中考阅读理解题型及解题技巧分析.pptx

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1、新乐初中 Zhang DongjuLawyer, Beeeemer and Arm A lawyer opened the door of his BMW(宝马), when suddenly a car came along and hit the door, ripping it off completely. When the police arrived at the scene（现场）, the lawyer was complaining bitterly about the damage to his precious BMW. “Officer, look what theyv

2、e done to my Beeeemer!”, he whined（哀怨地说）. “You lawyers are so materialistic（物质至上）, you make me sick! retorted the officer, Youre so worried about your stupid BMW, that you didnt even notice that your left arm was ripped off! “Oh my gaaad，” replied the lawyer， noticing the bloody left shoulder where

3、his arm once was， Wheres my Rolex（劳力士手表）?“titlewhowhenwhatwhere链接词who, what, when, where , why, but, however等1. 审视标题，了解文章主要内容。2. 快速浏览全文，掌握大意。3. 细读文后的题目（问题和选项），抓住关键词。4. 细读文章，掌握短文细节（5个W及转折 词: ）。5. 初选答案。6. 复读全文，核对答案。阅读解题步骤： 细节理解题目的：考查对文章的细节和事实的理解。共同特点：1.凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。2.干扰项往往是

4、主题思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。解题方法：1. 在文章中找出与题目（问题和答案）关键词相应的信息点；2. 排除干扰项。3. 细节理解题的提问顺序一般和文章的结构一致，文章中先出现的先提问，后出现的后提问。细节理解题的命题方式：1.According to the passage, when (where, why ,how, who , what, etc.)2.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?3.What is the example ofas described in the pas

5、sage?4.The author mentions all of the following EXCEPT5. Which of the following is NOT true? Many years ago，there lived a very rich man who wanted to do something for the people of his town. But first he wanted to find out whether they were good enough to get his help. So he placed a very large ston

6、e in the center of the main road into town. Then he hid behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow. “Who put this stone in the center of the road?” said the old man，but he did not try to move the stone away. Instead，he passed around the stone and continued on his way. Another

7、man came along and did the same thing; then another came，and another. All of them complained about the stone in the center of the road，but none of them tried to move it away.Late in the afternoon, a young man came along. He saw the stone and said, “It will be very dark at night. Some people will com

8、e along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.” The young man then began to move the stone. He pulled with all his strength to move it to one side. But imagine his surprise when he found a bag full of money and this message under the stone: “This money is for the thoughtful person who ta

9、kes this stone away from the road. Thank you.” （2014绵阳中考）37. Why did the rich man put a large stone on the road? A. To make life harder for the people of his town. B. To find out the strongest man in his town. C. To stop people from getting into his town. D. To find the right person to receive his h

10、elp.D 词义猜测题目的：考查学生对文章中生词的理解。障碍：1.被已认识的单词的某一熟知含义误导； 2.被完全不认识的单词的意思所阻碍。 推测生词含义有两种解题方法：1.通过词根词缀推测生词含义通过词根词缀推测生词含义：一般前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。例：词根act v.做(词根)-active adj.积极的，活跃的；care n.小心（词根）-careful adj. 小心的前缀un-不unhappy(不高兴的)；re-又，再，重新replay(重放)；dis-否定，除去disorder(杂乱，无秩序)2.通过上下文推测生词的含义通过上下文推测生词的含义：同义法，反义法，逻辑法和常识法。

11、（1）同义法 -利用解释推测单词的意思。如：He played a love game(a game in which his score is 0). 可猜测a love game 意为“一方得零分的比赛”。（2）反义法如在阅读过程中，有表示转折的词but , though , however和表示对比关系的词或表达unlike, different from, on the contrary 等出现，那就表明这些词语的前后是两个完全相反的概念。如： Unlike her pesky sister, Joan is a lovely girl.可猜测pesky意为“讨厌的”.（3）逻辑法利用

12、句子间的类比、因果、递进等逻辑关系推测生词的含义的方法。表示类比的词或表达有similarly, in the same way 等，表示因果关系的词或表达有as a result, therefore, because, due to, in order to等，表示递进关系的词或表达有and then, even, in fact 等。如：Water is added to the liquid in order to dilute it.可猜测dilute意为“冲淡，稀释”（4）常识法利用科普知识和生活常识推测生词含义的方法。如：T he snake slithered through

13、the grass. 根据蛇的生活习性的知识，我们推断出slither意为“爬行”。 Akuapem is in the eastern part of Ghana. The sun there shines all the time. The local people are very friendly and hospitable(好客的). Now lets have a look at how Akuapem people receive a visitor. A visitor is often welcomed warmly in a family of Akuapem. Afte

14、r the visitor is welcomed into the house, he is offered a seat and water at the very beginning, because the host assumes that the visitor must have come from a very long journey and need water. If there is a group of visitors, the host will greet the visitors from right to left. And the host shakes

15、only with his right hand, because Akuapem people think the left hand is not clean. Next, the visitor is asked how his journey was and why he has come. While the conversation is going on, the wife and the children, especially girls, are preparing food for the visitor. The visitor can choose his favor

16、ite food. After the visitor finishes eating, the host and the visitor go on with their conversation. Usually this is short one because the visitor is getting ready to say goodbye. When the visitor is leaving, he is often given some food. He is also accompanied(陪伴) by one of the children to the neare

17、st station. The child who accompanies the visitor will not come back home until the visitor leaves safely. Whether he is a close friend or just a stranger, this is always how friendly Akuapem people receive a visitor. （2014陕西中考）50. The underlined word “assumes” here probably means “ _ ”.A. thinks B.

