2022助动词的具体用法.docx
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1、2022助动词的具体用法助动词的详细用法助动词用来构成时态和语态。 助动词具有语法意义,但没有词汇意义,不行单独作谓语。以下是我整理的关于助动词的详细用法,希望大家仔细阅读!be+现在分词,构成进行时态。如:They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。2)be+过去分词,构成被动语态。如:The window was broken by Tom. 窗户被Tom打破了。English is becoming more and more important. 英语变得越来越重要。be+动词不定式1)表示最近、将来的安排或支配。如:He is to go to New Yor
2、k next week. 他下周要去纽约。We are to teach the fresh persons. 我们要教新生。但应留意:这种用法也可以说是一种将来时态的表达法。2)表示吩咐。如:You are to explain this. 对此你要作出说明。He is to come to the office this aftermoon. 他今日下午要来办公室。3)表示征求看法。如:How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他?Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢?4)表示相约、商定。如:We are to meet at the school gat
3、e at seven tomorrow morning.我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。 一、have作助动词主要改变形式:have,has,had动名词/现在分词:having1)have +过去分词,构成完成时态,例:He has left for London.他已去了伦敦。By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.上月末为止,他们已经完成工作的一半。2)have + been +现在分词,构成完成进行时(现在完成时),例:I have been studying English for ten years
4、.我始终在学英语,已达十年之久。3)have+been +过去分词,构成完成时态的被动语态,例:English has been taught in China for many years.中国教英语已经多年。have作一般动词形式 确定式否定式疑问式现在时have(got)或have haven't(got)或don't have have I(got)?或do you have? 过去时hadhadn't(got)或didn't have had you(got)?或did you have? 为表示习惯动作,do与have连用: Do you have
5、earthquakes in your country? 你们国家地震吗? Yes,but we don't have them very often. 有,但不常常。have意指take(a meal)(吃),give(a party)(实行)等。We have lunch at one. 我们1点钟吃饭。They are having a party tomorrow. 他们明天实行聚会。I hope you'll have a good holiday. 我希望你开心地度过假期。 形式主要改变形式:do,did,done,does动名词/现在分词:doing1) 构成一般
6、疑问句,例如:Do you want to pass the CET?你想通过高校英语测试吗?Did you study German?你们学过德语吗?2) do + not 构成否定句,例如:I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨指责。He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性。3)构成否定祈使句,例如:Don't go there.不要去那里。Don'
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