2021北京职称英语考试模拟卷.docx

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1、2021北京职称英语考试模拟卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.The American Family In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are _ (51) enough, they take part as well. Foreigners are often surprised by the permi

2、ssiveness (宽容) of American parents. The old rule that “children should be seen and not heard” is rarely _ (52), and children are often allowed to do _ (53) they wish without strict control of their parents. The father seldom expects his children to listen to him _ (54) question, and children are enc

3、ouraged to be _ (55) at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom _ (56) far. Others think that a strong father image would not _ (57) the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expec

4、ted to _ (58) their parental families by the time they have _ (59) their late teens or early twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a _ (60), a kind of weak dependence. This pattern of independence often results in serious _ (61) for the aging parents of a small family. The average Amer

5、ican is expected to live _ (62) the age of 70. The job-retirement age is _ (63) 65. The children have left home, married, and _ (64) their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes. _ (65) the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic

6、. They feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family group.AdependentB independentC sureDsecure 2.第三篇 “Salty” Rice Plant Boosts HarvestsBritish scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enab

7、le abandoned farms to become productive once more.Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex Universitys School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, f

8、unded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice.It is estimated that each year more than 100 hectares (公顷) of agricultural land are lost be

9、cause salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长)plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop,

10、allowing sea water to seep (渗透) in. in Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind.Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing u

11、p the water they need to survive.To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take

12、 about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then b

13、e able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.The attitude of the author towards the research project isApositiveBnegative.CsuspiciousDindifferent. 3.Robots 1 The most sophisticated(先进的)Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds,

14、are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe. 2 Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses a

15、re for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components. 3 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers n

16、ow have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively. 4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job. 5 It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots.

17、 This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan. 6 The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F. or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalen

18、t to working 18 hours a day for two years.) One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample. 7 The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they

19、 increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored. A Ongoing Research B Extension of Use C Robot Heroes D Greater Reliability E Falling Demand F Hidden Danger 23.Paragraph 2 _ 24. Paragraph 3 _ 25. Paragraph 5 _

20、26. Paragraph 6 _ 27. Even the most sophisticated Japanese robots are _. 28. Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because _. 29. One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume _. 30. The use of robots increases _. A too much energy B based on American designs C they are too costly

21、D they are not reliable E quality control F free of charge 4.The Threat to Kiribati The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth- literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by

22、 a sudden high tide. These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. “This never happened before,” say the older citizens of Kiribati. What is causing these mysterious high tides The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil an

23、d coal are being burned, pollutants (污染物)are released; these pollutants trap heat in the earths atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川 )and polar (极地的) ice caps. If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer, Bang

24、ladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The coral (珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fate they would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyones loss. Coral formations are home t

25、o more species than any other place on earth. The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They dont have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over th

26、e pollutants, which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.Some industrialized countries are unwilling to spend money in reducing pollution.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned 5.Th

27、e American Family In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are _ (51) enough, they take part as well. Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness (宽容) of American parents. The old rule that “children should be seen and not heard”

28、 is rarely _ (52), and children are often allowed to do _ (53) they wish without strict control of their parents. The father seldom expects his children to listen to him _ (54) question, and children are encouraged to be _ (55) at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this fr

29、eedom _ (56) far. Others think that a strong father image would not _ (57) the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to _ (58) their parental families by the time they have _ (59) their late teens or early

30、twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a _ (60), a kind of weak dependence. This pattern of independence often results in serious _ (61) for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is expected to live _ (62) the age of 70. The job-retirement age is _ (63) 65. The child

31、ren have left home, married, and _ (64) their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes. _ (65) the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic. They feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family group.A tooBalmo

32、stCnearlyD so 6.Robots 1 The most sophisticated(先进的)Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe

33、. 2 Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components. 3 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever sinc

34、e. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively. 4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 tim

35、es more energy than a human to do an equivalent job. 5 It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan. 6 The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.

36、F. or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years.) One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure

37、of just testing a small sample. 7 The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored. A Ongoing Research B Extension of Us

38、e C Robot Heroes D Greater Reliability E Falling Demand F Hidden Danger 23.Paragraph 2 _ 24. Paragraph 3 _ 25. Paragraph 5 _ 26. Paragraph 6 _ 27. Even the most sophisticated Japanese robots are _. 28. Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because _. 29. One disadvantage of using robots is

39、 that they consume _. 30. The use of robots increases _. A too much energy B based on American designs C they are too costly D they are not reliable E quality control F free of charge 7.The American Family In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the

40、children are _ (51) enough, they take part as well. Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness (宽容) of American parents. The old rule that “children should be seen and not heard” is rarely _ (52), and children are often allowed to do _ (53) they wish without strict control of their parents

41、. The father seldom expects his children to listen to him _ (54) question, and children are encouraged to be _ (55) at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom _ (56) far. Others think that a strong father image would not _ (57) the American values of equality and i

42、ndependence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to _ (58) their parental families by the time they have _ (59) their late teens or early twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a _ (60), a kind of weak dependence. This pattern of indepen

43、dence often results in serious _ (61) for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is expected to live _ (62) the age of 70. The job-retirement age is _ (63) 65. The children have left home, married, and _ (64) their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not h

44、ave enough retirement incomes. _ (65) the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic. They feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family group.AgainBwelcomeCsuitDestimate 8.Robots 1 The most sophisticated(先进的)Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at v

45、ery high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe. 2 Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their

46、 commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components. 3 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively. 4 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energ