2021山东职称英语考试模拟卷（2）.docx

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1、2021山东职称英语考试模拟卷（2）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1. 阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 Many IQ tests show that there are no significant differences in the mean, or average scores of IQ tests between men and women. When a new IQ test, is bei

2、ng constructed, it is quite easy to find testU (51) /Uthat are not answered correctlyU (52) /Uthe same proportions of men and women,U (53) /Uthese are usually then eliminated from the test. So, to someU (54) /Uthe fact that no differences are to be found in our current IQ tests between theU (55) /Uf

3、or the two sexes is hardly surprising. There are,U (56) /U, differences in the standard deviations(偏差)or variability of theU (57) /Uof the two sexes in many IQ tests,U (58) /Umen showing the greater variation. TheU (59) /Uof many IQ test scores are suchU (60) /Uthey approximate to the normal curve(正

4、规曲线). If we regard some arbitrary lower score on a test as a classification like educational subnormal(智力上逊常的人) (ESN) and some equally arbitraryU (61) /Uscore as gifted, we then find that there is higher ratio of ESN males to women and likewise weU (62) /Uthat there are more gifted men than women, e

5、ven though the average scores are the same. TheU (63) /Uof men and women are known to differ somewhat in size, with women having about 200g less tissueU (64) /Uthe other hand, they also tend toU (65) /Uless body mass, and over the phylogenetic(系统发育的)scale, the best index of species intelligence is t

6、he ratio of body mass to brain size. AbetweenBuponCbyDat 2.B第二篇/B Wash every day and youll die young, my son! People often said those words; long ago, of course. Napoleons wife had new clothes every month, instead of a bath. (Its quicker, She always said). Rich people did not often have a bath. They

7、 washed their hands and faces, but not their bodies. Many poor people did not wash at all. A young man once said to a doctor; Soap and water have never touched my body. (And the doctor answered. Thats true. I know. ) why didnt people wash in those days long ago Well, they did not have water in their

8、 house. They carried water from rivers or from holes in the ground ( = wells). Towns people bought it from a water-carrier. Sometimes it was expensive; and soap was always expensive. They drank water, of course; and so they were clean inside. They did not think about the outside! And this is true; t

9、hey just did not like a bath. Modern life is different. We use a lot of soap and water. And we are all quite clean. However, a few people use too much soap; and they often get ill. Who are these people Many young women work as hairdressers. They wash and then dress other womens hair. That is their j

10、ob, and they like it. Young hairdressers sometimes wash dirty heads on a busy day! Their hands are soapy for seven or eight hours; and that is not a good thing. A young hairdressers hands are often red and ugly; and she must then go to doctor.People in those days _. Adidnt think about the outside of

11、 their housesBonly thought about the inside of their housesCdidnt like to wash their bodies at allDonly liked to wash their hands and faces 3.B第三篇/B American society is not nap(午睡)friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. Theres ev

12、en a prohibition against admitting we need sleep. Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. we have to

13、totally change our attitude toward napping, says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an American sleep debt which one member said was a important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about

14、the dangers of sleepiness people causing industrial accidents of failing asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the Whiter House. According to recent reports, president Clinton is trying to take a half-hour snooze(打瞌睡 )every afternoon. About 60 percent of American adults

15、 nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have a mid-afternoon quiet phase also called a secondary sleep gate. Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap. We Superstars of snooze dont nap to replace lost shuteye or

16、to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we snack on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds and in libraries, offices and museums.The American sleep debt (Para. 3) is the result of _. Athe traditional

17、misconception the Americans have about sleepBthe new sleep policy of the Clinton AdministrationCthe rapid development of American industryDthe Americans worry about the danger or sleepiness 4. 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。 Among all cancers, lung cancer is the biggest killer: more than 100,0

18、00 Americans die of the disease each year. Giving up smoking is one way to reduce the risk, but another answer may lie in the kitchen, according to a report in British medical journal The Lancet. Since 1957, a team of researchers has monitored the dietary habits and medical histories of 2,000 middle

19、-aged men employed by the Western Electric Co. in Chicago. Led by Dr. Pritichard Shekelle of Chicagos Rush-Presbyterian-St. Lukes medical Centre, the team recently began to sort out the links between the subjects dietary patterns and cancer. Other animal and human studies has suggested that vitamin

20、A might offer some protection against lung cancer, but did not distinguish vitamin A made in the body from that in carotene (胡萝卜素), which is abundant in a variety of vegetables and fruits, including carrots, spinach, broccoli, squash, tomatoes and apples. The Western Electric study showed little cor

21、relation (相互关系)between the incidence of lung cancer and the consumption of foods containing performed vitamin A. But the data on carotene intake (摄入)revealed a significant relationship. Among the 488 men who had the lowest carotene consumption, there were 14 cases of lung cancer; in a group of the s

22、ame size that ate the most carotene, only two eases developed. The apparent protective effect of carotene held up even for long-time smokers. Further studies will be necessary before the link between lung cancer and carotene can be firmly established. Meanwhile, researchers warn against taking large

23、 amounts of vitamin-A supplements, which can be extremely poisonous in high doses. Instead, they advise a well-balanced diet that includes foods rich in carotene.Too much vitamin-A supplements can be poisonous. AA. RightBB. WrongCC. Not mentioned 5.B第一篇/B lacking a care for AIDS, society must offer

24、education, not only by public pronouncement but in classrooms. Those with AIDS or those at high risk of AIDS suffer prejudice, they are feared by some people who find living itself unsafe, while others conduct themselves with a bravado(冒险心理)that could be fatal. AIDS has afflicted a society already s

25、hort on humbanism, open-handedness and optimism. Attempts to strike it out with the offending microbe are not abetted(教唆)by pre-existing social ills. Such concerns impelled me to offer the first university-level undergraduate AIDS course, with its two important aims: To address the fact that AIDS is

26、 caused by a virus, not by moral failure or social collapse. The proper response to AIDS is compassion coupled with an understanding of the disease itself. We wanted to foster(help the growth of) the idea of a humane society. To describe how AIDS tests the institutions upon which our society rests.

