2021年北京考研英语考试考前冲刺卷（1）.docx

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1、2021年北京考研英语考试考前冲刺卷（1）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Text 3Potential AIDS victims who refuse to be tested for the disease and then defend their right to remain ignorant about whether they carry the virus are entitled to that right. But ignorance cannot be

2、used to rationalize irresponsibility. Nowhere in their argument is their concern about how such ignorance might endanger public health by exposing others to the virus.When a disease selectively attacks the socially disadvantaged, such as homosexuals and drug abusers, it seems an injustice beyond rat

3、ionalization. Such is the case with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.Some crucial facts: AIDS is a communicable disease. The percentage of those infected with the AIDS virus who will eventually contract the disease is unknown, but that percentage rises with each new estimate. The disease so far h

4、as been 100 potential. The latency period between the time the virus is acquired and the disease develops is also unknown.We now have tests for the presence of the virus that is as efficient and reliable as almost any diagnostic test in medicine. An individual who tests positive can be presumed with

5、 near-certainty to carry the virus, whether he has the disease or not.To state that the test for AIDS is ambiguous, as a clergyman recently in public, is a misstatement and an immoral act. The test correlates so consistently with the presence of the virus in bacteria cultures as to be considered 100

6、 percent certain by experts.Everyone who tests positive must understand that he is a potential person for the AIDS virus and has a moral duty and responsibility to prevent others from infection. We are not just dealing with the protection of the innocent but with an essential step lo contain the spr

7、ead of an epidemic as horrible as any that has befallen modern man.It may seem unfair to burden the tragic victims with concern for the welfare of others. But moral responsibility is not a luxury of the fortunate, and evil actions committed in despair cannot be condemned out of pity. It is morally w

8、rong for a healthy individual who tests positive for AIDS to be involved with anyone except under the strict precautions now defined as safe sex.It is morally wrong for someone in a high risk population who refuses to test himself to do other than to assume that he tests positive. It is morally wron

9、g for those who, out of sympathy for the heartbreaking victims of this epidemic, as though well-wishing and platitudes about the ambiguities of the disease are necessary in order to comfort the victims while they contribute to enlarging the number of those victims. Moral responsibility is the burden

10、 of the sick as well as the healthy.In the passage, the author intends to tell us that（）Athose who refuse to be tested for AIDS are justifiable.Bpeople should take precautions against AIDS.Cpeople should condemn those who are irresponsible.Dthe sick should take the moral responsibility of protecting

11、 public health.2.Text 3Potential AIDS victims who refuse to be tested for the disease and then defend their right to remain ignorant about whether they carry the virus are entitled to that right. But ignorance cannot be used to rationalize irresponsibility. Nowhere in their argument is their concern

12、 about how such ignorance might endanger public health by exposing others to the virus.When a disease selectively attacks the socially disadvantaged, such as homosexuals and drug abusers, it seems an injustice beyond rationalization. Such is the case with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.Some cru

13、cial facts: AIDS is a communicable disease. The percentage of those infected with the AIDS virus who will eventually contract the disease is unknown, but that percentage rises with each new estimate. The disease so far has been 100 potential. The latency period between the time the virus is acquired

14、 and the disease develops is also unknown.We now have tests for the presence of the virus that is as efficient and reliable as almost any diagnostic test in medicine. An individual who tests positive can be presumed with near-certainty to carry the virus, whether he has the disease or not.To state t

15、hat the test for AIDS is ambiguous, as a clergyman recently in public, is a misstatement and an immoral act. The test correlates so consistently with the presence of the virus in bacteria cultures as to be considered 100 percent certain by experts.Everyone who tests positive must understand that he

16、is a potential person for the AIDS virus and has a moral duty and responsibility to prevent others from infection. We are not just dealing with the protection of the innocent but with an essential step lo contain the spread of an epidemic as horrible as any that has befallen modern man.It may seem u

