2021山西大学英语考试考前冲刺卷（4）.docx

《2021山西大学英语考试考前冲刺卷（4）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2021山西大学英语考试考前冲刺卷（4）.docx（94页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、2021山西大学英语考试考前冲刺卷（4）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Man finds living together with his own species(物种)difficult enough and living together with other species almost impossible. Our usual solution is to kill off anything that get in our way. Even on those r

2、are occasions when we do enter into a relationship with another species, it is heavily biased(带有倾向)in our favor. The other species benefits only when it suits our own interests. Our attempts to communicate with another species are concerned mainly with giving orders in our own language and having th

3、em obeyed Probably our best attempt has been the whistle language that is used in the shepherd-sheepdog relationship. This is a system that is natural to neither species, but one that both can understand. Its only fault lies in fact that the bias is still there-the dog cannot whistle for the man.But

4、 now comes news of a piece of research that promises, for the first time, to open up two-way communication between man and another species.At the University of Nevada in the western United States, animated(活跃的)conversations are being held with a young female chimpanzee (黑猩猩)called Washoe. Allen and

5、Beatrice Gardener have succeeded in doing this because they have used an entirely new approach, an approach based on the natural abilities of the chimpanzee. Past attempts to communicate with chimpanzees have failed because the researchers tried to make their animals use a vocal language.Allen and B

6、eatrice Gardener managed to communicate with the chimpanzee by（）.Atraining the chimpanzee to learn human language in an entirely new methodBcreating a language both man and the chimpanzee were able to useCusing animal’ s vocal language which the chimpanzee was able to understandDlearning the c

7、himpanzee’s language with an entirely new approach2.Man finds living together with his own species(物种)difficult enough and living together with other species almost impossible. Our usual solution is to kill off anything that get in our way. Even on those rare occasions when we do enter into a

8、relationship with another species, it is heavily biased(带有倾向)in our favor. The other species benefits only when it suits our own interests. Our attempts to communicate with another species are concerned mainly with giving orders in our own language and having them obeyed Probably our best attempt ha

9、s been the whistle language that is used in the shepherd-sheepdog relationship. This is a system that is natural to neither species, but one that both can understand. Its only fault lies in fact that the bias is still there-the dog cannot whistle for the man.But now comes news of a piece of research

10、 that promises, for the first time, to open up two-way communication between man and another species.At the University of Nevada in the western United States, animated(活跃的)conversations are being held with a young female chimpanzee (黑猩猩)called Washoe. Allen and Beatrice Gardener have succeeded in do

11、ing this because they have used an entirely new approach, an approach based on the natural abilities of the chimpanzee. Past attempts to communicate with chimpanzees have failed because the researchers tried to make their animals use a vocal language.It can be inferred from the passage that（）Ain the

12、 future the chimpanzee can learn language like human beingsBin the past researchers taught a chimpanzee words of our natural languageCman and animals can get along well if they can communicate with each otherDthe chimpanzee can communicate well with us human beings3.Even as the economy improves, a j

13、obless executive may face up to a year or more of unemployment. This is a lot of time, especially for hard-charging high-performers who are not used to having any free time. While some job seekers spend hundredseven thousandsof hours discovering daytime television, others seem to thrive on activitie

14、s that boost their professional careers or resolve family issues when they arent working. Having an extended period of free time in the prime of ones life can in fact be a unique opportunity to focus on volunteer service, professional education or personal growth. Community Involvement For Lisa Pere

15、z, the wakeup call was burned pork chops. An executive who previously hadnt been particularly interested in home and health had become obsessed with homemaking during a stint of unemployment. She realized that cleaning and organizing her home wasnt helping her job search. Nevertheless, I made lists

16、of 50 things to do every day, says Ms. Perez, a political and public-relations consultant in Scottsdale, Ariz. My house was spotless, just so Id have something to do. One day, her boyfriend didnt arrive on time for dinner because he had to work late, and her pork chops were ruined. She threw a fit.

