairedC. repairing C. repairing D. to be repairedD. to be repaired4.The experiment shows that proper 4.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _amounts of exercise, if _ regularly, can impro

23、ve our health. regularly, can improve our health. (2010(2010浙江卷浙江卷) )A Abeing carried out B.carrying out being carried out B.carrying out C Ccarried out Dcarried out Dto carry outto carry out 5. I had great difficultyI had great difficulty the the suitable food on the menu in suitable food on the me

24、nu in that restaurant.that restaurant.（20102010上海）上海） A. find B. found A. find B. found C. to find D. finding C. to find D. finding6.That is the only way we can 6.That is the only way we can imagine imagine the overuse of the overuse of water in students bathrooms. water in students bathrooms. (2010

25、(2010上海卷上海卷) )A. reducing B. to reduce A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduceC. reduced D. reduce7 7. There were many talented actors There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.out there just waiting _.（1010江西卷）江西卷）A to discover B to be discovered A to discover B to be discovere

26、d C discovered D being discoveredC discovered D being discovered8.We were astonished8.We were astonished the the temple still in its original temple still in its original condition .condition .（20102010辽宁卷）辽宁卷）A finding B. to find A finding B. to find C. find D.to be foundC. find D.to be found 9. Al

27、exander tried to get his Alexander tried to get his work_work_ in the medical circles. in the medical circles. (2010(2010辽宁卷辽宁卷) )A. to recognize B. recognizing A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognizedC. recognize D. recognized10.10. His first book His first book next month next mon

28、th is based on a true story.is based on a true story.（1010陕西）陕西） A. published B. to be published A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being publishedC. to publish D. being publishedFinish the Thank-you letter from Sarah to Laura by filling in the blanks. Keys: (1) to thank (2) to apologi

29、ze (3) to have (4) e-mail (5) to receive (6) to go (7) watch (8) borrow (9) visit (10) to try (11) to see (12) come III Verb-ing form as a nounVerb-ing form as a noun Verb-ing form used as the subject of a sentenceeg. Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。产卵是蚁后的专职工作。 It is no use a

30、rguing with him. 与他争辩没用。与他争辩没用。 Swimming is good for your health. 游泳对你身体有好处。游泳对你身体有好处。 Verb-ing form used as the object of a sentenceeg. I love swimming. 我喜欢游泳。我喜欢游泳。 He has finished writing the composition. 他已经写好了作文。他已经写好了作文。 He is fond of playing football. 他喜欢踢足球。他喜欢踢足球。Situations Verb-ing forms a

31、re usedWe use Verb-ing (not a infinitive), after the following words:admit dislike imagine delay consider mind understand avoid enjoy practise miss finish keep suggestcannot helpI cannot help wondering why she does not like me.look forward toI look forward to seeing you at the party.feel likeI dont

32、feel like doing anything now.Common phrases used with Verb-ing forms:cannot standShe cannot stand seeing that boy.It is no use/goodIt is no use crying about your exam results now.put offI had to put off shopping for a while.keep onHe kept on asking me for my phone number.We can use a verb-ing or an

33、infinitive after the following verbs with little difference in meaning but sometimes with some difference in meaning or usage such as:continue prefer begin hate like start love (little difference)forget regret remember mean try go on (with some difference) Following verbs can be followed by a verb-i

34、ng form or a to-infinitive, but with some differences in meaning or usage. regret to do: 抱歉要做某事抱歉要做某事 regret doing: 后悔做了某事后悔做了某事 eg. I regret to tell you that you are fired. 我抱歉地告诉你你被解雇了。我抱歉地告诉你你被解雇了。 I regret telling him the truth. 我后悔告诉他真相。我后悔告诉他真相。 forget to do: 忘记去做某事忘记去做某事 forget doing: 忘记做了某事忘

