2021年陕西职称英语考试真题卷（8）.docx

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1、2021年陕西职称英语考试真题卷（8）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Body Cells People are the most complex of all organisms._(46). The specialized cells of the body depend upon each other for such things as nourishment and the removal of the waste matter._(47). Or if the e

2、xcreting cells did not take away poisonous waste, the cells of the body would be poisoned and die. Under a microscope, a cell looks like a bit of clear jelly with a thin wall round it._(48 ). In every cell there is a part like a little ball. This is the nucleus, which organizes the work of the cell.

3、 Though cells were discovered two and a half centuries ago, it is only in the last hundred years that knowledge of the work of the nucleus has developed._ (49). All cells reproduce their own kind and grow. In performing their work, cells become tired, worn-out and die. If the tissue of the organ is

4、to maintain its health, new cells are required to replace the old ones. The healthy cells accomplish this by splitting their bodies so that one cell becomes two cells and the two cells four, and so on. These cells are young and small, but, they get nourishment and they grow into adult cells, and so

5、carry on the function of the organ. It is plain, therefore, that each organ of the body must perform its work well if the other organs are to maintain their health. When they are all functioning well, the body is healthy. When any organ fails to do its work, all the organs are liable to become affec

6、ted; changes take place in their cells and their functions are disordered. _ (50). Then the body is said to be diseased.A. The cells in the human body work together in various ways.B. And very small openings in the walls of the cell let food in and waste out.C. It is this nucleus which keeps the cel

7、l working.D. Such changes give rise to sensations of sickness, pain, loss of strength, bad appetite, fever and so on.E. A man would die, if the millions of cells did not work together in their different ways.F. For example, if the digestive cells of the food canal did not perform their function prop

8、erly, the muscle cells would not receive nourishment. 2.Margaret Sanger and Birth Control Margaret Sanger, an American nurse, was the first to start the modern birth control movement in the United States. In 1912, she publishing information about womens reproductive (生殖的) concerns through articles a

9、nd books. In 1914, Sanger was charged violation of the Comstock Law, which federal legislation had passed in 1873 forbidding the mailing of sexy material information about birth control and contraceptive (避孕的) devices. Though she was put in jail for these activities, Sanger to publish and spread inf

10、ormation about birth control. She and her sister Ethel Byrne opened the first of several birth control clinics in America on October 16, 1916, in Brooklyn, New York. The Comstock Law was rewritten by Congress in 1936 to birth control information and devices. Many states had laws forbidding distribut

11、ion or use of contraceptive devices but the constitutionality (合宪性) of these laws was increasingly In 1965, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that mar ried people have the right to practice birth control without government intervention. In 1972, the court that unmarried people have the sa

12、me right. Today there are more birth control options , but overpopulation and unwanted pregnancies remain worldwide Having more children than one can support may lead poverty, illness, and high death rates for babies, children, and women. The problem of teenage pregnancy is worse in the United State

13、s in almost any other developed country. Studies show that birth rates for women under 20 are higher in the United States than in 29 other countries. A detailed study suggested that the problem of teenage pregnancy in the United States may be to less sex education in schools and lower availability o

14、f contraceptive services and supplies to young people. This study the view of people in the United States who argue that sex education or making contraceptive supplies available to school-age children promotes sexual activity.AacceptedBquestionedCconfirmedDfavored 3.The Attitude For Computers As Dr.

