高中二年级英语必修4第三课时课件.ppt

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1、Subjunctive MoodUnit 1 GrammarLife is not based on “ifs”.Many people are not happy because they base their life on “ifs”.If I had a million dollars,A 表示与现在事实相反的假设表示与现在事实相反的假设, 条件状语条件状语 从句用从句用“一般过去式一般过去式(be 一般用一般用were)”, 而主句谓语动词由而主句谓语动词由“would/should/ could/might + 动词原形动词原形”构成。构成。 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句虚拟语气用于条

2、件状语从句If I were a boy, I would join the army.What would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery, I wouldIf I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car. If I had a lot of money, I would buy a villa.If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.If I _a teacher, I.vIf we di

3、d not have class, we could/ would/mightvIf I had 1 million $, I could/ would/ mightvIf you could help me with my homework, I could/ would/mightvIf I were a bird, I could/ would/might be happier.vIf I were a boy/girl, I could/ would/might a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice.b. If the wo

4、rld-war _ (burst) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?werewould takeburstwould happenI: Fill in the blanks.c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room, it _ (be) very dangerous.d. If I _ (be) in your position, I _ (ask) for teachers help.werewould askwere notcould be条件从句条件从句条件从句的谓条件从句的

5、谓语形式语形式主语的谓语形主语的谓语形式式与现在相反与现在相反 If I (you, he/she, they, we )+动词过去动词过去式式should/would/could/might+动动词原形词原形与与现在现在相反相反v在在If引导的虚拟条件句中引导的虚拟条件句中,谓语动词为谓语动词为had或或were时时，可把，可把if 省略，把省略，把were/had提前。提前。vHad I enough time and money, I would travel around the word.vWere I you, I would turn to the teacher for hel

6、p.vWere I a bird, I could fly in the sky.2. 与过去的事实相反与过去的事实相反从句的谓语从句的谓语用用had过去分词过去分词, 构成构成If I (we, you, he, they)had done的的形式；形式；主句的谓语主句的谓语用用should/would/could/might have have done。If he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had If I had learnt how to swim,I _ t

7、rapped onthat island.would not have been a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already.b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caughtII: Fill in the blanks.条件从句条件从句条件从句的谓语条件从句的谓语形式形式主语的谓语形式主语的谓语形式与过去相反与过去相反If I (you,

8、he/she, they, we )+had +过去分词过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过过去分词去分词与过去相反与过去相反2.如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。 3.如果你早早听了他的话，你就知道怎么做了。如果你早早听了他的话，你就知道怎么做了。 If you had listened to him, you should have know what to do.v昨天我有时间的话，就和你一起去看电影了。昨天我有时间的话，就和你一起去看电影了。vIf I had had time yesterday, I

9、 would have seen the film with you.v你早听家长的话，就不会犯那么多的错了。你早听家长的话，就不会犯那么多的错了。vIf you had listened to your father, you wouldnt have made so many mistakes.v如果我没有看时间表的话，我都把那场会议如果我没有看时间表的话，我都把那场会议忘记了。忘记了。vIf I hadnt checked the timetable, I would have forgotten the meeting.3. 与将来事实相反与将来事实相反从句谓语用动词从句谓语用动词过去

10、式过去式、were to do 或或 should do 形式形式, 主句谓主句谓语用语用should /would /could/ might 动词原形。动词原形。If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.If he _ up early, he would be on time.got假如他来了假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？

11、我们对他说什么呢？If he were to come, what should we say to him?假如他看见我假如他看见我, 就会认出我。就会认出我。If he should see me, he would know me.a. If there _ (be) no natural resource any more, we _ (make) use of nuclear power.b. What _ (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?should beshould makewould happenshould get u

12、pIII: Fill in the blanks.条件从条件从句句条件从句的谓语形式条件从句的谓语形式主语的谓语形式主语的谓语形式与与将来将来相反相反If I (you, he/she, they, we )+动词过去式动词过去式If I (you, he/she, they, we )+should+动词原形动词原形If I (you, he/she, they, we )+were to+动词原形动词原形should/would/could/might+动词原动词原形形复习练习复习练习如果老师来给我们加油的话，我们就不会输了那如果老师来给我们加油的话，我们就不会输了那场篮球赛。场篮球赛。如

