2021天津同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试模拟卷（5）.docx

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1、2021天津同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试模拟卷（5）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.关节结核的早期X线主要表现是A以骨质增生为主B骨质增生与破坏并存C以骨破坏为主D局限性脱钙E关节间隙消失2.男，35岁，消瘦、乏力、怕热、手颤2个月，夜间突然出现双下肢软瘫，急诊查：神志清，血压140/80mmHg，心率108次/分，律齐，甲状腺轻度增大、无血管杂音。导致患者双下肢软瘫的直接原因可能是A脑栓塞B运动神经元病C重症肌无力D呼吸性碱中毒E血钾异常3.关于高血压病的治疗，下列哪项

2、不正确A对高危、极高危组强调长期服药的原则B收缩压下降1020mmHg，心血管事件可减少38C降压同时要给抗血小板或抗凝药物D老年纯收缩期性高血压目标值略有不同E血压160/100mmHg时，多数需联合两种以上降压药方能起效4.红细胞发生叠连后，红细胞的变化是A表面积与容积的比值增大B变形能力增大C渗透脆性增大D血沉加快E比重增高5.肺大细胞癌（）A中央型多见B周围型多见C弥漫型多见D由嗜银细胞发生E在肺癌中最为常见6.参与乳糖操纵子正性调控的蛋白因子是（）A辅阻遏蛋白B操纵基因CCAPD阻遏蛋白E启动子7.男性37岁，右腰部钝器击伤1小时，面色苍白，脉搏细弱110次/分，血压70/50mmH

3、g。右肾区较左侧饱满，触痛，腹部平软，无压痛、反跳痛及肌紧张，移动性浊音()，肠鸣音正常，导尿引流出黄色澄清尿液约200ml。经快速静脉输液1000ml，输血800ml，病情无改善，血压继续下降。该患者的损伤为A肝破裂B肾挫伤C肾部分裂伤D肾全层裂伤E肾蒂断裂8.男性，47岁，慢性腹泻、脓血便7年，临床诊断为慢性溃疡性结肠炎，符合患者肠道病变的描述是A炎性息肉形成B假膜性炎C肉芽肿性炎D瘘管形成E炎性假瘤形成9.在细胞信号传导上，不同细胞对同一种第二信使产生不同的反应，其解释是A受体不同BG蛋白不同C膜脂种类不同D磷酸二酯酶不同E参与级联反应的酶不同10.肾性高血压（）A细动脉壁玻璃样变B细动

4、脉壁纤维素样坏死C两者均有D两者均无11.女性，50岁，发现背部肿瘤5年，生长缓慢。检查时，肿瘤直径约5cm大小，可活动，境界清楚。手术切除，肿瘤呈淡黄色，分叶状，包膜完整，质地较软。此结节最可能是A纤维瘤B血管瘤C平滑肌瘤D脂肪瘤E滑膜瘤12.HIV基因编码（）A反转录酶B蛋白酶C两者均是D两者均非13.肠伤寒（）A可合并肠急性穿孔B可合并肠大出血C两者均有D两者均无14.肺腺癌（）A中央型多见B周围型多见C弥漫型多见D由嗜银细胞发生E在肺癌中最为常见15.与辅阻遏物结合后才与操纵基因结合的成分是（）A辅阻遏蛋白B操纵基因CCAPD阻遏蛋白E启动子16.恶性高血压（）A细动脉壁玻璃样变B细动

5、脉壁纤维素样坏死C两者均有D两者均无17.HIV基因编码（）A反转录酶B蛋白酶C两者均是D两者均非18.细菌性痢疾（）A可合并肠急性穿孔B可合并肠大出血C两者均有D两者均无19.Woman: What a pleasant surprise! Last week we bumped into each other here too!Man: You and I must share the idea that the only way to beat the crowds when you do weekend shopping is to be here at the morning ope

6、ning hour.Question: What does the man implyAThere is a far bigger crowd in the shop on weekdays.BYou can get bargains when you do shopping at opening hour on weekends.CYou can avoid the crowd when you do shopping at an earlier hour on weekends.DAt opening hour on weekends the shop is usually swamped