15、 Samuel Johnson said in a different era about ladies preaching, the surprising thing about computers is not that they think less well than a man, but that they think at all. The early electronic computer did not have much going for it except a marvelous memory and some good math skills. But today th

16、e best models can be wired up to learn by experience, follow an argument, ask proper questions and write poetry and music. They can also carry on somewhat puzzling conversations. Computers imitate life. As computers get more complete, the imitation gets better. Finally, the line between the original

17、 and the copy becomes unclear. In another 15 years or so, we will see the computer as a new form of life. The opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the computers brain just as nature programmed t

18、hem into our human brains as a part of the equipment for survival. Computers match people in some roles, and when fast decisions are needed in a crisis, they often surpass them. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing se

19、veral streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly. Throw too many things at the brain at one time and it freezes up. We are still in control, but the capabilities of computers are increasing at a fantastic rate, while raw human intelligence is changing slowly, if at all. Compute

20、r power has increased ten times every eight years since 1946. In the 1990s, when the sixth generation appears, the reasoning power of an intelligence built out of silicon will begin to match that of the human brain. That does not mean the evolution of intelligence has ended on the earth. Judging by

21、the past, we can expect that a new species will arise out of man, surpassing his achievements as he has surpassed those of his predecessor. Only a carbon chemistry enthusiast would assume that the species must be mans flesh-and-blood descendants. The new kind of intelligent life is more likely to be

22、 made of silicon.Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man.ARightBWrongCNot Mentioned 4.Ashleys Message of Hope1. The birth of any child raises many questions. Will she have my eyes, her dads smile What will she want to be when she grows up But the biggest question for every parent

23、 is Will she be healthy2. Our daughter, Ashley Elizabeth Naylor, was born on August 12, 1988. We had a lot of mixed emotions the day of her birth, but mainly we felt fear and despair. The doctors suspected complications (并发病) , which led to a cesarean section (剖腹产手术) , but the exact problem was not

24、known. Two weeks after her birth, chromosome (染色体) analysis revealed cat cry syndrome. The doctors were uncertain about how the disease would develop. This was a rare disorder, we were told, and little could be offered to help our daughter. The doctors used the words profoundly slow, which cut like

25、a knife through our hearts and our hopes. It wasnt until a few years later that we realized how little the medical community actually knew about cat cry syndrome and especially about our little girl!3. Ashley defied all the standard medical labels, as well as her doctors expectations. Her spirit and

26、 determination enabled her to walk with the aid of a walker (学步车) and express herself using sign language and a communication device. With early intervention and education at United Services for the Handicapped, Ashley found the resources and additional encouragement she needed to succeed. In return

27、, Ashley freely offered one of her best loved and sought after giftsher embraces. Her bright eyes and glowing smile captured the hearts of everyone she met.4. In May of 1992, Ashleys small body could no longer support the spirit that inspired so many. She passed away after a long battle with pneumon

28、ia (肺炎). Her physical presence is gone, but her message remains: hope.5. If you are a parent faced with similar profound questions after the birth of your child, do not assume one doctor has all the answers. Search for doctors who respect your child enough to talk to her, not just about her. Above a

29、ll, find an agency or a school that can help you give your child a chance to succeed. Early education for your child and support for yourself are crucial.6. If you are a student in a health field, become as knowledgeable as possible and stay current with the latest research, but most importantly, be

30、 sensitive to those who seek your help. Each word you speak is taken to heart, but hope can make all the difference in a familys future.A. Helping a Doctor to SucceedB. Hearts Saddened by a Rare Disorder of Our Baby GirlC. Sympathy and Knowledge Shown by Medical StudentsD. Message Left Behind by a S

31、hort but Inspiring LifeE. Helping Your Unlucky Kid to SucceedF. Wonders Made by Our Sick but Charming Little GirlAll those who met the little girl were touched by her_. 5.Margaret Sanger and Birth Control Margaret Sanger, an American nurse, was the first to start the modern birth control movement in

32、 the United States. In 1912, she publishing information about womens reproductive (生殖的) concerns through articles and books. In 1914, Sanger was charged violation of the Comstock Law, which federal legislation had passed in 1873 forbidding the mailing of sexy material information about birth control

33、 and contraceptive (避孕的) devices. Though she was put in jail for these activities, Sanger to publish and spread information about birth control. She and her sister Ethel Byrne opened the first of several birth control clinics in America on October 16, 1916, in Brooklyn, New York. The Comstock Law wa

