2021江苏公共英语考试真题卷（6）.docx

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1、2021江苏公共英语考试真题卷（6）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Minimizing the environmental damage that new roads cause is generally regarded as a good thing. But to do that, it helps to understand just how new roads cause the damage of which they are accused.Recently,

2、 a group of researchers led by Dr Gonzalez conducted an experiment which shows what ecologists have long suspected, but never been able to prove: that immigration is good for the health of animal populations.A road destroys only a small part of the habitat it traverses, and thus annihilates just a f

3、ew local populations of creatures. So the argument that road-building itself is bad for biodiversity is not self-evidently correct. Those who nevertheless hold this view usually point to a piece of ecological theory called meta-population dynamics. This says that apparently separate local population

4、s of animals are, in fact, parts of much larger populations connected via migration.According to this theory, when a local population flounders because of an epidemic, for example individuals from neighboring communities can fill the gaps. So the more such communities there are, the better the chanc

5、e of a given local population remaining healthy.The implications of the theory for conservation are straightforward. Cut local populations off from each other and each is more likely to disappear. And roads are good at doing just that. Testing the theory with experimental roads, however, would be ex

6、pensive. Dr Gonzalez’s brainwave was to do the whole thing on a much smaller scale.Instead of studying, say. a forest, the team looked at moss-covered rocks. These support diverse population of tiny arthropods (insects, mites and so on). On some rocks the researchers left the moss untouched; o

7、n others they scraped roadways across to leave isolated parts. After waiting six months, they found that in the disturbed habitats nearly all the bug populations had declined compared with the undisturbed moss, and 40% of the species had become extinct.The real test of the recta-population hypothesi

8、s came in the second part of the experiment. In this, the researchers scraped away moss much as before, but they left narrow moss paths to bridge the no-bug’s-land between islands. These connected patches were still not as healthy after six months as the unsullied moss, but they did far better

9、 than isolated islands a result that supports the notion that population exchange is necessary to keep an ecosystem healthy.Whether these results can be translated to large-scale ecosystems remains uncertain. But if they can, they would cause more, not less, concern about the ecological effects of r

10、oad-building. On the other hand, they also suggest a way out.In Britain, tunnels are often built under roads for animals of regular habits, such as badgers, to be able to travel their traditional routes without having to tangle with the traffic. Extending that principle, perhaps with special bridges

11、 that can support local vegetation and thus allow animals the illusion of an uninterrupted habits, might be a cheap way of letting man and nature rub along a bit better.Those who hold the theory meta-population dynamics believe that migration ().A. does more harm than good to animal populationsB. ke

12、eps local animals and insects healthyC. has little effect on animal populationsD. helps local animal populations to grow2.Schools used to be considered places to prepare young people for life. After their education was finished, they were supposed to get ready to go out into the real world. But many

13、 adults these days are coming back to schools of continuing education and centers of lifelong learning. They feel that one’s education is never really ended, because one is never too old to learn.A fast-growing number of older students are helping schools that once ignored their needs. Filling

14、 empty seats in classrooms from Maine to Hawaii, students who are 25 and older are having a great effect on all fields of higher education. In all, there are 17 million of them. Programs include courses offered by high schools, local governments, federal agencies, and private groups. But it is at th

15、e college level where effects are the greatest. Educators say the registration of older students is caused by a growing feeling of Americans that education is a life-long effort. It has provided new variety as well as needed dollars to schools, traditionally intended for students in their teens anti

16、 early twenties.According to Census Bureau estimates, Olin Cook, Director of Higher Education for the state of Arkansas, says: Adult education will keep the classes filled and the bills paid.Teachers say that there has been a definite effect on classrooms and course work. Older students are describe

17、d as more serious and mature, frequently more demanding of instructors, and more willing to contribute personal experiences to discussions. They realize that they are here to do X, Y, Z, and they want the professor to teach them that. They are very attentive and concerned. A Michigan educator, Elino

