2021吉林在职攻读硕士联考考试模拟卷（7）.docx

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1、2021吉林在职攻读硕士联考考试模拟卷（7）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these

2、emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there arc two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called classical conditioning. This occurs when one event or stimulus is continuously followed by a reward or punishment. It is through classi

3、cal conditioning that a child learns to associate his mothers face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion. The second kind of learning is called operant (动作的) conditioning. This occurs when an in

4、dividual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus,

5、the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.The main purpose of this passage is to _.Ateach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotionsBgive the common reader a general description of two basic kinds of learningCgive parents some advice on how to

6、modify their childrens emotions through learningDdiscuss with psychologists how positive and negative feelings are produced 2.In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing parti

7、cular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there arc two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called classical conditioning. This occurs when one event or stimulus is continuously followed by a reward or puni

8、shment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mothers face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion. The second kind of learning is called operant (动作的) conditio

9、ning. This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get a

10、ttention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.If a child is bitten or startled several times by a dog, he may learn to associate furry (有毛皮的) animals with pain or startle and thus develop a fear of furry animals. This is a typical example of

11、learning through _.Aclassical conditioningBoperant conditioningCboth A and BDneither A nor B 3.In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emo

12、tions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there arc two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called classical conditioning. This occurs when one event or stimulus is continuously followed by a reward or punishment. It is through classical

13、 conditioning that a child learns to associate his mothers face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion. The second kind of learning is called operant (动作的) conditioning. This occurs when an indiv

14、idual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the

15、 baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.If your jokes often find a ready echo in a person, you will learn through _that telling jokes to this person is fun, and you will try with greater efforts to be humorous in his presence.Aclassical conditioningBoperant condition

16、ingCneither A nor BDsome other sorts of conditioning 4.In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning.

17、Psychologists have found that there arc two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called classical conditioning. This occurs when one event or stimulus is continuously followed by a reward or punishment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to ass

18、ociate his mothers face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion. The second kind of learning is called operant (动作的) conditioning. This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce r

19、ewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying

20、in order to have his mother more.The word cuddle in ParA2 most probably means _.A. persuadeB. hold close and lovelyC. threatenD. shout at 5.In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and expe

21、riencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there arc two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called classical conditioning. This occurs when one event or stimulus is continuously followed by a

22、reward or punishment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mothers face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion. The second kind of learning is called operant

23、(动作的) conditioning. This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries

24、 he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.How can a mother help the baby to cry lessACuddle the baby until he is quiet.BLeave the baby alone.CDo not always attend to the baby.DTeach the baby not to cry. 6.Successful innovati

25、ons have driven many older technologies to extinction and have resulted in higher productivity, greater consumption of energy, increased demand for raw materials, accelerated flow of materials through the economy and increased quantities of metals and other substances in use per person. The history

26、of industrial development is full of examples. In 1870, homes and mules were the prime source of power on U.S. farms. One horse or many decades. At that time, had a national commission been asked to forecast the horse and mule population for 1970, its answer probably would have depended on whether i

27、ts consultants were of an economic mm of mind. Had they been economists, they would have recognized that the power of steam had already been harnessed to industry and to land and ocean transport. They would have recognized further that would be only a matter of time before steam would be the prime s

28、ource of power on the farm. It would have been difficult for them to avoid the conclusion that the horse and mule population would decline rapidly.Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a consequence of new technological developmentsAOlder technologies die away.BThe quality of life

29、 is improved.COverall productivity increases.DMore raw materials become necessary. 7. A Quiet student offered room in private house. Share bath and kitchen. gas/electricity B Professional couple,3 children, 2,4and 6,offer single room, rent-free, to student willing to baby-sit 3 evenings weekly, occa

30、sional weekends. Live as family. C Double room suitable 2 students sharing. Cooking facilities, share bathroom. Non-smokers only. 70each weekly, excluding gas/electricity. D Teacher going on 3-month study course abroad willing to let comfortably furnished flat in prestige block to responsible studen

31、ts. 2 double bedrooms, 1 single. Use of garden. Rent 70 each, weekly, inclusive. No late parties.The information in the form may come from _.Aan advertisement in a formal newspaperBa college notice boardCa leaflet from a travel agencyDa notice in the window of an estate agent 8.Regular child care pr