35、记做了某事 eg. He forgot to close the door when he left. 他离开时忘了关门了。他离开时忘了关门了。 I will never forget winning my first gold medal. 我永远忘不了我第一次获得金牌我永远忘不了我第一次获得金牌 的情况。的情况。 remember to do: 记得记得要去做要去做某事某事 remember doing: 记记得做过了某事得做过了某事 eg. Remember to post the letter for me on your way to work, OK? 在你上班的路上记得帮我把信寄

36、了，在你上班的路上记得帮我把信寄了， 好吗？好吗？ I remember seeing this man somewhere. 我记得在哪儿见过这个人。我记得在哪儿见过这个人。 mean to do: 打打算去做算去做某事某事 mean doing: 意味着做某事意味着做某事 eg. I mean to come earlier today. 我今天打算早点来。我今天打算早点来。 Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 错过这列火车意味着又要等一个错过这列火车意味着又要等一个 小时小时。 try to do: 努力做某事努力做某事 t

37、ry doing：尝试做某事：尝试做某事 eg. She tried to finish the work as quickly as she can. 她努力地要尽快完成这项工作。她努力地要尽快完成这项工作。 I tried doing the exercise in a different way.stop to do: 停下来做某事停下来做某事 stop doing: 停止做某事停止做某事eg. The workers stopped to have a rest. 工人们停下来休息。工人们停下来休息。 The workers stopped working and have a res

38、t. 工人们停止了手中的活，休息一工人们停止了手中的活，休息一 下。下。 go on to do: 继续做另一件事继续做另一件事 go on doing: 继续做同一件事继续做同一件事eg. After doing the cooking, mother went on to do some washing.饭做好后，妈妈又继续洗衣服了。饭做好后，妈妈又继续洗衣服了。The workers went on working after a short rest.短暂的休息后，工人们又开始干活短暂的休息后，工人们又开始干活了。了。 Verb-ing form used as the predica

39、te of a sentence eg. Her job is teaching. 她的工作是教学。她的工作是教学。 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。眼见为实。 Verb-ing form used as the attribute of a sentence eg. There is a shoe in the swimming pool. 游泳池内有一只鞋。游泳池内有一只鞋。 He is in the reading room. 他在阅览室里。他在阅览室里。 Answers to the e-mail:1. visiting/ to visit 2. chatting3

40、. visiting 4. pretending5. chatting/ to chat 6. stop7. chatting 8. to do9. Pass 10 .making 高考链接高考链接 - Can I smoke here? - Sorry. We dont allow _ here. （2007江苏）江苏） A. people smokingB. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. we often have regretted - his advice! （2007

41、安安徽）徽） A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking 高考链接高考链接 高考链接高考链接It remains_ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals. (2006浙江浙江) A. seenB. to be seen C. seeingD. to seeMary, _ hereeverybody else, stay where you are. (2006全国全国I) A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming高考链接高考链接Is it

42、 time you got down to _ the papers? (2006重庆）重庆） A. markB. be marked C. being marked D. marking Test yourself Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one. A. to doB. doing C. withD. to be doing She didnt remember_ him before. A. having metB. have met C. to meetD. to having met Test yo

43、urself I can hardly imagine Peter_ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sailB. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed - You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. - Well, now I regret _ that. A. to doB. to be doing C. to have doneD. having done Test yourself翻译下列句子。翻译下列句子。（1）要学好一门外

44、语是不容易的。）要学好一门外语是不容易的。 Its not easy to learn a foreign language well.（3）女士们，先生们，我有一些重要的事情要）女士们，先生们，我有一些重要的事情要告诉你们。告诉你们。 Ladies and gentlemen, I have something important to tell you. （4）母亲轻轻地走了进来，以免惊醒）母亲轻轻地走了进来，以免惊醒 儿子。儿子。 Mother came in quietly so as not to wake the sleeping boy.（5）我叫小李给你修收音机。）我叫小李给你修收音机。 Ill have Xiao Li repair the radio for you.Test yourself