2021天津同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试模拟卷（8）.docx

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1、2021天津同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试模拟卷（8）本卷共分为2大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共38题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Text ThreeA. so B. hire them C. watching TVPhrases:A. and understandably 70B. that could be spent 71C. that the companies that72 want money Children are a special target of advertisers, 73 . Young

2、 people are shopping and spending more than ever before. Researchers suggest that children who are highly involved in consumer culture are more prone to childhood depression and anxiety and have worse relationships with their parents. They said: You cannot totally protect your kids from advertising

3、because it is everywhere. So you can explain to your kids that advertisers have an agenda and 74 . They dont have our best interests in mind.They also suggest that family should watch very little television. You can fill the time 75 with other activities, such as reading and playing games together.

4、2.Ironically, a study finds that were awful gift-givers precisely because we spend too much time trying to be considerate.We imagine our friends 46 a gift that is impressive,expensive,and sentimental. We imagine the look of happinessand surprise on their faces and the warmth we feel. 47 .But theres

5、something thatthe most sentimental-gift-givers tend not to think too much about: 48 the gift is practical in the first place.49 , practicality seems like an enemy of great gift giving. Beautiful jewelry, lovely watches, perfect rugs, finely crafted kitchen hardware: These things50great gifts because

6、 they communicate something beyond practicality. Theycommunicate that the giver cares.But do the receivers care Often,no. Gift receivers would be 51 ifgivers gave them exactly what they requested 52 . attemptingto bethoughtful and considerate by buying gifts they did not explicitly request to surpri

7、sethem, the researchers write. Their clever paper asks givers and receivers to 53 gifts from two perspectives: desirability (e.g. the cost of a coffee maker) and feasibility(e.g. the 54 of the coffee maker).Across several experiments, theyfind that givers consistently give gifts based on desirabilit

8、y and receivers 55 favor gifts based on feasibility .AhappierBmore surprisedChappyDsurprised 3.Text ThreeA. so B. hire them C. watching TVPhrases:A. and understandably 70B. that could be spent 71C. that the companies that72 want money Children are a special target of advertisers, 73 . Young people a

9、re shopping and spending more than ever before. Researchers suggest that children who are highly involved in consumer culture are more prone to childhood depression and anxiety and have worse relationships with their parents. They said: You cannot totally protect your kids from advertising because i

10、t is everywhere. So you can explain to your kids that advertisers have an agenda and 74 . They dont have our best interests in mind.They also suggest that family should watch very little television. You can fill the time 75 with other activities, such as reading and playing games together. 4.Text On

11、eA. accelerate B. otherwise C. between D.imitatePhrases:A. would be difficult to 56B. from 57 its feathersC. enabling the bird to 58D. it 59 could The emperor penguin traps air in its feathers. Not only does this insulate thebird against extreme cold but it also enables it to move two or three times

12、 fasterthan60How Marine biologists have suggested that it does so byreleasing tiny air bubbles 61 .As these bubbles are released, the reduce friction on the surface of the penguins wings, 62 .Interestingly, engineers have been studying ways to make ships go faster byusing bubbles to reduce friction

13、against their hulls (船身 ) . However, researchersacknowledge that further investigation is challenging because the complexity ofpenguins wings 63 5.Text TwoA. beyond B. as well as C. sendingPhrases:A. 64 the wages of average familiesB. 65 young people to collegeC. 66 the reach ofmostAmericansA resear

14、ch group in California has released a national report cardon highereducation. The report says the price of college has increased more than four hundred percent since 1982. Costs have climbed much faster than other prices - 67 Thegroup warns that a continuation of these trends would put higher educat

15、ion 68 .And it would mean greater debt for those who do go to college. The reportalso expresses concern that the United States is losing its leadership in 69 . 6.Ironically, a study finds that were awful gift-givers precisely because we spend too much time trying to be considerate.We imagine our fri