18、r P. Waters says that the presence of older students on campus will take us a step closer to the real world; there will he fewer irrelevant courses and more practical ones.Why do adults want to re-enter academic life School administrators say high unemployment is one of the biggest reasons, forcing

19、many Americans to develop new skills. In addition, a large number of women who left school to raise families or who want jobs that require a college diploma are going back to school. College graduates are returning for second degrees to start new careers. And there are thousands of retired persons w

20、ho are seeking good use of their free time.Many students feel that they are better prepared for learning than they were when they were younger. For example, Jane Pirozzolo, who will soon receive a degree in English from Boston University, graduated from junior college in 1967 and has worked as a sec

21、retary since then Explaining her decision to return to school, she says: I felt overqualified for the jobs I was doing, and they were becoming increasingly boring. Now I feel I can understand what the professor wants, and I can study and read better than I could ten years ago. I feel like I’m

22、one step ahead of the young students.Most educators are convinced that the growth of adult learning is an important change in American education. Proof of the great interest in adult education is the action being taken to attract adult students.Adult education helps to ().A. develop tourismB. increa

23、se the population of the middle classC. raise the standard of livingD. increase the schools’ finances3.Questions 11 to 13 are based on a news report about a tornado which hit parts of Mexico. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 to 13.W: Welcome to the 9 o’clock news of CDB, I&rs

24、quo;m Susan Morphy. A tornado hit the northwestern parts of Mexico, and caused severe casualties. Though there had been warnings beforehand, as the tornado went slightly away from the predicted route, many people failed to escape from its fatal sweeps. According to the first estimate, at least 200 p

25、eople were killed and about 30000 became homeless. Let’s now connect to Tim Hudson, our correspondent there, for some more details. Hi, Tim. Can you give us a report about the tornado thereM: Hi, Susan. As you all know, the tornado has caused great losses. There had been some warnings about th

26、e tornado before it arrived. But it came slightly away from the predicted route, and, moreover, it came to the densely populated area about 2 a. m. , when most people were in sound sleep. A lot of buildings have become topless, and many large trees have been rooted up.W: What about the casualtiesM:

27、There has been no exact report about it so far. According to some reliable estimate, there were no less than 200 of them. As a heavy rain went with tornado, some parts of the city where I’m standing have been cut off and isolated by the flood. We don’t know what had exactly happened to t

28、hose parts.W: How about the rescue workM: As a matter of fact, the local government wasted no time. Just about 20 minutes after the tornado had passed, the local TV and broadcast started to give instructions on the locations of emergency centers in different districts of the city. Early this morning

29、, a team from the Mexican government has arrived. Actually, I’m just back from the airport.W: Thank you, Tim. Now let’s move on to other news.What was the correspondents comment on the local governments rescue work().A. Prompt.B. Confident.C. Ineffective.D. Casual.4.Questions 14 to 16 ar

30、e based on a conversation between a customer and a clerk of the post office. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 to 16.M: Give me a pack of first-class stamps, please.W: Here you are. That will be five dollars. Anything elseM: Yes, I want some postcards and some foreign airmail stamps. I wa

31、nt to send some letters to South America.W: Just a moment. I’ll look up the rate for airmail letters to South America.M: Can you tell me how much it will cost to send a package to Columbia Also,1 want to know how long it will take.W: Do you have the package with you I would have to weigh it to

32、 see how much it would cost. There are several ways to send packages to foreign countries. The fastest way costs the most, of course. I’ll give you an example. If you had a two-pound package and you wanted to send it the fastest way, it would cost about six dollars, and it would take about a w

33、eek to get there.M: Do you insure packagesW: Yes. All you have to do is to declare the value of the package and decide how much you want to insure it for. The rates are reasonable.M: Is there a way that I can be sure that the person in South America received my packagesW: The post office rarely lose