13、果我们没事情可做，我们就会整天打游戏。如果我们没事情可做，我们就会整天打游戏。如果那位明星明天来我们学校表演的话，我会非如果那位明星明天来我们学校表演的话，我会非常高兴。常高兴。如果我是老师我会给学生更多的自由。如果我是老师我会给学生更多的自由。If the teacher had come to cheer for us, we couldnt have lost the basketball match.We would play computer games all day if we had nothing to do .vIf the star came to perform in

14、our school tomorrow, I would be more than happy.vWere I the teacher, I would give my students more freedom.混合虚拟语气混合虚拟语气1. 我要是你的话我要是你的话, 我当初就会把英语学好。我当初就会把英语学好。2. 如果你昨天来如果你昨天来, 你现在就会看见他了。你现在就会看见他了。3.我当初要是努力一点的话，现在就不会在这里了。我当初要是努力一点的话，现在就不会在这里了。4. 当时要是没有遇见他，我的未来会更美好。当时要是没有遇见他，我的未来会更美好。vWere I you, I wou

15、ld have learned English well.vHad you come yesterday, you could see him now.vHad I studied harder, I wouldnt have been here.vHadnt I met him, I would have a better future.虚拟语气特殊句型：虚拟语气特殊句型：I wish every day were my birthday.I wish I hadnteaten so much watermelon.虚拟语气特殊句型：虚拟语气特殊句型：1. wish/if only 现在：现

16、在：过去：过去：未来：未来：did（were）had donewould do 1) I wish I were a bird.（现在）现在）2) I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（过去）过去）3) We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （将来）（将来）If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again! 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。好了。 要是我没

17、错过火车就好了！要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!2. would rather that现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.diddidhad done3. Its (about/high) time + that should dodid你该走

18、了。你该走了。我们该去我们该去睡觉了。睡觉了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. He behaves as if he owned the house.( But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.)He talks about Rome as t

19、hough hehad been there himself.5. 一些介词短语一些介词短语, 如如:but for(要不是要不是), without, otherwise(否则否则), 等等表示含蓄的表示含蓄的条件条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气这时主句要用虚拟语气 Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. But for my brothers help, I would not have finished it on time. I had to do something more important, oth

20、erwise I might have helped.6. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。1) 宾语从句。常见动词：宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个一个坚持，两个 命令，三个建议，四个要求。即命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1. insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose4. demand, require, request, desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用用法。即从句中的动词使用should + 动词动词原形，或者将原形

21、，或者将should省略。省略。我们建议我们建议Tom去休息一下。去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。We suggested that Tom have a rest.He insisted that I (should ) be present.The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work th

22、ere.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意：如注意：如suggest, insist不表示不表示建议建议 或或坚持要某人做某事时坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用，即它们用于其本意于其本意暗示、表明暗示、表明、坚持认为坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。时，宾语从句用陈述语气。1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that s

23、he _ (be) seriously ill and that _(send) to hospitals at once.3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.obeywasbe senthavewas 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。词形式一样。 order, adv

24、ice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desireIts suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.7. Its necessary / strange / natural / important/vital/essential + that-Cl

25、ause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+ 动词原形动词原形It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.8. 某些简单句的固定句型：某些简单句的固定句型： Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republ

26、ic of China!1. If only you _ him what I said! Everything would have been all right. A. didnt told B. hadnt told C. would not tell D. would have not told2. He must have had an accident, or he _ here then. A. would have been B. had been C. should have been D. could be3. I wish I _ longer this morning,

27、 but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept7. You dont have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you _ on business first. A. would go B. will go C. went 5. We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we _ him. A. would have telephoned B.

28、must have telephoned C. would telephone D. had telephoned6. It was essential that the application forms _ back before the deadline. A. must be sent B. would be sent C. be sent D. were sent1. 我不知道他的电话号码，否则我就打我不知道他的电话号码，否则我就打 电话给他了。电话给他了。 I didnt know his telephone number, otherwise I would have telep

29、honed him.2. 他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很 忙。忙。 He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.Translation 3. - 如果可能的话你会不会打电话给如果可能的话你会不会打电话给 她？她？ - 会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭 作业呢。作业呢。 - Would you have called her up had it been possible? - Yes, but I were busy doing my homework.4. 如果你昨晚没有看电影看到那么晚的如果你昨晚没有看电影看到那么晚的 话，你现在就不会那么困了。话，你现在就不会那么困了。 If you hadnt seen that film late last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. 5. 没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同 了。了。 Without electricity, human life would be quite different today.