16、ends 46 a gift that is impressive,expensive,and sentimental. We imagine the look of happinessand surprise on their faces and the warmth we feel. 47 .But theres something thatthe most sentimental-gift-givers tend not to think too much about: 48 the gift is practical in the first place.49 , practicali

17、ty seems like an enemy of great gift giving. Beautiful jewelry, lovely watches, perfect rugs, finely crafted kitchen hardware: These things50great gifts because they communicate something beyond practicality. Theycommunicate that the giver cares.But do the receivers care Often,no. Gift receivers wou

18、ld be 51 ifgivers gave them exactly what they requested 52 . attemptingto bethoughtful and considerate by buying gifts they did not explicitly request to surprisethem, the researchers write. Their clever paper asks givers and receivers to 53 gifts from two perspectives: desirability (e.g. the cost o

19、f a coffee maker) and feasibility(e.g. the 54 of the coffee maker).Across several experiments, theyfind that givers consistently give gifts based on desirability and receivers 55 favor gifts based on feasibility .Aregardless ofBrather thanCas toDbut for 7.Ironically, a study finds that were awful gi

20、ft-givers precisely because we spend too much time trying to be considerate.We imagine our friends 46 a gift that is impressive,expensive,and sentimental. We imagine the look of happinessand surprise on their faces and the warmth we feel. 47 .But theres something thatthe most sentimental-gift-givers

21、 tend not to think too much about: 48 the gift is practical in the first place.49 , practicality seems like an enemy of great gift giving. Beautiful jewelry, lovely watches, perfect rugs, finely crafted kitchen hardware: These things50great gifts because they communicate something beyond practicalit

22、y. Theycommunicate that the giver cares.But do the receivers care Often,no. Gift receivers would be 51 ifgivers gave them exactly what they requested 52 . attemptingto bethoughtful and considerate by buying gifts they did not explicitly request to surprisethem, the researchers write. Their clever pa

23、per asks givers and receivers to 53 gifts from two perspectives: desirability (e.g. the cost of a coffee maker) and feasibility(e.g. the 54 of the coffee maker).Across several experiments, theyfind that givers consistently give gifts based on desirability and receivers 55 favor gifts based on feasib

24、ility .AdecideBclassifyCselectDmeasure 8.Ironically, a study finds that were awful gift-givers precisely because we spend too much time trying to be considerate.We imagine our friends 46 a gift that is impressive,expensive,and sentimental. We imagine the look of happinessand surprise on their faces

25、and the warmth we feel. 47 .But theres something thatthe most sentimental-gift-givers tend not to think too much about: 48 the gift is practical in the first place.49 , practicality seems like an enemy of great gift giving. Beautiful jewelry, lovely watches, perfect rugs, finely crafted kitchen hard

26、ware: These things50great gifts because they communicate something beyond practicality. Theycommunicate that the giver cares.But do the receivers care Often,no. Gift receivers would be 51 ifgivers gave them exactly what they requested 52 . attemptingto bethoughtful and considerate by buying gifts th

27、ey did not explicitly request to surprisethem, the researchers write. Their clever paper asks givers and receivers to 53 gifts from two perspectives: desirability (e.g. the cost of a coffee maker) and feasibility(e.g. the 54 of the coffee maker).Across several experiments, theyfind that givers consi

28、stently give gifts based on desirability and receivers 55 favor gifts based on feasibility .AlookBqualityCneverthelessDease 9.Ironically, a study finds that were awful gift-givers precisely because we spend too much time trying to be considerate.We imagine our friends 46 a gift that is impressive,ex

29、pensive,and sentimental. We imagine the look of happinessand surprise on their faces and the warmth we feel. 47 .But theres something thatthe most sentimental-gift-givers tend not to think too much about: 48 the gift is practical in the first place.49 , practicality seems like an enemy of great gift

30、 giving. Beautiful jewelry, lovely watches, perfect rugs, finely crafted kitchen hardware: These things50great gifts because they communicate something beyond practicality. Theycommunicate that the giver cares.But do the receivers care Often,no. Gift receivers would be 51 ifgivers gave them exactly

31、what they requested 52 . attemptingto bethoughtful and considerate by buying gifts they did not explicitly request to surprisethem, the researchers write. Their clever paper asks givers and receivers to 53 gifts from two perspectives: desirability (e.g. the cost of a coffee maker) and feasibility(e.

