1专题一名词.ppt

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1、 专题一 名词 知 识 导 图目 录目 录 重 难 选 讲目 录 名词的数1.名词的分类考点1类别意义例词普通名词可数名词个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体。student,desk集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体。family,class不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物。tea,water,sand抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。work,time,news目 录专有名词表示地名、人名、语言、组织机构、月份、星期、节日等（专有名词的首字母需要大写）。Shanghai,Tommy,Japanese,WTO,January,Friday目 录2.可数名词可数名词有单数和复数

2、两种形式。其复数形式分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。(1)规则变化 cap-caps task-tasks star-stars tree-trees stomach-stomaches house-houses exercise-exercisesA.绝大多数名词的复数形式在单数形式后加-SB.以字母x、s 、ch、 sh 结尾的名词在其后加-esbus-buses box-boxes watch-watches dish-dishes class-classes目 录C.（1）以辅音字母以辅音字母+ y结尾的名词需把结尾的名词需把y 变为变为i再加再加-es storystories bab

3、ybabies countrycountries partyparties （2）以元音字母以元音字母+ y结尾的名词在后面直接加结尾的名词在后面直接加-s daydays boy- boys toy-toysD.以以-f 或或-fe结尾的可数名词结尾的可数名词,先将先将 f 或或fe 变成变成 v 再加再加-es shelf-shelves lifelives knife-knives leaf-leaves wifewives halfhalves特殊特殊:roof-roofs目 录E.（1）以元音字母）以元音字母+o结尾的名词，以及某些以结尾的名词，以及某些以 o结结尾尾 的的 外来词，

4、变为复数时只加外来词，变为复数时只加-S radioradios zoo-zoos bamboo-bamboos （2）以辅音字母）以辅音字母+o结尾的名词变为复数结尾的名词变为复数+es, potato-potatoes hero-heroes tomatotomatoes 但但pianopianos,photo-photos除外除外. 目 录 (2)不规则变化内部元音字母发生变化。如:foot- feet man-menmouse- mice woman- womenpoliceman- policemen tooth- teethgoose- geese（鹅）词尾发生变化。如:ox- o

5、xen（公牛） child- children目 录有个别名词单复数形式一样。如:deer- deer（鹿） fish- fishsheep-sheep works-works（工厂）表示“某国人”的复数形式表示“某国人”的名词变复数遵循以下规律：中、日、瑞士不变，英法联盟a变e（man-men），其他要把s加后面。a.单复数同形。如:Chinese- Chinese Japanese- Japanese目 录Swiss- Swissb.变man为men。如:Frenchman-Frenchmen Englishman-Englishmenc.词尾加-s。如:German-Germans Ru

6、ssian-RussiansAustralian-Australians American-AmericansRoman-Romans Indian-Indians通常只用复数形式的名词。如：目 录glasses 眼镜 trousers 裤子clothes 衣服 scissors 剪刀chopsticks 筷子复合名词的复数形式a.把复合词中的中心词变复数。如:a son-in-lawsons-in-law 女婿目 录b.当第一部分为man或woman时,两部分皆变复数。如:a man teacher- two men teachersa woman doctor- three women d

7、octors目 录3.不可数名词（1）不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如：The coffee is too hot to drink.咖啡太烫了无法喝。（2）不可数名词前不能用不定冠词（a/an）或数词（one,two,.）修饰。（3）要表示不可数名词的数量需要借助于“a+单位词（可数名词）+of+不可数名词”短语，数量大于一时把a变为具体数词，单位词变为复数形式。目 录如：a bowl of water一碗水 two cups of tea两杯茶（4）能修饰不可数名词的词或短语有much, little,a little, a bit of,some, any,a lo

8、t of/lots of, plenty of等，以此来表示大概的数量。如：much bread许多面包 a little milk 一点牛奶a lot of work大量的工作（5）常见不可数名词：目 录music（音乐），news（新闻），advice（建议），work（工作），information（信息），weather（天气），traffic（交通），experience（经验）等。目 录【考点训练1】1.China is one of the biggest _ （country） in the world.2.Mr.Wang gives me some _（advice） on