7、 with peopl 20.Man: I am supposed to meet Jenny this morning. I did write down her address on a sheet of paper, but now it has completely slipped from my mind where I put it.Woman: Dont worry. I will be seeing her at her place soon.Question: What does the woman meanAIt is very easy to find Jennys pl

8、ace.BShe knows Jenny very well.CShe can tell the man Jennys address.DShe is going to Jennys home soon, so the man can go with her. 21.Woman: Its your own fault. You shouldnt let anyone in unless you are expecting him.Man: Its all very well to say that, but someone comes to the door saying electricit

9、y or gas while presenting you a card, and you automatically think he is OK.Question: What does the woman meanAIts her fault to let in the stranger without the slightest suspicion.BThe mans blame on her isnt fair.CShe is credulous and ready to believe anything people tell her.DIt is easier said than

10、don 22.The world is full of new horrors and theres no place to hide. Who says so Disaster psychologists, for a start. They are the people who take in the big picture of our collective reactions to human-created disaster, the ways these reactions are caused, and our coping mechanisms. And research in

11、to disaster psychology is growing fast. Among the big issues being addressed by these researchers are understanding the terrorists weapons, assessing the full impact of terrorism-and, crucially, working out which psychological approaches actually work. Its a deeply controversial area. Take the work

12、of Dennis Embry as an example. He argues that we have overlooked the obvious: the purpose of terrorism is to create terror. This works best if the very symbols of everyday life become conditioned fear and anxiety stimulant. The top targets will be the most symbolic of a nations daily life, preferabl

13、y served up for prime-time television. Crashing planes from United and American Airlines into the Twin Towers and the Pentagon met those objectives all too perfectly. After the attacks, people stopped flying. Why Not because they had made a rational risk assessment but because the mere thought of fl

14、ying made their palms sweat. From terrorism to rail crashes, counseling and debriefing (盘问) are the standard response to help those caught up in disasters. But there are growing doubts about their effectiveness. What might be going wrong Debriefing focuses on getting people to talk through the traum

15、a (损伤) and its emotional consequences soon after the incident. Could it be that some people are better by distancing themselves from what happened, rather than retelling it If disaster psychologists want to find better ways to help, theyll have to win the race between our understanding of human psyc

16、hology and the terrorists.Disaster psychology refers to the study of how to _Aavoid human-created disastersBcope with human reactions to disastersCreduce the worst natural disastersDprevent growing terrorism 23.Many Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surro

17、unding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe, the streets would be littered with people lying here and there

18、. Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plants weight is made up of natural pesticide (杀虫剂). Says he. Since plants do not have jaws or

19、teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare. And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens-a substance that can cause cancer. Mushrooms (蘑菇) might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that appl

20、y to food additives (添加剂). Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Cornell University: Weve got far worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made. Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have eve

21、ry reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people will withstand

22、the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink. To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection prog

23、ram and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to select and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exis

24、t all along the food-supply chain, from fields to processing plants to kitchens.What does the author think of the Americans view of their foodAThey overlook the risks of the food they eat.BThey overestimate the hazards of their food.CThey are overoptimistic about the safety of their food.DThey overs

25、tate the governments interference with the food industry. 24.As the global village continues to shrink and cultures collide, it is essential for all of us to become more sensitive, more aware of, and more observant to the body language (motions/gestures) that surround us each day. And as many of us

26、cross over cultural borders, it would be fitting for us to respect, learn, and understand more about the effective and powerful silent language of gestures. Without gestures, our world would be static and colorless. The social anthropologists, Edward T. Hall claims 60 percent of all our communicatio

27、n is nonverbal. In that case, how can we possibly communicate with one another without gestures The world is a giddy montage (蒙太奇) of vivid gestures-the ones used by traffic police, street vendors, expressway drivers, teachers, children on playground and athletes with their exuberant (热情洋溢的) hugging

28、, clenched fists and high fives. People all over the world use their hands, heads, and bodies to communicate expressively. Gestures and body language communicate as effectively as words- maybe even more effectively. We use gestures daily, almost instinctively, from beckoning to a waiter, or punctuat

29、ing a business presentation with visual signals to airport ground attendants guiding an airline pilot into the jet-way or a parent using a whole dictionary of gestures to teach a child. Gestures are woven into our social lives. The vocabulary of gestures can be at once informative and entertaining.b

