2021宁夏GRE考试真题卷（3）.docx

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1、2021宁夏GRE考试真题卷（3）本卷共分为2大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共25题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Circle the correct letters A-C.The speaker compares a solar eclipse today to aA religious experience. B scientific event. C popular spectacle. 2.Circle the correct letters A-C.The speaker says that the dark

2、spot of an eclipse isA simple to predict. B easy to explain. C randomly occurring. 3.Circle the correct letters A-C.Concerning an eclipse, the ancient Chinese wereA fascinated. B rational. C terrified. 4.Circle the correct letters A-C.For the speaker, the most impressive aspect of an eclipse is theA

3、 exceptional beauty of the sky.B chance for scientific study.C effect of the moon on the sun. 5.Circle the correct letters A-C.Eclipses occur rarely because of the size of theA moon. B sun. C earth. 6.Circle the correct letters A-C.In predicting eclipses, the Babylonians were restricted by theirA re

4、ligious attitudes.B inaccurate observations.C limited ability to calculate. 7.In the first paragraph, the writer draws particular attention toA the lack of medical knowledge in China prior to the Tang era.B the Western interest in Chinese medicine during the Tang era.C the systematic approach taken

5、to medical issues during the Tang era.D the rivalry between Chinese and Western cultures during the Tang era. 8.Most words are lexical words, i.e. nouns signifying things, the majority of which are abstract concepts rather than physical objects in the world; only proper nouns have specific and uniqu

6、e referents in the everyday world. The communicative function of a fully-functioning language requires the scope of reference beyond the particularity of the individual instance. While each leaf, cloud or smile is different from all others, effective communication requires general categories or univ

7、ersals. Anyone who has attempetd to communicate with people who do not share their language will be familiar with the limitations of simply pointing to things, given that the vast majority of lexical words in a language exist on a high level of abstraction and refer to classes of things such as buil

8、dings or to concepts like construction.We lose any one-to-one correspondence of word and thing the moment we group instances into classes. Other than lexical words, language consists of function words or grammatical words, such as only and under which do not refer to objects in the world at all, and

9、 many more kinds of signs other that simple nouns. The notion of words as labels for concepts assumes that ideas exist independently of words and that ideas are established in advance before the introduction of linguistic structure. Clearly, language is not limited to naming things existing in the p

10、hysical world, but includes non-existent objects and ideas well.The nomenclaturist stance, in viewing words as labels forpre-existing ideas and objects, attempts unsuccessfully to reduce language to the purely referential function of naming things. Things do not exist independently of the sign syste

11、ms which we use; reality is created by the media which seem simply to represent it. Language does not simply name pre-existing categories; categories do not exist in the world . e. g. where are the boundaries of a cloud; when does a smile begin. Such an emphasis on reality as invariably perceptually

12、 seamless may be an exaggeration; our referential categories do seem to bear some relationship to certain features which seem to be inherently salient. Within a language, many words may refer to the same thing but reflect different evaluations of it. For example, one persons hovel is another persons

13、 homeMeanwhile, the signified of a word is subject to historical change. In this sense, reality or the world is created by the language we use: this argument insists on the primacy of the signifier. Even if we do not adopt the radical stance that the real world is a product of our sign systems, we m

14、ust still acknowledge the lack of signifiers for many things in the empirical world and that there is no parallel correlation between most words and objects in the known world at all. Thus, all words are abstractions, and there is no direct correspondence between words and things in the world.The au

15、thor of the passage is primarily concerned with_.Arefuting a belief held by one school of linguisticsBreviewing an interesting feature of languageCillustrating the confusion that can result from the improper use of languageDsuggesting a way in which languages can be made more nearly perfectEsurveyin

16、g new interesting areas of research in the field of linguistics 9.Feminist criticshave often pondered whether a postmodern language may be articulated that obviates the essentialist arrogance of much modernist and some feminist discourse and does not reduce feminism to silences or a purely negative

17、and reactionary stance. This ideal may be actualized in a discourse that recognizes itself as historically situated, as motivated by values and, thus, political interests, and as a human practice without transcendent justification. The author Dorothy Allison meets these criteria by focusing on women

18、 who have been marginalized by totalizing forces and ideas, while simultaneously reminding the reader, through the wide range of women that she portrays and their culpability in her protagonists predicaments, that unlike pure and transcendent heroes, women are real characters and morally complex. Al

19、lison insists that humans are burdened with the responsibility of fashioning their own stories, quotidian as they may be, and .while these will never offer the solace of transcendent justification, the constant negotiation between the word and the world avoids reticence on the one hand and the purel

20、y negative on the other.It can be inferred from the passage that the author views the justification_.Aderives from a negative stance toward feminismBpredates the birth of postmodernism as a literary movementCencourages writers to tell humdrum storiesDlimits the construction of morally complex charac

21、tersEcontributes to the politicization and historical orientation of texts 10.Most words are lexical words, i.e. nouns signifying things, the majority of which are abstract concepts rather than physical objects in the world; only proper nouns have specific and unique referents in the everyday world.