32、g. the 54 of the coffee maker).Across several experiments, theyfind that givers consistently give gifts based on desirability and receivers 55 favor gifts based on feasibility .AunexpectedlyBwhereasCneverthelessDcontinuously 10.在公共管理理论中，有一种理论主张重新调整政府与社会、政府与市场的关系，减少政府职能，尽可能实现社会自治。持这种主张的理论主要是（）。A传统公共管

33、理理论B新公共管理理论C传统公共行政理论D新公共行政理论11.在政府对宏观经济的调控中，有一种调控方式是通过对社会总产值、国民生产总值、国民收入的生产、分配、使用，对投资规模、消费规模、财政收支规模、信贷规模，以及货币发行量等等的调节与控制，以实现社会总供给与总需求的基本平衡。这方面的调控被称为（）。A结构调控B总量调控C规范性调控D社会性调控12.中华人民共和国国务院行使的职权主要是（）。A行政权B立法权C司法权D监督权13.在我国，为了社会公益目的，由国家机关举办或者其他组织利用国有资产举办的，从事教育、科技、文化、卫生等活动的社会服务组织，一般称为（）。A中介组织B社会团体C事业单位D行

34、业组织14.社会中介机构在其产生与发展过程中，主要体现如下特点（）。A组织性、民间性、公益性、营利性、自愿性B组织性、民间性、公益性、政治性、自愿性C组织性、民间性、公益性、自治性、自愿性D组织性、民间性、公益性、强制性、自愿性15.中国共产党十七届六中全会提出“深入开展学雷锋活动”，国家公务员当然应该像雷锋那样带头做好事，以树立良好的道德形象。从公告伦理观的角度看，带头学雷锋、做好事的行为应该是公务员的（）。A权利B权力C义务D职责16.非政府组织即使在开展活动中出现了收入盈余，也不能在组织成员和理事会之间进行分配。它的这种属性被称为（）。A非政府性B非组织性C非私人性D非营利性17.在战略

35、管理分析方法中，通过了解自己组织的优势与弱势，把握外部机会，规避外部威胁，从而制定良好战略的方法，这种分析工具被简称为（）。ASOWTBSTWOCSTOWDSWOT18.2011年2月北京市根据国务院出台的有关房地产调控政策的精神，结合北京市的实际情况，规定已拥有2套及以上住房的北京本地户籍家庭，将不能再新购住房；已经拥有了1套及以上住房的外地户籍家庭，也不能再购住房；在北京没有住房的外地人，如果要购买住房，必须提供在京连续5年（含）以上的纳税证明或社保证明。这项政策属于（）。A调节性政策B自我调节性政策C分配性政策D再分配性政策19.某市决定开展该市政府部门绩效评估改革的试点工作，将完善市政

36、府部门绩效评估指标体系，改进县市区目标管理指标设置。试点在完善原评估体制和方式的基础上，将增加社会公众评估方式，这更加体现了以下原则：（）。A绩与效相结合B内与外相结合C人与事相结合D前与后相结合20.可以用侧抑制解释的视觉现象是（）。A后像B马赫带C颜色视觉D视觉对比21.“鱼与熊掌不可兼得”体现了意志行动中的（）。A双趋冲突B双避冲突C趋避冲突D多重趋避冲突22.根据坎农-巴德的情绪理论，情绪产生的中心位于（）。A内脏B丘脑C杏仁核D外周神经系统23.卡特尔将主要依赖于先天禀赋而较少依赖于文化知识经验的能力称为（）。A晶体智力B情境智力C成分智力D流体智力24.能够进行加减运算，但不能进行