17、nfair to burden the tragic victims with concern for the welfare of others. But moral responsibility is not a luxury of the fortunate, and evil actions committed in despair cannot be condemned out of pity. It is morally wrong for a healthy individual who tests positive for AIDS to be involved with an

18、yone except under the strict precautions now defined as safe sex.It is morally wrong for someone in a high risk population who refuses to test himself to do other than to assume that he tests positive. It is morally wrong for those who, out of sympathy for the heartbreaking victims of this epidemic,

19、 as though well-wishing and platitudes about the ambiguities of the disease are necessary in order to comfort the victims while they contribute to enlarging the number of those victims. Moral responsibility is the burden of the sick as well as the healthy.As for whether potential AIDS victims carryi

20、ng the virus, the author suggests that（）Athey have the right to. be kept in the dark.Bthey have the right to be protected.Cignorance may result in serious consequences.Dignorance may bring indifference to the disease.3.Text 3Potential AIDS victims who refuse to be tested for the disease and then def

21、end their right to remain ignorant about whether they carry the virus are entitled to that right. But ignorance cannot be used to rationalize irresponsibility. Nowhere in their argument is their concern about how such ignorance might endanger public health by exposing others to the virus.When a dise

22、ase selectively attacks the socially disadvantaged, such as homosexuals and drug abusers, it seems an injustice beyond rationalization. Such is the case with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.Some crucial facts: AIDS is a communicable disease. The percentage of those infected with the AIDS virus w

23、ho will eventually contract the disease is unknown, but that percentage rises with each new estimate. The disease so far has been 100 potential. The latency period between the time the virus is acquired and the disease develops is also unknown.We now have tests for the presence of the virus that is

24、as efficient and reliable as almost any diagnostic test in medicine. An individual who tests positive can be presumed with near-certainty to carry the virus, whether he has the disease or not.To state that the test for AIDS is ambiguous, as a clergyman recently in public, is a misstatement and an im

25、moral act. The test correlates so consistently with the presence of the virus in bacteria cultures as to be considered 100 percent certain by experts.Everyone who tests positive must understand that he is a potential person for the AIDS virus and has a moral duty and responsibility to prevent others

26、 from infection. We are not just dealing with the protection of the innocent but with an essential step lo contain the spread of an epidemic as horrible as any that has befallen modern man.It may seem unfair to burden the tragic victims with concern for the welfare of others. But moral responsibilit

27、y is not a luxury of the fortunate, and evil actions committed in despair cannot be condemned out of pity. It is morally wrong for a healthy individual who tests positive for AIDS to be involved with anyone except under the strict precautions now defined as safe sex.It is morally wrong for someone i

28、n a high risk population who refuses to test himself to do other than to assume that he tests positive. It is morally wrong for those who, out of sympathy for the heartbreaking victims of this epidemic, as though well-wishing and platitudes about the ambiguities of the disease are necessary in order

29、 to comfort the victims while they contribute to enlarging the number of those victims. Moral responsibility is the burden of the sick as well as the healthy.According to experts, the test for AIDS is（）A100 percent certainty connected with the presence of the virus in cultures.Bambiguous because eve

30、n they themselves are not certain.Cinaccurate because there are consistently confusing results.Dnot connected with the presence of the virus.4.Text 4Adam Smith, the Scottish professor of moral philosophy, was thrilled by his recognition of order in the economic system. His book, the Wealth of Nation

31、s (1776), is the germinal book in the field of economics which earned him the title the father of economics.In Smith’s view, a nation’s wealth was dependent upon production, not agriculture alone. How much it produced, he believed, depended upon how well it combined labor and the other f

32、actors of production. The more efficient the combination, the greater the output, and the greater the nation’s wealth.The essence of Smith’s economic philosophy was his belief that an economy would work best if left to function on its own without government regulation. In those circumsta

33、nces, self-interest would lead business firms to produce only those products that consumers wanted, and to produce them at the lowest possible cost. They would do this, not as a means of benefiting society, but in an effort to outperform their competitors and gain the greatest profit. But all this s

