8下Unit4+grammar.ppt

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1、Unit 4 A good readGrammarGrammar1.学会正确使用学会正确使用“特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+动词动词不定式不定式”的结构。的结构。2.学会正确使用学会正确使用must和和have to。GuessLets look at two sentences from Reading.1.One of these small men began talking to me, but I could not understand him. I did not know what to say either.2. I did not know how to get away.Conc

2、lusion: We can use a question word with to-infinitive after a verb. Andy doesnt know _.what to wearLook at the pictures and fill in blanks by using “a question word with a to-infinitive”.They dont know _ to the station.how to goI dont know _books from a library.how to borrowUsing question words + to

3、-infinitivesWe can use a question word with to-infinitive after a verb.Millie has decided what to read.Daniel did not say who to talk to about this book.Simon forgot when to meet his friends.Kitty cannot decide which to choose first.Sandy is wondering where to ask for help.Amy does not know how to w

4、rite the report. What question words can we use?whatwhowhenwhichwherehowWe can not use “why+ to-infinitive”!Suzy will explain why to recommend this book.Suzy will explain why she recommends this book.Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the bookshop? = Excuse me. Can you tell me how I can get to

5、 the bookshop?总结：总结：“疑问词疑问词 + 动词不定式动词不定式”作宾语作宾语时，相当于一个由该疑问词引导的宾语从时，相当于一个由该疑问词引导的宾语从句。句。注意：注意：所有疑问词中，只有所有疑问词中，只有why不可以与动词不不可以与动词不定式连用。定式连用。Fill in the blanks with how, which, what, when, where, who 各用一次各用一次1) When I get into the clothes shop, I always cant decide _to buy.2) I havent decided _ to answ

6、er this question.3) I will tell Lucy _and _to meet.4)-Will you please show me_to drive a car? -Yes, of course. Now let me tell you _ to do first.whichwhowhenwherehowwhat1.We can use a verb and an object before a question word with a to-infinitive.We can use these verbs:1.1.老师告诉学生下一步做什么。老师告诉学生下一步做什么。

7、The teacher _ _ _ _ _ _ next. 2.2.你能给我演示怎样做一只纸船吗？你能给我演示怎样做一只纸船吗？ Can you _ _ _ _ _ a paper boat? Practice:told the students whatto doshow me how to make 2.We can use a noun after what, which, whose, how many and how much.They are discussing which colour to paint the walls.You can ask your parents ho

8、w much money to take with you.Practice:我不知道选哪个题目。我不知道选哪个题目。I dont know _ _ _ _. which topic to choose 3.We can also use an adjective like sure or clear before a question word.Suzy was not sure who to ask for help.Are you clear when to meet at the gate tomorrow?Practice:我不确定走哪条路。我不确定走哪条路。I am not sur

9、e _ _ _ _. which way to takeP.S.“疑问词疑问词 + 动词不定式动词不定式”结构在句中结构在句中还还可以作主语和表语。可以作主语和表语。How to use the machine is a question. （作主语）（作主语）The question is when to go there. （作表语）（作表语）Finish exercises on Page 55.1. which to read2. where to find3. how to travel4. when to hand in5. what to write about6. who to

10、 ask forUsing must and have to Lets look at some school rules:1.We must wear school uniforms.2.We must get to school on time.3.We must keep quiet in the school library.4.We mustnt throw rubbish on the ground.5.We mustnt pick the flowers in the garden. (Can you think out more school rules?)Conclusion

11、: We use must when the speaker feels that something is necessary. We use must not to say that something is not allowed.A: If youre ill and the doctor asks you to stay at home, what will you have to do?B: Ill have to ask for leave and stay at home.A: Do you have to go to school at weekends?B: No, we

12、dont have to/ do not have to.Conclusion: We use have to when the situation makes something necessary. We use do not have to to say that its not necessary to do something.你必须在十点之前回来你必须在十点之前回来. .You must be back before ten oclock.I have to stop smoking because I am ill.因为生病了，我不得不戒烟因为生病了，我不得不戒烟. .总结：总结

13、：must侧重于说话人的主观意志，侧重于说话人的主观意志，“必必须须” have to 侧重于客观的需要，侧重于客观的需要，“不得不得不不”。He has to say it in English. He must say it in English.(I want him to do it.)(Because he doesnt know Chinese.)Translate two sentences:注意：注意：must的否定形式是的否定形式是must not，其缩写，其缩写为为mustnt，表示禁止，意思是，表示禁止，意思是“不能，不不能，不许许”。have to的否定形式是的否定形式

14、是do not have to，其缩写，其缩写为为dont have to。上课时你们不许吵闹。上课时你们不许吵闹。You _ make any noise in class.你们不必浇花了，因为要下雨了。你们不必浇花了，因为要下雨了。You _ water the flowers, because it is going to rain.mustnt/must notdo not have to/dont have to1.我必须努力学习功课。我必须努力学习功课。(主观意愿）主观意愿）I _ work hard at my lessons. 2.我得在家照看妈妈，因为她病了。我得在家照看妈妈

15、，因为她病了。(客观需客观需要）要）I _ look after mother at home, because she is ill. 3.天快黑了。他现在得回家了。天快黑了。他现在得回家了。(客观需要）客观需要）It is getting dark. He _ go home now.Practice:musthave tohas to注意：注意：have to 有各种形式：有各种形式：has to/had to/will have to/ have/has got to ; 而而must没有。没有。Finish exercises on Page 56.mustmustmustntmus

16、tntmusthave todont have to翻译下列句子。翻译下列句子。1. Have you decided _ _ (怎样度假怎样度假)?2. I dont know _ (在会上说什么在会上说什么).3. Can you tell me _ (在哪里能买到这本书在哪里能买到这本书)? your holidayhow to spendwhat to say at the meetingwhere to buy this book4. Drivers _ (必须系必须系 安全带安全带) while their cars are running on the road.5. _ (必须必须) I finish my homework now? No, _ (你没必要你没必要). Your work is over today. Mustyou dont have to/ needntmust wear seat belts