27、The economy, the political system, science, the legal Establishment, the media and our moral ethical-philosophical attitudes must respond to the disease. Those responses, whispered, or shrieked, easily accepted or highly controversial, must be put in order if the nation is to manage AIDS. Scholars h

28、ave suggested that how a society deals with the threat of AIDS describes the extent to which that society has the right to call itself civilized. AIDS, then, is woven into the tapestry(挂毯)of modern society; in the course of explaining that tapestry, a teacher realizes that AIDS may bring about chang

29、es of historic proportions. Democracy obliges its educational system to prepare students to become informed citizens, to join their voices to the public debate in spried by AIDS. Who shall direct just what resources of manpower and money to the problem of AIDS Even more basic, who shall formulate a

30、national policy on AIDS The educational challenge, then, is to enlighten(启发)the individual and the social, or public , responses to AIDS.What does the author think is the correct response to AIDS AFear and contempt.BOptimism and bravado.CUnder standing and compassion.DResentment and avoidance. 6. 阅读

31、下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。 Many IQ tests show that there are no significant differences in the mean, or average scores of IQ tests between men and women. When a new IQ test, is being constructed, it is quite easy to find testU (51) /Uthat are not answered correctlyU (52) /Uthe

32、 same proportions of men and women,U (53) /Uthese are usually then eliminated from the test. So, to someU (54) /Uthe fact that no differences are to be found in our current IQ tests between theU (55) /Ufor the two sexes is hardly surprising. There are,U (56) /U, differences in the standard deviation

33、s(偏差)or variability of theU (57) /Uof the two sexes in many IQ tests,U (58) /Umen showing the greater variation. TheU (59) /Uof many IQ test scores are suchU (60) /Uthey approximate to the normal curve(正规曲线). If we regard some arbitrary lower score on a test as a classification like educational subn

34、ormal(智力上逊常的人) (ESN) and some equally arbitraryU (61) /Uscore as gifted, we then find that there is higher ratio of ESN males to women and likewise weU (62) /Uthat there are more gifted men than women, even though the average scores are the same. TheU (63) /Uof men and women are known to differ some

35、what in size, with women having about 200g less tissueU (64) /Uthe other hand, they also tend toU (65) /Uless body mass, and over the phylogenetic(系统发育的)scale, the best index of species intelligence is the ratio of body mass to brain size. AunlessBbutCwhileDmoreover 7.B第三篇/B American society is not

36、nap(午睡)friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. Theres even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep. Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven

37、, laziness nine and wickedness eleven Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. we have to totally change our attitude toward napping, says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. Last year a national commission led by Dement id

38、entified an American sleep debt which one member said was a important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness people causing industrial accidents of failing asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the Whiter House. According to r

39、ecent reports, president Clinton is trying to take a half-hour snooze(打瞌睡 )every afternoon. About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have a mid-afternoon quiet phase also called a secondary sleep gate. Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can

40、reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap. We Superstars of snooze dont nap to replace lost shuteye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we snack on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; o

41、n floors and beds and in libraries, offices and museums.The second sentence of the last paragraph tells us that it is _. Apreferable to have a sound sleep before a night shiftBgood practice to eat something light before we go to bedCessential to make up for cost sleepDnatural to take a nap whenever

42、we feel the need for it 8.B第二篇/B Wash every day and youll die young, my son! People often said those words; long ago, of course. Napoleons wife had new clothes every month, instead of a bath. (Its quicker, She always said). Rich people did not often have a bath. They washed their hands and faces, bu

43、t not their bodies. Many poor people did not wash at all. A young man once said to a doctor; Soap and water have never touched my body. (And the doctor answered. Thats true. I know. ) why didnt people wash in those days long ago Well, they did not have water in their house. They carried water from r

44、ivers or from holes in the ground ( = wells). Towns people bought it from a water-carrier. Sometimes it was expensive; and soap was always expensive. They drank water, of course; and so they were clean inside. They did not think about the outside! And this is true; they just did not like a bath. Mod

45、ern life is different. We use a lot of soap and water. And we are all quite clean. However, a few people use too much soap; and they often get ill. Who are these people Many young women work as hairdressers. They wash and then dress other womens hair. That is their job, and they like it. Young haird

46、ressers sometimes wash dirty heads on a busy day! Their hands are soapy for seven or eight hours; and that is not a good thing. A young hairdressers hands are often red and ugly; and she must then go to doctor.Who are the people that use too much soap in modern life AHairdressers.BMany young women.CPeople whose hands are red and ugly.DPeople whose hands are soapy. 9. 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。 Among all cancers, lung cancer is the biggest killer: more than 100,000 Americans die of the disease each year. Giving up smoking is one way to reduce the risk, but another answer may li