2021甘肃大学英语考试模拟卷（9）.docx

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1、2021甘肃大学英语考试模拟卷（9）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Meteorologists routinely tell us what next weeks weather is likely to be, and climate scientists discuss what might happen in 100 years. Christoph Schar, though, ventures dangerously close to that middle re

2、alm, where previously only the Farmers Almanac dared go, what will next summers weather be like Following last years tragic heat wave, which directly caused the death of tens of thousands of people, the question is of burning interest to Europeans. Schar asserts that last summers sweltering temperat

3、ures should no longer be thought of as extraordinary. The situation in 2002 and 2003 in Europe, where we had a summer with extreme rainfall and record flooding followed by the hottest summer in hundreds of years, is going to be typical for future weather patterns, he says. Most Europeans have probab

4、ly never read Sehars report (not least because it was published in the scientific journal Nature in the dead of winter) but they seem to be bracing themselves for the worst. As part of its new national heat-wave plan, France issued a level-three alert when temperatures in Provence reached 34 degrees

5、 Celsius three days in a row; hospital and rescue workers were asked to prepare for an influx of patients. Italian government officials have proposed creating a national registry of people over 65 so they can be herded into air-conditioned supermarkets in the event of another heat wave. Londons mayo

6、r has offered a 100,000 pound reward for anybody who can come up with a practical way of cooling the citys underground trains, where temperatures have lately reached nearly 40 degrees Celsius. (The money hasnt been claimed.) Global warming seems to have permanently entered the European psyche. If th

7、e public is more aware, though, experts are more confused. When the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change hammered out its last assessment in 2001, scientists pulled together the latest research and made their best estimate of how much the Earths atmosphere would warm during the next century. Th

8、ere was a lot they didnt know, but they were confident theyd be able to plug the gaps in time for the next report, due out in 2007. When they explored the fundamental physics and chemistry of the atmosphere, though, they found something unexpected: the way the atmosphereand, in particular, cloudsres

9、pond to increasing levels of carbon is far more complex and difficult to predict than they had expected. We thought wed reduce the uncertainty, but that hasnt happened, says Kevin Trenberth, a climate scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research and a lead author of the next IPCC report

10、. As we delve further and further into the science and gain a better understanding of the true complexity of the atmosphere, the uncertainties have gotten deeper. This doesnt mean, of course, that the world isnt warming. Only the biased or the deluded deny that temperatures have risen, and that huma

11、n activity has something to do with it. The big question that scientists have struggled with is how much warming will occur over the next century With so much still unknown in the climate equation, theres no way of telling whether warnings of catastrophe are overblown or if things are even more dire

12、 than we thought. Why do scientists like Schar make predictions Because, like economists, its their job to hazard a best guess with the resources at hand-namely, vast computer programs that simulate what the Earths atmosphere will do in certain circumstances. These models incorporate all the latest

13、research into how the Earths atmosphere behaves. But there are problems with the computer models. The atmosphere is very big, but also consists of a multitude of tiny interactions among particles of dust, soot, cloud droplets and trace gases that cannot be safely ignored. Current models dont have ne

14、arly the resolution they need to capture what goes on at such small scales. Scientists got an inkling that something was missing from the models in the early 1990s when they ran a peculiar experiment. They had the leading models simulate warming over the next century and got a similar answer from ea

15、ch. Then they ran the models again-this time accounting for what was then known about cloud physics.The main difference between the Earths atmosphere and the simulated one isAtheir size.Btheir content.Ctheir height.Dtheir density. 2.AShe doesnt know when they will go.BShe believes there is a road de

16、tour.CShe wont be ready at 8 oclock.DShe wants the man to go away. 3.BQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard./BABecause he can do something that helps people.BBecause he is able to decide exactly what he does.CBecause he can travel to different parts of the city.DBecaus

17、e he can cam a lot of money. 4.BPassage Two/BBQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./BAAn American protester.BA 6-year-old Cuban boy.CA TV cameraman.DA psychologist. 5.BPassage One/BBQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./BABecause he registered th

18、e . cn for China and sent the first e-mail in China.BBecause he set up Chinas !first online comic dialogue website.CBecause he provided integrated online services.DBecause he was regarded as the father of Internet in China. 6.BMadagascar/B There are at least 8 million unique species of life on the p

19、lanet, if net far more, and you could be forgiven for believing that all of them can be found in Andasibe. Walking through this rain forest in Madagascar is like stepping into the library of life. Sunlight seeps through the silky fringes of the Ravenea louvelii, an endangered palm (棕榈树) found, like

20、so much else on this African island, nowhere else. Madagascar which separated from India 80 million to 100 million years ago before eventually settling off the southeastern coast of Africa, is in many ways an Earth apart. All that time in geographic isolation made Madagascar a Darwinian playground,

21、its animals and plants evolving into forms utterly original. Some 90% of the islands plants and about 70% of its animals arc endemic, meaning that they arc found only in Madagascar. But what makes life on the island unique also makes it uniquely vuhnerable, which means if we lose these animals on Ma

22、dagascar, theyre gone forever. That loss seems likelier than ever because the animals are under threat as never before. Once lushly forested, Madagascar has seen more than 80% of its original vegetation cut down or burned since humans arrived at least 1500 years ago, fragmenting habitats and leaving

23、 animals effectively homeless. Unchecked hunting wiped out a number of large species, and today mining, logging and energy exploration threaten those that remain. It has an area the size of New Jersey in Madagascar that is still under forest, and all this incredible diversity is crammed into it. Mad

24、agascar is a conservation hot spot a term for a region that is very biodiverse and particularly threatened-and while that makes the island special, it is hardly alone. Conservationists estimate that extinctions worldwide are occurring at a pace that is up to 1 000 times as great as historys backgrou

