2021年贵州职称英语考试考前冲刺卷（2）.docx

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1、2021年贵州职称英语考试考前冲刺卷（2）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Exercising Your Memory 1 Aging does not mean a dramatic decline in memory power, unless you help it help by letting your mind go. 2 Thats not to say that memory doesnt change throughout life. Researchers

2、 divide memory into categories based on the length of time when memories are stored. One system divides it up as short-term (less than one minute; remembering a telephone number while you dial, for instance), long-term (over a period of years) and very long-term memory (over a lifetime). 3 Short-ter

3、m memory isnt mastered until about age 7, but after that you never lose it. Long-term memory, however, involves more effort and skill and changes through life. Its not until the early teens that most people develop a mature long-term memory. 4 First, we must get information into our heads through le

4、arning. Learning strategies can get rusty (生锈的，迟钝的) without constant use. High school and college students, who are forced to repeatedly exercise their long-term memory abilities (at least long-term enough to get them through a final exam), usually do well on memory tests. The longer you stay in sch

5、ool, the more chance you get to polish your learning skills. Its no wonder that more highly educated people have more effective memory skills throughout life. 5 Although older people in general learn somewhat more slowly than they did when younger, a dramatic difference exists between those who stay

6、 intellectually active - reading, discussing, taking classes, thinking - and those who do not. Giving the brain a daily workout is just as important as exercising your muscles. Brainwork keeps your learning strategies in shape, and this helps your memory to function at full capacity. 6 The next part

7、 of a healthy long-term memory is retention（保持力，记忆力）, the ability to store what you have learned. Memory researchers still do not know whether memories are lost - whether they still exist in the brain nut our mental searching cannot turn them up, or have disappeared entirely as our brain ages. 7 The

8、 third necessity for memory is recall, the ability to mind the memories we have stored. Again, while aging has widely different effects on the recall abilities of different people, research indicates that the older we get, the longer it takes to recall facts. But slower recall is still recall. In fa

9、ct, aging does not seem to have any effect on forgetting at all, which takes place at the same rate in younger and older people. 23. Paragraph 3_ 24. Paragraph 4 _ 25. Paragraph 5_ 26. Paragraph 6 _ A. Effects of aging on a persons recall ability B. short-term memory versus long-term memory C. reten

10、tion as the second necessity for memory D. like between learning strategies and effective memory skills E. Significance of exercising your muscles F. importance of staying intellectually active 27. Retention refers to _. 28. The rate of forgetting is the same _. 29. Remembering something all your li

11、fe _. 30. Exercising your brain every day is beneficial _. A. to the proper function of your memory B. is called long-term memory C. the capacity to store what you have learned D. belongs to every long-term memory E. the ability to remain mentally healthy F. for younger and older people 2.Using HIV

12、Virus to Cure Cancer Scientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV), one of mankinds most feared viruses, as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured. The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the bodys immune(免疫的)

13、defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients bodies, according to the Observer. A team at the California-based Salk Institute, one of the worlds leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the US

14、Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy(治疗) trials this year. The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have” far wider applications”. The

15、 plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades. Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was “shocking” but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by

16、having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed. Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patients body fails to work properly. In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics(遗传学)have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally

17、. Unfortunately, the bodys immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier. The HIV virus has the ability to escape from, and then destroy, the

18、immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients bodies.HIV can be safely used to cure cancer only if the deadly genes have been removed.A RightBWrongCNot mentioned 3.Exercising Your Memory 1

19、 Aging does not mean a dramatic decline in memory power, unless you help it help by letting your mind go. 2 Thats not to say that memory doesnt change throughout life. Researchers divide memory into categories based on the length of time when memories are stored. One system divides it up as short-te

20、rm (less than one minute; remembering a telephone number while you dial, for instance), long-term (over a period of years) and very long-term memory (over a lifetime). 3 Short-term memory isnt mastered until about age 7, but after that you never lose it. Long-term memory, however, involves more effo

21、rt and skill and changes through life. Its not until the early teens that most people develop a mature long-term memory. 4 First, we must get information into our heads through learning. Learning strategies can get rusty (生锈的，迟钝的) without constant use. High school and college students, who are force

22、d to repeatedly exercise their long-term memory abilities (at least long-term enough to get them through a final exam), usually do well on memory tests. The longer you stay in school, the more chance you get to polish your learning skills. Its no wonder that more highly educated people have more eff

23、ective memory skills throughout life. 5 Although older people in general learn somewhat more slowly than they did when younger, a dramatic difference exists between those who stay intellectually active - reading, discussing, taking classes, thinking - and those who do not. Giving the brain a daily w

24、orkout is just as important as exercising your muscles. Brainwork keeps your learning strategies in shape, and this helps your memory to function at full capacity. 6 The next part of a healthy long-term memory is retention（保持力，记忆力）, the ability to store what you have learned. Memory researchers stil