32、ovided outside home or by someone other than the mother does not in itself undermine healthy emotional connections between mothers and their 15-month-old infants, according to a long-term national study. The finding holds even if care begins during the first 3 months after birth and runs for 30 hour

33、s or more per week. Among infants who receive unkind and unresponsive care from their mothers, however, the mother-child relationship may be damaged. This research helps us put apart complexities regarding child care that have not previously been studied in detail, contends Jay Belsky, a psychologis

34、t. The investigation consists of 1,153 children and their families living in or near Boston. The youngsters, no more than 1 month old when they entered the study in 1991, will be tracked until the age of 7. Experimenters administered questionnaires to mothers in their homes and videotaped baby caret

35、akers interacting with the kids at ages l, 6, and 15 months. Independent observers rated the quality of each child care efforts and noted infant nervousness. Unlike most previous studies, this one allows researchers to observe each caretakers personality at child nursing, and kids emotional reaction

36、 by the equipment.From the first paragraph we know that _.Amother care is the best according to a national studyBchild care outside home is the best in accordance with the studyCregular child care outside home may play a role as a motherDconnections between mothers and infants are damaged by outside

37、 care 9.Experts predict that Chinas healthcare market will have an annual growth of 6 to 8 percent in the next few years, making it one of the potentially most prosperous. In Shanghai, annual medical expenditure is estimated to be 16 billion yuan (U. S. 93 billion). With an increasingly (31) populat

38、ion, the growing consumption power and longer life (32) of local residents, the medical market has great opportunities. However l limited medical resources cannot meet peoples needs (33) financial deficits in State-owned hospitals. (34) , there is room for a range of different medical organizations.

39、 As is the case with many State-owned enterprises, public hospitals in the past half century have learned a lot of bad habits: (35) management, over-staffing and bureaucratic operating procedures. Being a member of World Trade Organization (WTO), China has to (36) its promise to open the health indu

40、stry to foreign capital in coming years. By then, public hospitals will be facing fierce competition from Western giants they have never prepared for. So its quite urgent (37) them to learn how to operate as an enterprise and how to survive in the competitive market economy of the future. As a (38)

41、, the healthcare sector was first opened to domestic private investors. Since the first private hospital opened in 1999, private investors from Shenzhen, Sichuan and Zhejiang provinces have been scrambling to enter Shanghai. (39) show that about 20 private hospitals have been set up in the city, alt

42、hough this number, (40) with more than 500 public hospitals, is still quite low.AagingBagedCbeing-agedDage 10.Alice: Ted asked me to go to the beach this weekend. Whats your planLaura: Ive to work overtime. Sometimes I envy you a lot. Ted is a good guy.Alice: _. You just havent met the right person.

43、 And I think you work too much. You should learn how to entertain yourself and enjoy your life.ACome onBOKCWell doneDBy the way 11.Experts predict that Chinas healthcare market will have an annual growth of 6 to 8 percent in the next few years, making it one of the potentially most prosperous. In Sh

44、anghai, annual medical expenditure is estimated to be 16 billion yuan (U. S. 93 billion). With an increasingly (31) population, the growing consumption power and longer life (32) of local residents, the medical market has great opportunities. However l limited medical resources cannot meet peoples n

45、eeds (33) financial deficits in State-owned hospitals. (34) , there is room for a range of different medical organizations. As is the case with many State-owned enterprises, public hospitals in the past half century have learned a lot of bad habits: (35) management, over-staffing and bureaucratic op

46、erating procedures. Being a member of World Trade Organization (WTO), China has to (36) its promise to open the health industry to foreign capital in coming years. By then, public hospitals will be facing fierce competition from Western giants they have never prepared for. So its quite urgent (37) t

47、hem to learn how to operate as an enterprise and how to survive in the competitive market economy of the future. As a (38) , the healthcare sector was first opened to domestic private investors. Since the first private hospital opened in 1999, private investors from Shenzhen, Sichuan and Zhejiang pr

48、ovinces have been scrambling to enter Shanghai. (39) show that about 20 private hospitals have been set up in the city, although this number, (40) with more than 500 public hospitals, is still quite low.AexpectantBexpectancyCexpedienceDexpectorant 12.Successful innovations have driven many older technologies to extinction and have resulted in higher productivity, gr