34、s rewritten by Congress in 1936 to birth control information and devices. Many states had laws forbidding distribution or use of contraceptive devices but the constitutionality (合宪性) of these laws was increasingly In 1965, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that mar ried people have the ri

35、ght to practice birth control without government intervention. In 1972, the court that unmarried people have the same right. Today there are more birth control options , but overpopulation and unwanted pregnancies remain worldwide Having more children than one can support may lead poverty, illness,

36、and high death rates for babies, children, and women. The problem of teenage pregnancy is worse in the United States in almost any other developed country. Studies show that birth rates for women under 20 are higher in the United States than in 29 other countries. A detailed study suggested that the

37、 problem of teenage pregnancy in the United States may be to less sex education in schools and lower availability of contraceptive services and supplies to young people. This study the view of people in the United States who argue that sex education or making contraceptive supplies available to scho

38、ol-age children promotes sexual activity.ApermittedBknewCsuspectedDheld 6.Ashleys Message of Hope1. The birth of any child raises many questions. Will she have my eyes, her dads smile What will she want to be when she grows up But the biggest question for every parent is Will she be healthy2. Our da

39、ughter, Ashley Elizabeth Naylor, was born on August 12, 1988. We had a lot of mixed emotions the day of her birth, but mainly we felt fear and despair. The doctors suspected complications (并发病) , which led to a cesarean section (剖腹产手术) , but the exact problem was not known. Two weeks after her birth

40、, chromosome (染色体) analysis revealed cat cry syndrome. The doctors were uncertain about how the disease would develop. This was a rare disorder, we were told, and little could be offered to help our daughter. The doctors used the words profoundly slow, which cut like a knife through our hearts and o

41、ur hopes. It wasnt until a few years later that we realized how little the medical community actually knew about cat cry syndrome and especially about our little girl!3. Ashley defied all the standard medical labels, as well as her doctors expectations. Her spirit and determination enabled her to wa

42、lk with the aid of a walker (学步车) and express herself using sign language and a communication device. With early intervention and education at United Services for the Handicapped, Ashley found the resources and additional encouragement she needed to succeed. In return, Ashley freely offered one of h

43、er best loved and sought after giftsher embraces. Her bright eyes and glowing smile captured the hearts of everyone she met.4. In May of 1992, Ashleys small body could no longer support the spirit that inspired so many. She passed away after a long battle with pneumonia (肺炎). Her physical presence i

44、s gone, but her message remains: hope.5. If you are a parent faced with similar profound questions after the birth of your child, do not assume one doctor has all the answers. Search for doctors who respect your child enough to talk to her, not just about her. Above all, find an agency or a school t

45、hat can help you give your child a chance to succeed. Early education for your child and support for yourself are crucial.6. If you are a student in a health field, become as knowledgeable as possible and stay current with the latest research, but most importantly, be sensitive to those who seek you

46、r help. Each word you speak is taken to heart, but hope can make all the difference in a familys future.A. Helping a Doctor to SucceedB. Hearts Saddened by a Rare Disorder of Our Baby GirlC. Sympathy and Knowledge Shown by Medical StudentsD. Message Left Behind by a Short but Inspiring LifeE. Helpin

47、g Your Unlucky Kid to SucceedF. Wonders Made by Our Sick but Charming Little GirlA parent should do as much as he or she can so as to give his or her child_. 7.Margaret Sanger and Birth Control Margaret Sanger, an American nurse, was the first to start the modern birth control movement in the United

48、 States. In 1912, she publishing information about womens reproductive (生殖的) concerns through articles and books. In 1914, Sanger was charged violation of the Comstock Law, which federal legislation had passed in 1873 forbidding the mailing of sexy material information about birth control and contraceptive (避孕的) devices. Though she was put in jail for these activities, Sanger to publish and spread information about birth control. She and her sister Ethel Byrne opened the first of several birth control