17、I d never been a person like that, she says. So I decided to stop feeling sorry for myself, and go out and do something productive. Ms. Perez, 35, resolved to become an active volunteer for the duration of her search. She gave her time to a health-care concern, a housing program and a political camp

18、aign. The work bolstered her self-confidence. Volunteering takes the focus off you. One thing you have thats still valuable is your time. And, of course, you learn that there are thousands of people with a life thats much worse than yours, she says. Volunteer assignments are also great ways to meet

19、powerful and well-connected people. Over a six-month period, her volunteering evolved into working as a paid consultant and then as a full-time employee, a job she still holds today. In all, she was unemployed for eight months. Before her job loss, she thought she didnt have time to volunteer while

20、working. Now, even though I have a demanding job, I still volunteer, because of what I got out of it, says Ms. Perez. Continuing Education Gene Bellavance, a 36-year-old information-technology project manager, took another route during his unemployment. When he was laid off from a steel company near

21、 Cleveland, he knew his immediate prospects were bleak. He expected his search to take a year. He faced a decision: take a job that would set back his career or hold out for an offer he really wanted. Mr. Bellavance, single and virtually debt free, shifted his finances into survival mode. He cashed

22、out his pension, sold his house, unloaded things he didnt need at garage sales, and rented an apartment with a roommate. Then, he says, I signed up for every benefit I could find. But he wasnt just waiting out the year. He spent the rest of his search updating his skills, including becoming certifie

23、d in new database and project-management software. You have to invest in yourself, Mr. Bellavance says. I estimated what technology was going to be the most beneficial and chose applications that were going to be pervasive, that were right for my market, and that were going to ensure top pay. In add

24、ition to income from the occasional IT-consulting assignment, he relied on a combination of displaced-worker-retraining grants and unemployment benefits. I went out and found the classes, submitted the paperwork, and dealt with the bureaucracy. You have to stay after them, keeping your benefits movi

25、ng forward. Its up to you to make it work with your overall transition plan, he says. His job search was one month shy of the full year hed expected. He looked for work during his training and says he would have finished the certification programs even if hed been hired before completing them. Peopl

26、e should not feel guilty about accepting government aid, he says. I saw this in a lot of people. They felt they were some kind of loser for taking benefits. My advice is: Get all you can. Youve been paying for these programs in your entire career, and you may as well start to benefit from them. Fami

27、ly Matters In addition to pursuing training or volunteering, some displaced careerists use their time off work to attend to family matters. Many executives rediscover their children or find time to help their parents. Stanford Rappaport held three jobs in San Francisco, including high-tech and teach

28、ing positions. When he was laid off from the high-tech job last year, he knew it might be a long slog before he could get another post like it in the Bay Area. I was able to do the math, says Mr. Rappaport, 46. The number of people laid off: huge; and the number of available jobs: miniscule. At the

29、time, I thought it might be two or three yeAYBNCNG 4.No one really likes help. It is a great deal more satisfactory to be given the opportunity to earn ones daily bread; and if, by so doing, one can create a continuing means of livelihood, more jobs, and better living conditions for ones community,

30、which is more satisfactory still. It is on this premise that the World Food Programme bases most of its operations. But how can a man born of unemployed, undernourished parents, in the depths of poverty that spreads the shanty towns near Latin American cities, or displaced peoples camps in Africa an

31、d Asia, begin to make some improvement Someone must help, someone who understands that both food and employment are fundamental to his need. Most thinking people must have remarked at some time or other that it doesnt make sense for half the population of the world to be in need of better food while

32、 governments and farmers elsewhere are worried by surpluses. For a number of years, until recently, North America and Australia had too much wheat. Japan had too much rice. Similarly the EEC rapidly built a butter mountain in its short history. It was an awareness of the cruel paradox of a world wit