9、how to study English.3.There are four _ (Japanese) and two _ (German) in the group.countriesadviceJapanese Germans 目 录4.What would you like to drink，sir？_ . （ ）A.Two coffeeB.Two cups of coffeeC.Two cups coffeeD.Two cups of coffeesB目 录考点2名词所有格 Mikes bag the boys knife3.不规则名词不规则名词复数复数的所有格的所有格,即词尾不是以即词

10、尾不是以-s结尾的单词结尾的单词,在词后在词后 加加s , 如如: Womens Day mens clothes shop1.有生命的东西有生命的东西所有格用所有格用s 的形式的形式2.在在词尾有词尾有-S的复数名词的复数名词所有格所有格,只在词尾加只在词尾加,读音与名词变复数同读音与名词变复数同 the students books the teachers office 4.如果事物为如果事物为 2人或人或2人以上共同所有，在最后一个名词后加人以上共同所有，在最后一个名词后加-s; 珍妮和海伦的房间珍妮和海伦的房间 Jenny and Helens room目 录Jennys and H

11、elens rooms5.如果事物不是如果事物不是 2人或人或2人共同所有，而是分别有的人共同所有，而是分别有的,则在则在 2个名词个名词 后都加后都加-s 珍妮的房间和海伦的房间珍妮的房间和海伦的房间6. 有些表示有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生 命的命的东西东西，也可以加也可以加 -s 构成所有格构成所有格 2小时路程小时路程 南宁最好的公园南宁最好的公园 今日报纸今日报纸 车站休息室车站休息室two hours walkNannings best parktodays newspaper the stations waiting-room目

12、 录8. 无生命的东西无生命的东西一般用一般用“ of +名词名词”的形式表示其所有格的形式表示其所有格the door of the room the wall of the park at my uncles = at my uncles home at a tailors = at a tailors shop9. 表示类别的名词作定语，不用所有格表示类别的名词作定语，不用所有格 a silk hat cotton clotha coffee cup7. 表示某人的表示某人的家、店铺、诊所家、店铺、诊所时，常时，常省略省略所有格后面的所有格后面的名词名词目 录 my teachers o

13、ffice students exercise books Childrens Palace todays newspaper15 minutes walk = a 15-minute walk at the butchers = at the butchers shop to Toms = to Toms house 1 我老师的办公室我老师的办公室2 学生们学生们 的练习本的练习本3 少年宫少年宫4 今天的报纸今天的报纸5 十五分钟的路程十五分钟的路程6 在肉店在肉店7 到汤姆家去到汤姆家去目 录8 广西的省会广西的省会9 教室的门教室的门10 我父亲的一个朋友我父亲的一个朋友11 他的两

14、个兄弟他的两个兄弟12 爱迪生的一些发明爱迪生的一些发明13 他弟弟的一张照片他弟弟的一张照片(照照片属于他弟弟片属于他弟弟)14 他弟弟的一张照片他弟弟的一张照片(照照片里的人是他弟弟片里的人是他弟弟)the capital of Guangxithe doors of the classrooma friend of my father (s)two brothers of hissome inventions of Edisons a picture of his brothers a picture of his brother目 录1. 1. 当当class, family, tea

15、m, group, public class, family, team, group, public 等集体名词做主语等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。具体成员时，就用复数。e.g The class e.g The class areare waiting for her. waiting for her. Toms family _ rather big. Toms family _ rather big. Toms family _ are film fans Toms family _ a

16、re film fans. . is aree.g The news e.g The news makes makes her very happy.her very happy. Maths _ not easy for him. Maths _ not easy for him. is目 录3 3. . 像像 chopsticks, shoes, glasses, chopsticks, shoes, glasses, trousers trousers等表示复数含义的词，动词用复数。等表示复数含义的词，动词用复数。e.g The shoes e.g The shoes are are h