18、 remembers . C. disagrees D. followsA 推理判断题目的：考查对短文的结论、隐含意义、作者的倾向、写作的思路及目的的理解。题型及解题方法：1.事实推断。这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。解题首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要理解字里行间的意思。2. 指代推断。确定代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。解题要确定指代所指代的对象，关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，可以看词的单复数形式前后是否一致。3.逻辑推断。这类题往往根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。 命题方

19、式：1.We can infer from the passage that_.2. It can be inferred from the passage that_.3. The passage/story/author/paragraph implies that _.4. The author strongly suggests that_.5. What do you think would happen (to ) at the end of the story?News ReviewNews ReviewHead-on Train Crash On May18, two trai

20、ns had a head-on crash(相撞) near New York City. Over 250 people were on the trains then. About 60 people were hurt, but no deaths were reported.Travel Time Tourists came together to the Taishan Mountain, on May 1. Over180,000 tourists visited the place of great interest from April 29 to May1, during

21、the three-day holiday.Brave Volunteer Liao Zhi, a dance teacher from Chengdu who lost her 1-year-old daughter and her legs in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, arrived in Yaan 13 hours after the earthquake. The dancer said she had had a terrible time herself and knew what people needed most, so she deci

22、ded to come and offer help.Tomato Competition A tomato competition was held in Huainan, Anhui Province, on April 16. The best tomatoes were chosen according to their shape, color and taste. The competition hoped to encourage the farmers to grow better tomatoes. （2013年重庆中考）55. A lot of people visited

23、 the Taishan Mountain_.A . 13 hours after the earthquake B. On May18C. During the May Day holiday D. On April 16C 主旨大意题目的：考查对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在逻辑关系的理解。方法和技巧：1. 分清主次，抓住主干，找出主题句中的主题词。一般出现在末段或文章的开头部分。特征: (1)概括全段思想。(2)一般位于段首、段尾或段中，通常是用单词、短语表达的。2.理清层次关系，选出最佳标题。标题多为一个名词词组，短小明了，涵盖性强。常见的命题形式：1. Which i

24、s the best title of the passage?2. This passage mainly talks about_.B Language students often think they have memory problems. They worry because they cant remember words. In fact, the problem usually isnt with their memory. The problem is with how they study. To remember words better, you need to u

25、nderstand how memory works. There are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. When you see, hear, or read something, it goes first into short-term memory. But short-term memory lasts for only a few seconds. You will only remember something longer if it goes into long-term memory. Your long-te

26、rm memory is like a very big library with many, many books. And like a library, its organized (有条理的). When you put away a book or memory you cant just leave it anywhere. You have to choose a place where you can find it again. How can you do this with vocabulary? The answer is to work with the word a

27、nd think about the word in new ways. You can do this by writing new sentences that include it. Even better, you can invent a little story about the word, with people or places that you know. Another way is to make a picture in your mind with the word. For example, if the word is height, you can thin

28、k of the tallest person you know and try to guess his or her h eight. All of these activities are good ways to think about words. They make the meaning of words stronger in your long-term memory. And they give a way to find a word when you need it. （2015年佛山中考）50. This passage mainly tells us about _

29、.A.language students problems in study B. how to make the meaning of words strongerC. short-term and long-term memory D. how to improve ways to remember wordsD即学即用 According to a recent report, kids in primary school spend about six hours every week doing their homework. So kids hate homework. Howev

30、er, their parents hate homework, too. Is it good for kids to do homework? Of course, a great number of researches do show that kids can remember what they have learnt in class better by finishing their homework on time and homework itself plays an important role in developing their learning shills,

31、such as independent thinking and creativity. But for parents, the result is not the same. After a day of hard work, most of them feel like theyre going through school a second time when they sit down with their children each night to help with their homework. And a recent survey found that 46 percen

32、t of parents feel like they dont spend enough quality time with their children, because they spend too much time doing the housework or helping with homework. And another 29 percent of parents have arguments with their kids often when they have different answers to the same question. Now several edu

33、cation scientists strongly advise parents to stop helping. They say it will give their kids more independence and give parents back their free time. At the same time, the number of homework connected arguments will be less at home. Katy Smith, an education scientist, says, “ You dont have to know ev

34、erything. Children need to put their hands up for help and so do parents. Use your resources online teachers, or even your neighborhood just ask.” （2015绵阳中考题）46.How long do the kids spend doing homework? A. About six hours a day. B. About six hours a week. C. About six hours a month D. About six hou

35、rs a year47. What do we know from the researches mentioned in Paragraph 2 ? A. Homework improves learning skills. B. Both parents and kids hate homework. C. Kids love doing homework by themselves. D. Parents enjoy sitting down helping their kids.48. When they are helping their kids, most parents fee

36、l _ . A. they are at work again B. they are school students again C. they are teachers of their kids. D. they are not as good as their kids.49. Why do some parents argue with their kids? A. Their kids dont finish homework on time. B. Their kids dont like to do their homework. C. Their kids dont work out the correct answers. D. Their kids dont agree with them on the answers.50. Whats Katy Smiths advice for the parents? A. Ask kids to finish everything at school. B. Review everything they learn at school. C. Look for professional help for their kids. D. Leave the kids alone with their homework.