219日高中英语时态.ppt

《219日高中英语时态.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《219日高中英语时态.ppt（13页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、 周立秋周立秋 动词的时态一、概念一、概念: :时态是时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式英语谓语动词的一种形式, ,表示动作发生表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态的时间和所处的状态. .英语中的时态是通过动词英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的形式本身的变化来实现的. .英语有英语有1616种时态种时态, ,但中学阶段较但中学阶段较常用的有十种常用的有十种: :1.1.一般现在时一般现在时, 2., 2.现在进行时现在进行时3.3.现在完成时现在完成时, 4., 4.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时.5.5.一般将来时一般将来时, 6., 6.过去将来时过去将来时, ,7.7.将来进行时将来进行时,

2、 , 8.8.一般过去时一般过去时, , 9.9.过去进行时过去进行时, 10., 10.过去完成时过去完成时, , 1. 1.现在进行时现在进行时 2. 2.过去进行时过去进行时 3. 3.现在完成时现在完成时 4. 4.过去完成时过去完成时 1. 1.现在进行时现在进行时结构：结构：be+doing;(be+doing;(被动式：被动式：be+being+done)be+being+done) 现在进行时的基本用法：现在进行时的基本用法：a.a. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如 We We are waiting are wai

3、ting for you. for you. （我们正在等你）。（我们正在等你）。 You You are being waited are being waited for by us.for by us.b.b. 阶段进行重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如阶段进行重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如 Mr. Green Mr. Green is writing is writing another novel.another novel. Another novel Another novel is being written is being written by Mr.G

4、reen.by Mr.Green. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的 状态。）状态。）c.c. 表示渐变过程，这样的动词有：表示渐变过程，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn,get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin run, go, begin等。等。这些情况不可用被动这些情况不可用被动，例如：，例如： 1.1.The leaves The leaves are turning are turning red. red. 叶子在变红。叶子在变红。 2.2.ItIts

5、s gettinggetting warmer and warmer. warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。天越来越热了。d.d.用现在进行时表示将来用现在进行时表示将来 下列动词下列动词come, go, arrive, come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, returnleave, start, begin, return等现在等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：进行时可以表示将来。例如： 1.I 1.Im leaving m leaving tomorrow. tomorrow. 明天我要走了。明天我要走了。 2. 2.Are Are

6、you you stayingstaying here tillnext here tillnext week? week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？你会在这儿呆到下周吗？ 2 2. . 过去进行时过去进行时 结构：结构：was(were)+doing;was(were)+doing;被动句式：被动句式：was(were)+being donewas(were)+being done1 1）概念：表示过去某时间点（段）正在进行的状态或动作。）概念：表示过去某时间点（段）正在进行的状态或动作。2 2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的

7、背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。的时候，另一个短动作发生。3 3） 常用的时间状语有常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, whileyesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：等。例如：1:He 1:He was preparing his dinner was prepar

8、ing his dinner at 5 yesterday afternoon.at 5 yesterday afternoon.被动式被动式His dinner His dinner was being prepared was being prepared at 5 yesterday afternoon.at 5 yesterday afternoon.注意：注意：以下句中不及物动词和混合句式，不可改为被动句式以下句中不及物动词和混合句式，不可改为被动句式2:She was 2:She was going on a diet going on a diet last autumn.las

9、t autumn.3:My brother 3:My brother fellfell while he while he was riding his bicycle was riding his bicycle and and hurt hurt himself.himself.我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。4:It 4:It was raining was raining when they when they leftleft the station. the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。他们离开车站时，正下着雨。 3. 3.现在完成时现在

10、完成时 句式：句式：have(has)+done ;have(has)+done ;被动式：被动式：have(has)been+donehave(has)been+done现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还在现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have have （hashas） + +过去分词。过去分词。 常常见的提示性副词有：见的提示性副词有：just, already, yet, before, recently, so far, up to

11、 now(到目前为止）以及句型：It is the first time that(that后边的从句用现在完成时态）1.I have lost my wallet.我已把我的钱包丢了（含义是：没钱花了） My wallet has been lost.2.Jane has laid the table. Jane把桌子都支好了（含义是：可以吃饭了） The table has been laid.3.She has been ill.她病了（含义是：还没好，还很虚弱） 现在完成时的语句中可以有表示一段时间的时间状语，但这个时候，句子中的动词必须是延续性动词，不可以用终止性动词（短时动词）4.

