2021山西职称英语考试考前冲刺卷.docx

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1、2021山西职称英语考试考前冲刺卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.第三篇 More Than a Ride to SchoolThe National Education Association claims，“The school bus is a mirror of the community”They further add that，unfortunately，what appears on the exterior does not always reflect t

2、he reality of a chosen communityThey are rightsometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl DensonRiding the sch001 bus has been more than a ride to school for LieslBruce Hardy, sch001 bus driver for A1thouse Bus Company has been Liesls bus driver since kindergarten，Last year when Liesls family moved t

3、o Parkesburg，knowing her bus went by her new residence，she requested to ride the same bus This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the busShe says，“Its been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listener Sometimes when youre

4、 a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important ML Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel important Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975 This year he will celebrate 30 year

5、s working for Althouse Bus CompanyLarry Althouse，president of the company acknowledges Bruce Hardys outstanding record：“You do not come by employees like Bruce these daysHe has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving recordHe was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Associa

6、tion for driving 350，000 accident free milesHardys reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made with the students that ride his bus Althouse further adds，”Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever since My grandfa

7、ther started the business with one busAlthouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come” Three generations of business is not all the

8、 company has enjoyed Thanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy ,they have been building relationships through generationsLiesls mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardys bus to the Octorara School DistrictThe word “mirror in the first line could be best replaced byA“vehicle”B“device”C “

9、need”D “reflection” 2.第二篇 Credit Card Only Works When Spoken toA credit card that will not work unless it hears its owners voice could become an important weapon in the fight against fraud(欺骗) The card requires users to give a spoken password that it recognizes using a built-inVoice-recognition chip

10、The idea is to prevent thieves using a stolen card or fraudsters using someone elses credit card details to buy goods online A model built by engineers at Beepcard in Santa Monica，California，represents the first attempt to pack a microphone。a loudspeaker，a battery and a voice recognition chip into a

11、 standardsized credit card They are not quite there yet：the card is the length and width of an ordinary credit card，but it is still about three times as thickThe company now plans to make it thinner The voice card is based on an earlier Beepcard technology designed to prevent fraud inonline transact

12、ions This earlier card has no microphone，but has a built in loudspeaker that it uses to“squawk”(发出叫声)a voice ID signal via a computers microphone to an online server By verifying(证实)that the signal matches the card details，the server can establish that the user is not simply keying in a credit card

13、number but actually has the card to handThe ID code changes each time the card is used in a preordered sequence that only the server knows This prevents fraudsters recording the beeps，noting the card details and then playing back the audible ID when they key in the details later But this earlier tec

14、hnology cannot prevent fraudulent use of stolen cards The new one canThe new voice card also identifies itself by its ID squawkbut it will not do this until it has verified the legitimate(合法的)users spoken password Thieves will be unable to use the card because even if they knew the password they wou

15、ld have to be able to copy the owners voice with a high degree of accuracy The challenge for Beepcard has been to develop voice-recognition and audio circuitry that Can be powered by a mini battery embedded(嵌入的)in a credit cardTo maximize battery life，the electronics are only switched on when the ca

16、rd is being usedPressing a button on the cards surface prompts it to utter “Say your password ”in female voice If the voicerecognition software proves that the password is authentic(真实的)，it sends its ID squawk which the server thenidentifiesallowing the transaction to proceedThe voice credit card is

17、 an important invention becauseAit can be made cost-effectivelyBit can leave voice messages，Cit makes online shopping easyDit makes fraud difficult 3.Dark Forces Dominate UniverseThe earthmoonsun and all visible stars in the sky make up less than one percent of the universeAlmost all the rest is dar

18、k matter and dark energy，unknown forces that _(51)astronomers Observations in recent years have changed the basic_ (52)of how the universe evolved and have indicated how little is known about the major forces and substances that_ (53) our world Astronomers now know that luminous(发光的)matterstars，plan

19、ets and hot gas-Accounts _ (54) only about 0,4 percent of the universeNon-luminous components，such as black holes and intergalactic(星系间的)gas，_ (55)up 3.6 percent The rest is either dark matter , about 23 percent，or dark energy，about 73 percentDark matterSometimes _ (56)“cold dark matter，”has been kn

20、own for some timeOnly recently have researchers come to understand the key role it _ (57)formation of stars，planets and even peopleWe _ (58) our very existence to dark matter,” said physicist Paul Steinhardtand a co-author of a review on dark matter which _ (59)not long ago in the journal Science“Da

21、rk matter dominated the structure (60)in the early universe，”SteinhardtsaidFor the first few billion years dark matter contained most of the mass of the universe You can think of ordinary matter (61) a froth(泡沫)of an ocean of dark matterThe darkmatter dumps(结成块)and the ordinary matter falls into itT

22、hat (62) to the formation of the stars and galaxies(星系)”Without dark matter ,“ there would be virtually no structures in the universe The nature of dark matter is _ (63)It cannot be seen or detected directlyAstronomers know it is there because of its_ (64)on celestial(天体的)objects that can be seen an

23、d measuredBut the most dominating force of all in the universe is called dark energy, a recently _ (65)power that astronomers say is causing the galaxies in the universe to separate at a faster and faster speed.A worryBmoveCpuzzleD reject 4.27 Richard Seed claimed to be able to clone_ 28 Richard See