37、乘除运算的数据是（）。A称名数据B顺序数据C等距数据D比率数据25.受极端数据影响较小的统计量是（）。A方差B中数C标准差D平均数26.第一个发明智力测验常模量表的是（）。A比纳B高尔顿C卡特尔D铁钦纳27.一直致力于群体动力学研究的心理学家是（）。A谢夫里B阿希C津巴多D勒温28.发生在美国的基诺维斯案件激发了心理学家拉特纳和达利开始研究（）责任扩散效应。A亲社会行为B侵犯行为C从众行为D服从行为29.适合于计数数据的统计图是（）。A直方图B条形图C次数多边形D累加次数分布图30.普莱尔所著儿童心理一书的研究对象处于（）。A03岁B34岁C45岁D56岁31.对一项33实验设计，正确的陈述是

38、（）。A有3个自变量B有3个因变量C有9钟实验处理D有6个被试组32.智商是一种（）。A标准参照分数B内容参照分数C结果参照分数D常模参照分数33.某年级学生的英语考试成绩呈正态分布，其中一名同学得分的Z分数是1.96，该名同学所处的百分位是（）。A95.0B97.5C99.0D99.534.运用方差分析做统计检验，要求自变量和因变量分别是（）。A分类变量、分类变量B连续变量、分类变量C分类变量、连续变量D连续变量、连续变量35.弗洛伊德所说的心理发展的“前生殖器期“，其年龄范围大致处于皮亚杰所说的（）。A感知运动阶段B前运算阶段C具体运算阶段D形式运算阶段36.对项目难度和区分度关系的正确陈

39、述是（）。A高难度项目的区分度高B低难度项目的区分度高C中等难度项目的区分度高D项目难度与区分度无关37.下列各项特征中，不属于实验法本质特征的是（）。A实验室中进行B操纵自变量C控制无关变量D揭示变量间因果关系38.奥苏贝尔认为有意义学习的内部心理机制是（）。A平衡B顺应C联想D同化二、多项选择题（共38题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，有多个符合题意） 1.Outline: 1. The types of friend. 2. The criteria of an ideal friend. 3. The importance of having a good friend. 2.In rec

40、ent years corporate downsizing has been on the rise throughout the world. Downsizing, which is usually called restructuring, rightsizing, reallocating resources, or job separation, is reducing costs by dismissing employees and reassigning their duties to the employees who remain. In their quest to l

41、ower costs to stay competitive, companies often wield the ax with little or no regard for the well-being of people involved. Industry analysts assert that if organizations wish to consider themselves responsible, moral corporate citizens, they must demonstrate concern for their employees, even when

42、they have to tell them they are no longer employed. Employees who know what is going on can prepare themselves for the inevitable and are much better able to cope when the ax finally does fall. 3.世界许多地区的天气变化无常，它在人们日常生活中起着重要的作用。例如：如果他们是农民、渔民或水手，他们需要事先了解气候的变化。太空科学家和飞行员特别需要了解天气情况。自古以来，人类观察天空、风向和大气层以及各种

43、其他气候现象，以便进行天气预报。但他们的天气预报常常是不准的。现在许多国家政府部门非常仔细地研究天气情况。它们使用多种科学仪器来帮助准确地预测天气，例如，他们利用雷达、卫星和计算机来收集所需要的气象资料。 4.For most of human history, the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefit side. Inadequacy of energy resources of the technologies for harvesting, converting, and distributing th

44、ose resources has meant insufficient energy benefits to human beings and hence inconvenience, and constraints on its growth. The 1970s, then, represented an turning point, Energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects. It began to be believable that excessive energy costs could pose threats

45、 on a par with those of insufficient supply. It also became possible to think that expanding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits. The crucial question at the beginning of the 1990s is whether the trend that began in the 1970s will prove to be temporary or permanent.

46、 Is the era of cheap energy really over, or will a combination of new resources, new technology and changing geopolitics bring it back One key determinant of the answer is the staggering scale of energy demand brought forth by 100 years of population growth and industrial demand. Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East, t