22、 The communicative function of a fully-functioning language requires the scope of reference beyond the particularity of the individual instance. While each leaf, cloud or smile is different from all others, effective communication requires general categories or universals. Anyone who has attempetd t

23、o communicate with people who do not share their language will be familiar with the limitations of simply pointing to things, given that the vast majority of lexical words in a language exist on a high level of abstraction and refer to classes of things such as buildings or to concepts like construc

24、tion.We lose any one-to-one correspondence of word and thing the moment we group instances into classes. Other than lexical words, language consists of function words or grammatical words, such as only and under which do not refer to objects in the world at all, and many more kinds of signs other th

25、at simple nouns. The notion of words as labels for concepts assumes that ideas exist independently of words and that ideas are established in advance before the introduction of linguistic structure. Clearly, language is not limited to naming things existing in the physical world, but includes non-ex

26、istent objects and ideas well.The nomenclaturist stance, in viewing words as labels forpre-existing ideas and objects, attempts unsuccessfully to reduce language to the purely referential function of naming things. Things do not exist independently of the sign systems which we use; reality is create

27、d by the media which seem simply to represent it. Language does not simply name pre-existing categories; categories do not exist in the world . e. g. where are the boundaries of a cloud; when does a smile begin. Such an emphasis on reality as invariably perceptually seamless may be an exaggeration;

28、our referential categories do seem to bear some relationship to certain features which seem to be inherently salient. Within a language, many words may refer to the same thing but reflect different evaluations of it. For example, one persons hovel is another persons homeMeanwhile, the signified of a

29、 word is subject to historical change. In this sense, reality or the world is created by the language we use: this argument insists on the primacy of the signifier. Even if we do not adopt the radical stance that the real world is a product of our sign systems, we must still acknowledge the lack of

30、signifiers for many things in the empirical world and that there is no parallel correlation between most words and objects in the known world at all. Thus, all words are abstractions, and there is no direct correspondence between words and things in the world.The author offers all of the following i

31、deas as proof that there is no direct correspondence between words and things EXCEPT_.ALanguage has other functions than that of reference.BOnce a word is grouped into a class, no one-to-one correspondence existsbetween it and what it signifies.CMany words refer to objects that do not exist in the w

32、orld.DFunction words do not refer to objects.EProper nouns usually refer to unique entities. 11.Feminist criticshave often pondered whether a postmodern language may be articulated that obviates the essentialist arrogance of much modernist and some feminist discourse and does not reduce feminism to

33、silences or a purely negative and reactionary stance. This ideal may be actualized in a discourse that recognizes itself as historically situated, as motivated by values and, thus, political interests, and as a human practice without transcendent justification. The author Dorothy Allison meets these

34、 criteria by focusing on women who have been marginalized by totalizing forces and ideas, while simultaneously reminding the reader, through the wide range of women that she portrays and their culpability in her protagonists predicaments, that unlike pure and transcendent heroes, women are real char

35、acters and morally complex. Allison insists that humans are burdened with the responsibility of fashioning their own stories, quotidian as they may be, and .while these will never offer the solace of transcendent justification, the constant negotiation between the word and the world avoids reticence

36、 on the one hand and the purely negative on the other.The passage suggests which of the following about Dorothy Allisons work I. Non-feminist writers have been less successful in producing historically situated narratives.II. Allisons fiction successfully negotiates between essentialist arrogance an

37、d a reactionary response.III. Allison is more interested in her female antagonists than male protagonists, as characters.AI onlyBII onlyCI and II onlyDII and III onlyEI, II, and III 12.Feminist criticshave often pondered whether a postmodern language may be articulated that obviates the essentialist

38、 arrogance of much modernist and some feminist discourse and does not reduce feminism to silences or a purely negative and reactionary stance. This ideal may be actualized in a discourse that recognizes itself as historically situated, as motivated by values and, thus, political interests, and as a

39、human practice without transcendent justification. The author Dorothy Allison meets these criteria by focusing on women who have been marginalized by totalizing forces and ideas, while simultaneously reminding the reader, through the wide range of women that she portrays and their culpability in her

40、 protagonists predicaments, that unlike pure and transcendent heroes, women are real characters and morally complex. Allison insists that humans are burdened with the responsibility of fashioning their own stories, quotidian as they may be, and .while these will never offer the solace of transcenden

41、t justification, the constant negotiation between the word and the world avoids reticence on the one hand and the purely negative on the other.The author mentions womens culpability in her protagonists predicamentsmost likely in order to illustrate_.Athe extent to which Allisons characters have been

42、 marginalized by totalizingforces and ideasBAllisons gift for rendering the moral complexity of women that allows themto commit both good and evil actsCthe scope and variety of the female characters found in Allisons body of fictionDthe degree to which Allison embraces the notion of feminist literat

43、ure as deriving from a tradition of negativity and reactionEthe strength of the political interests Allison expresses through her characters 13.Most words are lexical words, i.e. nouns signifying things, the majority of which are abstract concepts rather than physical objects in the world; only prop

44、er nouns have specific and unique referents in the everyday world. The communicative function of a fully-functioning language requires the scope of reference beyond the particularity of the individual instance. While each leaf, cloud or smile is different from all others, effective communication req

45、uires general categories or universals. Anyone who has attempetd to communicate with people who do not share their language will be familiar with the limitations of simply pointing to things, given that the vast majority of lexical words in a language exist on a high level of abstraction and refer t

46、o classes of things such as buildings or to concepts like construction.We lose any one-to-one correspondence of word and thing the moment we group instances into classes. Other than lexical words, language consists of function words or grammatical words, such as only and under which do not refer to

47、objects in the world at all, and many more kinds of signs other that simple nouns. The notion of words as labels for concepts assumes that ideas exist independently of words and that ideas are established in advance before the introduction of linguistic structure. Clearly, language is not limited to

48、 naming things existing in the physical world, but includes non-existent objects and ideas well.The nomenclaturist stance, in viewing words as labels forpre-existing ideas and objects, attempts unsuccessfully to reduce language to the purely referential function of naming things. Things do not exist independently of the sign systems which we use; reality is created by the