24、ds announcement received_ 29 The United States will introduce_ 30 Within ten years scientists will probably have_ A the nucleus of a cellB cloned human beingsC a human being in two yearsD a law to ban human cloningE a report on human cloningF heavy media coverage 5.Cloning(克隆)：Future Perfect1 A clon

25、e is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997 research into cloning has grown rapidlyIn May 1998，scientists in Massachusetts managed to create WTO identical calves(牛犊)using cloning tech

26、nology A mouse has also been cloned successfully But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next twoyears，”he told the world2 Seeds announcement provoked a lot of media a

27、ttention，most of it negativeIn Europe，nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced：“We will be introducing a law to ban au human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anticloning laws by the end of the year”3 Many research

28、ers are not so negative about cloning They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research In March，The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it，

29、human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world The public has been bombarded(轰炸)with newspaper articles，television shows and films，as well as cartoonsSuch information is ofte

30、n misleading，and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humansIt could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like But how would it fe

31、el to be a clone among hundreds，the anti-cloners ask Pretty cool，answer the pro-cloners (赞成克隆的人)23 Paragraph l _ 24 Paragraph 2_ 25 Paragraph 3_ 26 Paragraph 4_ A Strong ReactionsB Anxiety about the Future of Cloning C The Right to Choose D What is CloningE Arguments in Favor of CloningF A Common Si

32、ght 6.The Smog(烟雾)For over a month. Indonesia was in crisis. Forest fires raged out of control as the country Suffered its worst drought for 50 years . Smoke form the fires mixed with sunlight and hot dry air to form a cloud of smog This pollution quickly spread and within days it was hanging over n

33、eighbouring countries including MalaysiaSingapore and Thailand When the smoke combined with pollution from factories and carsit soon became poisonous(有毒的)Dangerous amounts of CO became trapped under the smog and pollution levels rosePeople wheezed f喘息)and coughed as they left the house and their eye

34、s watered immediately The smog made it impossible to see across streets and whole cities disappeared as grey soot(烟灰)covered everythingIn some areas，water was hosed(用胶管浇)from highrise city buildings to tIY and break up the smogFinally，heavy rains，which came in November，put out the fires and cleared

35、the airBut the environmental costs and health problems will remainMany people from South-Eastern Asian cities aireadv suffer from breathing huge amounts of car exhaust fumes(汽车排放的废气)and factory pollutionBreathing problems could well increase and many non-sufferers may have difficulties for血e first t

36、imeWildlife has suffered tooIn lowland forests，elephants，deer, and tigers have been driven out of their homes by smog But smog is not just an Asian problemIn fact，the word was first used in London in 1905 to describe the mixture of smoke and thick fogFog often hung over the capitalSometimes thesmog

37、was so thick and poisonous that people were killed by breathing problems or in accidentsAbout 4，000 Londoners died within five days as a result of thick smog in 1952.The smog spread to neighbouring countriesA RightBWrongCNot mentioned 7.第一篇 Almost Human Scientists are racing to build the worlds firs

38、t thinking robotThis is not science fiction：somesay they will have made it by the year 2020 Carol Packer reports Machines that walk，speak and feel are no longer science fictionKismet is the name of an android(机器人)which scientists have built at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)Kismet is

39、different from the traditional robot because it Can show human emotionsIts eyes，ears and lips move to show when it feels happy. sad or boredKismet is one of the first of a new generation of androidsrobots that look like human beingswhich Can imitate human feelingsCog，another android invented by the

40、MIT, imitates the action of a motherHowever, scientists admit that So far Cog has the mental ability of a twoyearold The optimists(乐观主义者)say that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids(机器人)with brains similar to those of all adult human beingThese robots will be designed to look like people

41、 to make them more attractive and easier to sell to the publicWhat kind of jobs will they do In the future，robots like Robonaut，a humanoid invented by NASA，will be doing dangerous jobs，like repairing space stationsThey will also be doing more and mom of the household work for us In Japan，scientists

42、are designing androids that will entertain us bydancing and playing the piano Some people worry about what the future holds：will robots become monsters(怪物) Will people themselves become increasingly like robots Experts predict that more and more people will be wearing microcomputers，connected to the

43、 Internet，in the futurePeople will have microchips in various parts of their body，which will connect them to a wide variety of gadgets(小装置)Perhaps we should not exaggerate(夸大)the importance of technology，but one wonders whether，in years to come，we will still be falling in love，and whether we will st

44、ill feel painWho knowsWhat makes Cog specialAIt looks like a motherBIt behaves like a childCIt can imitate the behavior of a motherDIt has a huge brain 8.第三篇 More Than a Ride to SchoolThe National Education Association claims，“The school bus is a mirror of the community”They further add that，unfortu

45、nately，what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen communityThey are rightsometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl DensonRiding the sch001 bus has been more than a ride to school for LieslBruce Hardy, sch001 bus driver for A1thouse Bus Company has been Liesls bus d

46、river since kindergarten，Last year when Liesls family moved to Parkesburg，knowing her bus went by her new residence，she requested to ride the same bus This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the busShe says，“Its been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has alway

47、s been a good friend and a good listener Sometimes when youre a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important ML Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel important Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara student

48、s feel special since 1975 This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus CompanyLarry Althouse，president of the company acknowledges Bruce Hardys outstanding record：“You do not come by employees like Bruce these daysHe has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving recordHe was recognize