34、s package. You can, however, request a return receipt. With a return, when the delivery person gives your friend the package, your friend has to sign for it. Then we will notify you that he or she has it.M: What about those overnight delivery services I see advertised on televisionW: They’re u

35、sually as good as the post office, but they may cost more. Also, remember that they only have services within the United States.M: One last question what are your hoursW: We open at eight-thirty in the morning and close at five-thirty in the afternoon.M: Thank you, you helped me a lot.What did the w

36、oman say about the overnight delivery services().A. They are not as good as the post office, but they are faster.B. They provide services both within and outside the United States.C. They rarely lose packages but they do not insure them.D. Although their charge is higher, their services are as good.

37、5.People’s attitude toward drugs has become to resemble an emotional roller coaster, careening wildly from dizzy heights of pharmacologic faith to gloomy terror over drug hazards. A host of dreaded killers that had tyrannized the world for centuries can now be cured. That is a cause for some t

38、o regard drugs as miraculous. On the other hand, there are hundreds of pitifully deformed babies born of mothers who had taken thalidomide the very thought of them causes terror.What is the sensible attitude toward drugsI think the first thing to think about is the differences between drugs and wond

39、er drugs. The antibiotics, such as penicillin, can really cure certain bacterial diseases. On the other hand, the major diseases threatening Americans today are cancer, stroke, hypertension, coronary disease, arthritis and psychoses. Against them, the doctor’s bag of tricks is limited. He has

40、no wonder drug.Of course, many patients suffering from these illnesses can be improved by taking drugs and a few can be dramatically helped. But no drug has cured a single case of schizophrenia or rheumatoid arthritis, in the way that penicillin can cure pneumonia or meningococcal meningitis.So the

41、first important lesson is not to expect too much from drugs. Too many patients exert unholy pressures on doctors to prescribe for every symptom, even when such treatment is unwarranted or dangerous.Unfortunately, the medical profession is guilty of some complicity here. The patient who demands a sho

42、t of penicillin for every sniffle and sneeze may be given the injection by a reluctant physician because he is certain that if he does not, the patient will search until he or she finds a doctor who will.More important, the physician is apt to be a willing collaborator in over-medication because he,

43、 too, has been oversold on drugs. He is rarely at a loss for a remedy that might be just what the patient needs. Doctors want their patients to get well. They also derive feelings of power and ego-satisfaction from the ability to prescribe the latest drugs.At the other extreme is the patient who is

44、suspicious of all medications. In the category are the patients who never take an aspirin tablet because they believe that every aspirin you take leaves a scar on the lining of your stomach.Without doubt, such ill-advised behavior is at times traceable to lurid accounts of drug dangers. Not long ago

45、, when one antidepressant drug was temporarily withdrawn from the market by the Food and Drug Administration, radio and television stations in New York carried stories about that. Patients were advised by commentators not to take any medication at all. The resulting hysteria in hundreds of patients

46、was as real as it was predictable.According to the passage, to adopt a correct attitude to drugs, people must ().A. understand the limitation of medicineB. be more cautious in taking themC. strictly follow the doctor’s adviceD. tty hard to work out wonder medicine6.Minimizing the environmental

47、 damage that new roads cause is generally regarded as a good thing. But to do that, it helps to understand just how new roads cause the damage of which they are accused.Recently, a group of researchers led by Dr Gonzalez conducted an experiment which shows what ecologists have long suspected, but ne

48、ver been able to prove: that immigration is good for the health of animal populations.A road destroys only a small part of the habitat it traverses, and thus annihilates just a few local populations of creatures. So the argument that road-building itself is bad for biodiversity is not self-evidently

49、 correct. Those who nevertheless hold this view usually point to a piece of ecological theory called meta-population dynamics. This says that apparently separate local populations of animals are, in fact, parts of much larger populations connected via migration.According to this theory, when a local population flounders because of an epidemic, for example individuals from neighboring communities can fill the gaps. So the more such communities there are, the better the chance of a given local p