17、ers.hers. 但是但是: : A pair ofA pair of glasses _ on the table. glasses _ on the table. Two pairs ofTwo pairs of glasses _ on the table.glasses _ on the table. is are4. police, people(4. police, people(人们人们), youth(), youth(青年们青年们) ) 只有单数形式，只有单数形式，但表示复数意义，动词用复数。但表示复数意义，动词用复数。e.g The police e.g The poli

18、ce areare gathering in the street. gathering in the street. The Chinese people _ peace. The Chinese people _ peace. love但是: people当“民族”，youth当“男青年”讲时，有单复数之分 e.g He e.g He is is a youth of 20.a youth of 20. Many English-speaking people Many English-speaking peoples s _ this book._ this book. like目 录5

19、. 5. 像像deerdeer、sheepsheep等单复同形的词，动词单复根据等单复同形的词，动词单复根据 具体情况定具体情况定e.g A deer is over there in the field. e.g A deer is over there in the field. A group of deer _ over there in the field. A group of deer _ over there in the field. areare6.6. The poet and musician _ at the party. The poet and musician

20、_ at the party. The singer and dancer _ just arrived. The singer and dancer _ just arrived. The bread and the butter _ ready. The bread and the butter _ ready. Bread and butter Bread and butter _ her usual breakfast. _ her usual breakfast. 涂了黄油的面包涂了黄油的面包 was has are is目 录8. Both 8. Both and and 的谓语动

21、词用复数形式。的谓语动词用复数形式。e.g. Both he and his father _ there.e.g. Both he and his father _ there. were7. 7. 采取就近一致原则的句型结构：采取就近一致原则的句型结构： There be There be e.g. There _ a book and two apples on the desk.e.g. There _ a book and two apples on the desk. not onlybut alsonot onlybut also e.g Not only you but als

22、o he _ right.e.g Not only you but also he _ right. eitheror eitheror e.g Either he or I _ wrong.e.g Either he or I _ wrong. neithernor neithernor e.g Neither she nor I _ right. e.g Neither she nor I _ right. is is am am9.9. 表示时间、距离表示时间、距离 、金额、度量、书名、国名等的、金额、度量、书名、国名等的 复数名词，看作整体，动词用单数。复数名词，看作整体，动词用单数。

23、 e.g Eight hours of sleep_ enough for you .e.g Eight hours of sleep_ enough for you . Ten dollars _ too much to pay. Ten dollars _ too much to pay. is is 目 录 10. each + 10. each + 单数名词单数名词 + and + each + + and + each + 单数名词单数名词 every +every +单数名词单数名词 + and +every + + and +every + 单数名词单数名词 no +no +单数

24、名词单数名词 + and + no + + and + no + 单数名词单数名词 each of + each of + 复数名词复数名词 one of + one of + 复数名词复数名词many a + many a + 单数名词单数名词every / each +every / each +单数名词单数名词+ and + + and + 单数名词单数名词 等结构做主语时，动词用单数。等结构做主语时，动词用单数。 e.g.e.g. Each boy and each girl _ seen the film. Each boy and each girl _ seen the film

25、. No teacher and no student No teacher and no student _ come yet._ come yet. Every knife, fork , and spoon _ to be bought. Every knife, fork , and spoon _ to be bought. Each of the students _ a dictionary. Each of the students _ a dictionary. hashas has has目 录The Browns is going to visit China. ( )T

26、he Browns are going to visit China. ( )The young is dancing there. ( )The young are dancing there. ( )Physics are very difficult to learn. ( )Physics is very difficult to learn. ( )We have five Germen in this meeting. ( )We have five Germans in this meeting. ( )This is one of the English-Chinese dic

27、tionary. ( )This is one of the English-Chinese dictionaries. ( ) 目 录【考点训练2】1.Its twenty _ (minute) walk from my home to the zoo.2.Tea is one of the _ （world） favorite drinks.3.Today is _ Day，so many children bought presents for their mothers. （ ）A.the Mothers B.the MothersC.Mothers D.Mothersminutes worldsC