12、He has been in the army for five years.(他参军5年了） (=He joined the army 5 years ago)比较一般过去时与现在完成时比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1 1）一般过去时表示过去）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情事情，强调动作强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情过去的事情对现在的影响，对现在的影响，强调的是影响。强调的是影响。 2 2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊

13、的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语：一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last weekyesterday, last week，ago, ago, in1980, in October, just nowin1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。等，皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语：现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to no

14、w, in past years, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, alwaysalways等，皆不确定的时间状语。等，皆不确定的时间状语。共同的时间状语：共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately now, already, recently, lately 等。等。现在通过一些实例来作比较现在通过一些实例来作比较I I sawsaw thi

15、s film yesterday. this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）（强调看的动作发生过了）I I have seen have seen this film. this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）He has been in the League for three years. He has been in the League for three years. （强调在团内的状态可延续）（强调在团内的状态可延续）He has been a League member for three

16、 years. He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）（是团员的状态可持续）比较：比较：He joined the league 3 years ago. (He joined the league 3 years ago. (强调入团这个动作强调入团这个动作) )句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错

17、）（错）Tom Tom has written has written a letter to his parents a letter to his parents last night.last night.（对）（对）Tom Tom wrotewrote a letter to his parents a letter to his parents last nightlast night. .用于现在完成时的句型用于现在完成时的句型 1 1）It is the first / second time. thatIt is the first / second time. that结构中

18、的从句结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：部分，用现在完成时。例如：1.It is the first time that I have visited the city. 1.It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。这是我第一次访问这城市。注意注意：It It was was the third time that the boy the third time that the boy had been had been late. late. 2 2）This is +This is +形容词最高级形容

19、词最高级+that+that结构，结构，that that 从句要用现在从句要用现在 完成时。完成时。例如：例如：This is This is the best film the best film that that Ive Ive （everever） seenseen. . 这是我看过的最好的电影。这是我看过的最好的电影。 4. 4.过去完成时过去完成时 1 1） 概念：表示过去的过去概念：表示过去的过去, ,构成是构成是had +done:had +done:被动式：被动式：had been+donehad been+done2 2） 用法用法a.a.在在told, said, kn

20、ew, heard, thoughttold, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的等动词后的宾语从句宾语从句。 例如：例如：She said She said （thatthat）she had never seen the writer. she had never seen the writer. She said that the writer She said that the writer had never been seen.had never been seen. b.b.状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；状语从句在过去

21、不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时； 发生在后，用一般过去时。发生在后，用一般过去时。 例如：例如：When the police arrived, I had found my suitcase.When the police arrived, I had found my suitcase. When the police arrived,my suitcase When the police arrived,my suitcase had been foundhad been found. . c.c.表示意向的动词，如表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect

22、, think, intend, mean, supposehope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用过去完成时表示等，用过去完成时表示 原本原本，未能，未能 。 例如：例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。3)3)过去完成时的时间状语过去完成时的时间状语 before,by,until ,when, af

23、ter, once, as soon as before,by,until ,when, after, once, as soon as。 例如：例如：He said that he had learned some English before.He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。他说过他以前学过一些英语。用一般过去时代替过去完成时用一般过去时代替过去完成时 1 1）两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用thenthen，andand，but but 等连词时等连

24、词时, , 多用一般过去时。例如：多用一般过去时。例如： When she saw the mouseWhen she saw the mouse，she screamed. she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。 My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。2 2 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成， 用过去完成时。例如：用过去完成时。例如： When I heard the news, I was very excited.When I heard the news, I was very excited.3 3）叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如： Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.