25、l do not know whether memories are lost - whether they still exist in the brain nut our mental searching cannot turn them up, or have disappeared entirely as our brain ages. 7 The third necessity for memory is recall, the ability to mind the memories we have stored. Again, while aging has widely dif

26、ferent effects on the recall abilities of different people, research indicates that the older we get, the longer it takes to recall facts. But slower recall is still recall. In fact, aging does not seem to have any effect on forgetting at all, which takes place at the same rate in younger and older

27、people. 23. Paragraph 3_ 24. Paragraph 4 _ 25. Paragraph 5_ 26. Paragraph 6 _ A. Effects of aging on a persons recall ability B. short-term memory versus long-term memory C. retention as the second necessity for memory D. like between learning strategies and effective memory skills E. Significance o

28、f exercising your muscles F. importance of staying intellectually active 27. Retention refers to _. 28. The rate of forgetting is the same _. 29. Remembering something all your life _. 30. Exercising your brain every day is beneficial _. A. to the proper function of your memory B. is called long-ter

29、m memory C. the capacity to store what you have learned D. belongs to every long-term memory E. the ability to remain mentally healthy F. for younger and older people 4.Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer Scientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV), one of mankinds most feared v

30、iruses, as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured. The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the bodys immune(免疫的)defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients bodies, according to the Observer. A team at the C

31、alifornia-based Salk Institute, one of the worlds leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy(治疗) trials this year. The first trials are expected to in

32、volve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have” far wider applications”. The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 mill

33、ion deaths around the world in the past two decades. Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was “shocking” but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed. Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a pat

34、ients body fails to work properly. In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics(遗传学)have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally. Unfortunately, the bodys immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects

35、before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier. The HIV virus has the ability to escape from, and then destroy, the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conve

36、ying replacement genes into patients bodies.The HIV virus is an excellent warrior to fight the bodys immune cells.ARightBWrongC Not mentioned 5.Exercising Your Memory 1 Aging does not mean a dramatic decline in memory power, unless you help it help by letting your mind go. 2 Thats not to say that me

37、mory doesnt change throughout life. Researchers divide memory into categories based on the length of time when memories are stored. One system divides it up as short-term (less than one minute; remembering a telephone number while you dial, for instance), long-term (over a period of years) and very

38、long-term memory (over a lifetime). 3 Short-term memory isnt mastered until about age 7, but after that you never lose it. Long-term memory, however, involves more effort and skill and changes through life. Its not until the early teens that most people develop a mature long-term memory. 4 First, we

39、 must get information into our heads through learning. Learning strategies can get rusty (生锈的，迟钝的) without constant use. High school and college students, who are forced to repeatedly exercise their long-term memory abilities (at least long-term enough to get them through a final exam), usually do w

40、ell on memory tests. The longer you stay in school, the more chance you get to polish your learning skills. Its no wonder that more highly educated people have more effective memory skills throughout life. 5 Although older people in general learn somewhat more slowly than they did when younger, a dr

41、amatic difference exists between those who stay intellectually active - reading, discussing, taking classes, thinking - and those who do not. Giving the brain a daily workout is just as important as exercising your muscles. Brainwork keeps your learning strategies in shape, and this helps your memor

42、y to function at full capacity. 6 The next part of a healthy long-term memory is retention（保持力，记忆力）, the ability to store what you have learned. Memory researchers still do not know whether memories are lost - whether they still exist in the brain nut our mental searching cannot turn them up, or hav

43、e disappeared entirely as our brain ages. 7 The third necessity for memory is recall, the ability to mind the memories we have stored. Again, while aging has widely different effects on the recall abilities of different people, research indicates that the older we get, the longer it takes to recall

44、facts. But slower recall is still recall. In fact, aging does not seem to have any effect on forgetting at all, which takes place at the same rate in younger and older people. 23. Paragraph 3_ 24. Paragraph 4 _ 25. Paragraph 5_ 26. Paragraph 6 _ A. Effects of aging on a persons recall ability B. sho

45、rt-term memory versus long-term memory C. retention as the second necessity for memory D. like between learning strategies and effective memory skills E. Significance of exercising your muscles F. importance of staying intellectually active 27. Retention refers to _. 28. The rate of forgetting is th

46、e same _. 29. Remembering something all your life _. 30. Exercising your brain every day is beneficial _. A. to the proper function of your memory B. is called long-term memory C. the capacity to store what you have learned D. belongs to every long-term memory E. the ability to remain mentally healt

47、hy F. for younger and older people 6.Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer Scientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV), one of mankinds most feared viruses, as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured. The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the bodys immune(免疫的)defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients bodies, according to the Observer. A team at the California