30、ut also dangerous. Gestures can be menacing, warm, instructive, or even sensuous. Bear in mind that some gestures are in general use, but there may always be exceptions. In recent years, Western and contemporary values and ideas have become more popular and have either influenced, altered, and even

31、replaced, some of the more traditional gestures. Understanding human behavior is tricky stuff. No two people behave in precisely the same way. Nor do people from the same culture all perform exactly the same gestures and body language uniformly. For almost any gestures there will probably be a minor

32、ity within a given nationality who might say, Well, some might attach that meaning to it, but to me it means. and then they will provide a different interpretation. In the world of gestures, the best single piece of advice is to remember the two As-ask and be aware. If you see a motion or gesture th

33、at is new or confusing, ask a local person what it signifies. Then, be aware of the many body signs and customs around you.What is the main purpose of the first paragraphATo dramatize the diversity of body language.BTo emphasize the necessity of an excellent command of body language.CTo highlight th

34、e existence of body language.DTo explain the word gesture. 25.Most parents prize the diversity within their childrens public schools. They know that learning to cooperate and excel in a diverse, real-world setting is a key to success in the 2lst-century workplace and marketplace. But how diverse and

35、 real-world is a school that does not have any minority teachers The bad news today is that some 40 percent of Americas public schools have no teachers of color. The good news is that we have an opportunity to recruit and encourage more Americans of color to enter the teaching profession. And our su

36、ccess in doing so can have a powerfully positive impact on student achievement. Obviously, a teachers effectiveness depends, first and foremost, on his or her skills and high expectations, not on the teachers color. Yet we also know that children of color-40 percent of the student population and ris

37、ing- benefit in important ways by having some teachers who look like them, who share similar cultural experiences, and who serve as role models demonstrating that education and achievement are things to be respected. Bear in mind that teachers do not teach only facts and content. They also model app

38、ropriate behaviors and teach by personal example. And for many children, the teachers and other adults in their school are the most important authority figures outside of their home. So it is important to expose children to a diverse teaching staff-and to diverse role models- within each of our scho

39、ols. Where we have an urban school with an all-minority staff or a suburban school with an all-white staff, we are giving students a stunted educational experience. Issues of diversity are especially relevant today, as public schools are redoubling their commitment to raising standards and closing a

40、chievement gaps. We need to seize every opportunity to boost the achievement of poor and minority students. I believe- and an impressive body of research confirms-that recruiting and retaining more minority teachers can be crucial to our success. NEA has made it a core strategic priority to increase

41、 the recruitment and retention of teachers of diverse backgrounds. Beyond NEAs own programs, we are joining with other organizations to create the National Collaborative on Diversity in the Teacher Workforce. But we cant do it alone. States and school districts need to develop programs to assist tea

42、chers aides-large numbers of whom are minorities-to advance their education and become fully licensed teachers. Other programs can reach out to minorities still in school, offering encouragement and incentives to enter the teaching profession. At the same time, states must ensure that relevant tests

43、 do not bar promising minority candidates from entering the profession.In a school _, students will learn how to survive successfully in a competitive society.Aof high quality teaching professionalsBof excellent academic backgroundCwith various culturesDwith adequate funding 26.Children model themse

44、lves largely on their parents. They do so mainly through identification. Children identify (56) a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are (57) of that parent. The things parents do and say-and the (58) they do and say to them- strongly influence a childs (59) . A paren

45、ts actions (60) affect the self image that a child forms (61) identification. Children who see mainly positive qualities in their (62) will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way. Children who observe chiefly (63) qualities in their parents will have difficulty (64) positive qualities in t

46、hemselves. Children may (65) their self image, however, as they become increasingly (66) by peer groups: In the case of a dramatic change in family relations, the (67) of an activity or experience depends on how the child interprets it. Children interpret such events according to their established a

47、ttitudes and previous training. Children who know they are loved can, (68) , accept the divorce of their parents or a parents early (69) . But if children feel unloved, they may interpret such events (70) a sign of rejection or punishment.Part ClozeDirections: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.AtoBwithCar