25、nd rate before human beings began scattering. Worse, that die-off could be accelerating. BPrice of Extinction/B There have been five extinction waves in the planets historyincluding the Permian (二叠纪的) extinction 250 million years ago, when an estimated 70% of all terrestrial animals and 96 % of all

26、marine creatures vanished, and, most recently, the Cretaceous (白垩纪的) event 65 million ),ears ago, which ended the reign of the dinosaurs. Though scientists have directly assessed the viability of fewer than 3% of the worlds described species, the sample polling of animal populations so far suggests

27、that we may have entered what will be the planets sixth great extinction wave. And this time the cause isnt an unsteady planet or volcanoes. Its us. Through our growing numbers, our thirst for natural resources and, most of all, climate change- which, by one reckoning, could help carry off 20% to 30

28、% of all species before the end of the century- were shaping an Earth that will be biologically exhausted. A 2008 assessment by the: International Union for Conservation of Nature found that nearly 1 in 4 mammals worldwide were at risk for extinction, including endangered species. Over fishing and a

29、cidification of the oceans are threatening marine species as diverse as the corals. Scary for conservationists, yes. but the question arises: Why should it matter to the rest of us After all, nearly all the species that were ever alive in the past are gone today. Evolution demands extinction. When w

30、ere using the term extinction to talk about the fate of the US auto industry, does it really matter if we lose species like the Yangtze River dolphin and the golden toad, all of which have effectively disappeared in recent years What docs the loss of a few species among millions matter For one thing

31、, were animals too, dependent on this planet like every other form of life. The more species living in an ecosystem, the healthier and more productive it is, which matters for us-a recent study by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) estimates the economic value of the Amazon rain forests ecosystem service

32、s to be up to $100 per hectare (about 2.5 acres). When we pollute and deforest and make a mess of the ecological web, were taking out mortgages on the Earth that we cant pay back-and those loans will come due. Then there are the undiscovered organisms and animals that could serve as the basis of nee

33、ded medicines as the original ingredients of aspirin were derived from the herb meadowsweet unless we unwittingly destroy them first. Forests razed can grow back., polluted air and water can be cleaned, but extinction is forever. And were not talking about losing just a few species. In fact, conserv

34、ationists quietly acknowledge that weve entered an age of triage (挑选), when we might have to decide which species can truly be saved. The worst-case plot of habitat loss and climate change and thats the p AAt least 8 million unique species of life.BMore than 8 million unique species of life.CA libra

35、ry of life on the planet.DA kind of palm which can be found nowhere. 7.BQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard./BAThe Waterfall Garden.BThe theatre.CThe Water World.DThe Ocean Park. 8.BQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard./BATo give trave

36、l information to passengers.BTo know his way around the city very well.CTo spend a lot of time waiting at stations.DTo predict where he can pick up a passenger. 9.AEating in a cafeteria.BBuying something in a store.CMaking telephone.DGetting money at a bank. 10.BPassage Two/BBQuestions 29 to 31 are

37、based on the passage you have just heard./BABy clinging to an inner tube and floating in the seaBBy bringing illegal migrants to Florida.CBy playing hide-and-seek with the helicopter.DBy holding a battle between his father and relatives. 11.BPassage Three/BBQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passag

38、e you have just heard./BAHer happiness to be alive.BHer happiness to be close to nature.CHer optimism about how much knowledge she can gain.DHer optimism about the future of mankind. 12.AHell go if the woman goes too.BHe doubts if hell be able to go.CHes too tired to go.DHes eager to go. 13.BQuestio

39、ns 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard./BAThe Water World.BThe Garden.CThe Waterfall Garden.DThe Cable Car terminal. 14.BPassage Three/BBQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./BAHuman beings can not be able to adapt physical and cultural changes.BHuma

40、n beings are ingenious, imaginative and have strong faith in life.CSome changes are beyond human beings control.DHuman beings can not meet the demands of changes brought about itself. 15.BQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard./BAThey are happy to chat to him.BThey only

41、 give one-word answers.CThey have interesting stories to tell.DThey dislike taxi drivers. 16.BPassage Two/BBQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./BAHe can stay with his relatives in the US.BHe can play hide-and-seek with American boys.CHe must have a temporary home and go

42、to school.DHe should be sent back to Cuba. 17.BPassage One/BBQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./BAwww.chinadaily. com.B.Cwww. sohu. com.Dwww. N. 18.ARun in town.BLook more carefully.CBuy shoes from a catalog.DFind an easier place to exercise. 19.BMadagascar/B There are

43、at least 8 million unique species of life on the planet, if net far more, and you could be forgiven for believing that all of them can be found in Andasibe. Walking through this rain forest in Madagascar is like stepping into the library of life. Sunlight seeps through the silky fringes of the Raven

44、ea louvelii, an endangered palm (棕榈树) found, like so much else on this African island, nowhere else. Madagascar which separated from India 80 million to 100 million years ago before eventually settling off the southeastern coast of Africa, is in many ways an Earth apart. All that time in geographic

45、isolation made Madagascar a Darwinian playground, its animals and plants evolving into forms utterly original. Some 90% of the islands plants and about 70% of its animals arc endemic, meaning that they arc found only in Madagascar. But what makes life on the island unique also makes it uniquely vuhn

46、erable, which means if we lose these animals on Madagascar, theyre gone forever. That loss seems likelier than ever because the animals are under threat as never before. Once lushly forested, Madagascar has seen more than 80% of its original vegetation cut down or burned since humans arrived at least 1500 years ago, fragmenting habitats and leaving animals effectively homeless. Unchecked hunting wiped out a number of large species, and today mining, logging and energy exploration threaten those that remain. It has an area the size of New Jersey in Madagascar that is