34、elf-interest would benefit society as a whole by providing it with more and better goods and service, at the lowest prices.Smith said in his book: Every individual endeavors to employ his capital so that its produce may be of greatest value. He generally doesn’t intend to promote the public in

35、terest. He intends only his own security, only his gain. And he is in this led by an invisible hand to promote that which was no part of his intention.The invisible hand was Smiths’ name for the economic forces that we today would call supply and demand. Smith agreed with the physiocrats and t

36、heir policy of laissez faire, letting individuals and businesses function without interference from government regulation. In that way the in-visible hand would be free to guide the economy and maximize production.Smith was very critical of monopolies which restricted the competition that he saw as

37、vital for economic prosperity. He recognized that the virtues of the market mechanism are fully realized only when the checks and balances of perfect competition are present. Perfect competition refers to a market in which no firm or consumer is large enough to affect the market price. The invisible

38、 hand theory is about economies in which all the markets are perfectly competitive. In such circumstances, markets will produce an efficient allocation of resources, so that an economy is on its production-possibility frontier. When all industries are subject to the checks and balances of perfect co

39、mpetition, markets can produce an efficient bundle of products with the most efficient techniques and using the minimum amount of inputs. But when monopolies become pervasive, the remarkable efficiency properties of the invisible economic philosophy disappear.Which of the following can best summariz

40、e the way the author writes the passage（）AAn argument against a popular belief.BAn assumption of a false theory.CAn explanation of a theory.DAn account of a phenomenon.5.Text 3Potential AIDS victims who refuse to be tested for the disease and then defend their right to remain ignorant about whether

41、they carry the virus are entitled to that right. But ignorance cannot be used to rationalize irresponsibility. Nowhere in their argument is their concern about how such ignorance might endanger public health by exposing others to the virus.When a disease selectively attacks the socially disadvantage

42、d, such as homosexuals and drug abusers, it seems an injustice beyond rationalization. Such is the case with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.Some crucial facts: AIDS is a communicable disease. The percentage of those infected with the AIDS virus who will eventually contract the disease is unknow

43、n, but that percentage rises with each new estimate. The disease so far has been 100 potential. The latency period between the time the virus is acquired and the disease develops is also unknown.We now have tests for the presence of the virus that is as efficient and reliable as almost any diagnosti

44、c test in medicine. An individual who tests positive can be presumed with near-certainty to carry the virus, whether he has the disease or not.To state that the test for AIDS is ambiguous, as a clergyman recently in public, is a misstatement and an immoral act. The test correlates so consistently wi

45、th the presence of the virus in bacteria cultures as to be considered 100 percent certain by experts.Everyone who tests positive must understand that he is a potential person for the AIDS virus and has a moral duty and responsibility to prevent others from infection. We are not just dealing with the

46、 protection of the innocent but with an essential step lo contain the spread of an epidemic as horrible as any that has befallen modern man.It may seem unfair to burden the tragic victims with concern for the welfare of others. But moral responsibility is not a luxury of the fortunate, and evil acti

47、ons committed in despair cannot be condemned out of pity. It is morally wrong for a healthy individual who tests positive for AIDS to be involved with anyone except under the strict precautions now defined as safe sex.It is morally wrong for someone in a high risk population who refuses to test hims

48、elf to do other than to assume that he tests positive. It is morally wrong for those who, out of sympathy for the heartbreaking victims of this epidemic, as though well-wishing and platitudes about the ambiguities of the disease are necessary in order to comfort the victims while they contribute to

49、enlarging the number of those victims. Moral responsibility is the burden of the sick as well as the healthy.The last three sentences in the passage serve to（）Arestate the author’s purpose in the writing.Bblame those who refuse to be tested for AIDS.Cemphasize the importance of the test for AIDS.Dconclude the essay by restating the main arguments.6.Text 4Adam Smith, the Scottish professor of moral philosophy, was thrilled by his recognition of order in the economic system. His book