33、h surpluses and starvation that prompted the setting up of the World Food Programme by the United Nations and also by the Food and Agricultural Organization. Its organizers realized that it could be useful both to developed and developing countries. It could remove surpluses in such a way that they

34、did not upset normal trading or threaten the livelihood of farmers in contributor countries, and then use these food to feed people and aid development in poor-privileged areas. So how does the World Food Programme (WFP) work and what has it achieved Logically, the story starts with a pledging sessi

35、on. The contributor countries, of which there have been a hundred and four over the years, pledge themselves to give a certain value during the succeeding two years. Most of these pledges are honoured by gifts of food, but countries which do not produce food surplus to their own needs pledge money t

36、o finance the administration and shipping of the food given by others. Meanwhile, the WFP staff in Rome get requests from countries which would like to receive this food aid. Some of these are emergency requests when earthquake, hurricane, flood, drought or pestilence strikes, or political disorder

37、cause a new wave of refugees. Of course, WFP responds to these, but they represent no more than a quarter of its aid in any one year. The real objective is to aid constructive development , and so to make full preparation against the every day disaster of having little food to eat, no work to go to,

38、 no dignity to have. So the WFP staff are responsive to requests from governments who want initial help to develop new lands for farming, to build roads, to provide irrigation, and so on. The government of the would-be recipient country has to put forward what is considered to be a worthwhile and wo

39、rkable scheme, and if this is accepted, WFP agrees to supply food to a certain value for a specified period of years (usually three to five). Usually the food is for the people; sometimes it is for their farm livestock.The main idea of the first two paragraphs is that many people_.Afeel offended by

40、people who offer them giftsBare prevented from rising in the world by the poverty of their surroundingsCneed to be given both food and the chance to earn their livingDfeel their pride hurt if they are given charity 5.No one really likes help. It is a great deal more satisfactory to be given the oppo

41、rtunity to earn ones daily bread; and if, by so doing, one can create a continuing means of livelihood, more jobs, and better living conditions for ones community, which is more satisfactory still. It is on this premise that the World Food Programme bases most of its operations. But how can a man bo

42、rn of unemployed, undernourished parents, in the depths of poverty that spreads the shanty towns near Latin American cities, or displaced peoples camps in Africa and Asia, begin to make some improvement Someone must help, someone who understands that both food and employment are fundamental to his n

43、eed. Most thinking people must have remarked at some time or other that it doesnt make sense for half the population of the world to be in need of better food while governments and farmers elsewhere are worried by surpluses. For a number of years, until recently, North America and Australia had too

44、much wheat. Japan had too much rice. Similarly the EEC rapidly built a butter mountain in its short history. It was an awareness of the cruel paradox of a world with surpluses and starvation that prompted the setting up of the World Food Programme by the United Nations and also by the Food and Agric

45、ultural Organization. Its organizers realized that it could be useful both to developed and developing countries. It could remove surpluses in such a way that they did not upset normal trading or threaten the livelihood of farmers in contributor countries, and then use these food to feed people and

46、aid development in poor-privileged areas. So how does the World Food Programme (WFP) work and what has it achieved Logically, the story starts with a pledging session. The contributor countries, of which there have been a hundred and four over the years, pledge themselves to give a certain value dur

47、ing the succeeding two years. Most of these pledges are honoured by gifts of food, but countries which do not produce food surplus to their own needs pledge money to finance the administration and shipping of the food given by others. Meanwhile, the WFP staff in Rome get requests from countries whic

48、h would like to receive this food aid. Some of these are emergency requests when earthquake, hurricane, flood, drought or pestilence strikes, or political disorder cause a new wave of refugees. Of course, WFP responds to these, but they represent no more than a quarter of its aid in any one year. The real objective is to aid constructive development , and so to make full preparation against the every day disaster of having little food to eat, no work to go to, no dignity to have. So the WFP staff are responsive to requests from governments who want initial help to develop new lands