2021甘肃职称英语考试真题卷（1）.docx

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1、2021甘肃职称英语考试真题卷（1）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Aromatherapy(芳香疗法)1 Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers, leaves, bark, branches or roots of plants which are conside

2、red to have healing properties. In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils, such as almond(杏仁)oil, or they are diluted(稀释)with water. These solutions(溶液剂)can be rubbed on the skin, sprayed in the air, or applied as a compress(敷药)。2 Many people have aromatherapy massages(按摩),and de

3、pending on the treatment a person is having, the aromatherapist will massage the oil into the hands or shoulders. The massage is smooth and flowing, as it is designed to create a sense of relaxation and calm. The sessions are tailored to the individuals health and mood at the time, so every session

4、is unique.3 Praclitioners of aromatherapy believe that the aroma of the essential oils directly stimulates the brain or that the oils are absorbed through the skin into the bloodstream, where they can affect the whole body and promote healing. Other claims in support of aromatherapy are that it aids

5、 digestion, improves the functioning of respiratory system, reduces muscular aches and pains, and promotes muscle relaxation and tone. It has also been argued that aromatherapy can improve circulation, lower blood pressure, and help combat insomnia(失眠) and other stress-related disorders such as tens

6、ion headaches, anxiety, and mild depression.4 However, while aromatherapy may have real effects thatpromote a sense of well-being, some traditional medicine practitioners remain doubtful about its powers. While research has confirmed that aromatherapy does have some positive short-term effects on mo

7、st people, it also suggests that aromatherapy is not an actual science or medicine that should be used to treat illness. Furthermore, not all aromatherapy is considered beneficial to health. There are precautions which should be taken before having aromatherapy because some oils can have negative ef

8、fects on people with certain medical conditions. The study of aromatherapy is relatively new and unexplored. More research needs to be conducted to make scientific conclusions about its use and effects.The used and benefits of aromatherapy need to _. 2.The Day a Language DiedWhen Carios Westez died

9、at the age of 76. a language died, too. Westez, more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud, was the last speaker of the Native American language. Catawba. Anyone who wants to hear the songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where, back in the 1940s, Red Thunde

10、r Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations. _(46)They are all that is left of the Catawba language. The language that people used to speak is gone forever.We are all aware of the damage that modern industry can do to the worlds ecology(生态).However, few people are aware of the impact w

11、idely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all over the world. Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have become powerful languages. As well, _(47).When this happens, hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few die out.Scholars believe there are about

12、6,000 languages around the world, but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years. There are many examples, Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults，so like Catawba，Araki will soon disappear. Many la

13、nguages of Ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers. _(48)In the Americas, 100 languages, each of which has fewer than 300 speakers, also are dying out.Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the threat of language death and to try to do something about i

14、t. He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe, and the language was not his mother tongue. _(49). The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone, and the language is dead.What does it mean when a language disappears When a plant or

15、 insect or animal species dies, it is easy to understand what weve been lost and to appreciate what this means for the balance of the natural word. However, language is only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of a language，like Red Thunder Cloud，must be a lonely destiny, almost

16、as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species. _(50)A. As these language become more powerful. their use as tools of business and culture increase.B. For the rest of us, when a language dies, we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.C

17、 . These language dont have many native speakers.D . However，he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carcinoma where he learned the language.E . Papua New Guinea is an extremely rich source of different languages，but more than 100 of them are in danger of extinction(灭绝).F . Som

18、e people might want to try to learn some of these songs by heart. 3.第二篇The Workers Role in ManagementTraditionally, it has been the workers role to work and managements role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firms operations with little thought of consulting the labor force. Managers

19、 have rarely felt compelled(被迫的) to obtain the workers opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided suggestion boxes in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing tha

20、t workers are more than sellers of laborthey have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousand

21、s on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then, play a stronger role in management Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. (A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company po

22、licies and actions.) Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs(失业), often with no warning. At least 90 days notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing

23、 a plant, because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making. There ought to be repre

24、sentatives of the workers on the firms board of directors or other major policymaking groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvement, their morale will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further inc

25、entive, they must be given a share in the companys profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run

26、it themselves.It can be interred from Paragraph 1 that managers_.Aseldom obtained workersopinionsBwere not qualifiedCdisliked “suggestion boxes”Dnever consulted the labor force. 4.Teaching and Learning Medicine Award Two scientists who have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells cou

27、ld be candidates for the Nobel prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday , kicking off six days of Nobel announcements. Australian-born U.S. citizen Elizabeth Blackbum and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical_(51)for their enzyme(酶)research and experts sa

28、y they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel.Only seven women have_(52)the medicine prize since the first Nobel prizes were_(53) out in 1901. The last female winner was U.S. researcher Linda Buck in 2004, who_(54)the prize with Richard Axel.Among the pairs possible_(55)are Frenchman Piene Cha

29、mbon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who_(56) up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors(核激素受体).As usual,the award committee is giving no_(57) about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholms Karolinska institute.Alfr

30、ed Nobel, the Swede who_(58) dynamite(炸药) established the prizes in his will in the_(59) of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace.The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Swedens central bank.Nobel left few instructions on how to_(60) winners, but medicine w

31、inners are typically_(61) for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research.Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor(瑞典克朗) prize encourages_(62) research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists.“Individual researchers p

32、robably dont_(63) at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when theyre_(64) work,” Jornvall told the Associated Press. They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life_(65).AsignsBClaimsCdealsDhonors 5.第三篇Obesity(肥胖) in the Western WorldObesity is rapidly becoming a new

33、scourge of the western world, delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday to Saturday. According to statements before the opening of the conference of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries 一 1. 2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million a

34、re obese.Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said，“ Obesity is a chronic illness. In Germany，20 per cent of the people are already affected，but in Japan only one per cent. ” But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication.Profess

35、or Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said, We are living in the new age (but) with the metabolism(新陈代谢) of a stone-age man “I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza shop is springing up on every comer. We have been overrun by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization. ”Many of the e

36、xperts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said, “Eighty percent of all diabetics are obese，also fifty per cent of all patients with high blood pressure and fifty per cent with adipose(脂肪的) tissue complaints. ” Ten per cent more weight means thirteen per cent more risk of heart d

37、isease. Reducing ones weight by ten per cent leads to thirteen per cent lower blood pressure. ”Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs. Though the health insurance pays for surgery (such as reducing the size of the stoma

38、ch) when the body-mass index is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.70 meters. One should start earlier. ”Ludvik said that prevention should begin in school. “ Child obesity (fat deposits) correlates(与相关) with the time which children spend in front of TV s

39、ets. ”The consequences were only apparent later on. No more than fifteen per cent of obese people lived to the average life expectancy for their population group.Which of the following is true about obesity in paragraph 2APeople in Japan neednt worry about obesity.BObesity is a disease that lasts fo

40、r a long time.C20% of the people in the world are overweight.DObesity should be cured with new medication 6.The Day a Language DiedWhen Carios Westez died at the age of 76. a language died, too. Westez, more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud, was the last speaker of the Native American language. C

41、atawba. Anyone who wants to hear the songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where, back in the 1940s, Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations. _(46)They are all that is left of the Catawba language. The language that people used

42、to speak is gone forever.We are all aware of the damage that modern industry can do to the worlds ecology(生态).However, few people are aware of the impact widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all over the world. Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have

43、 become powerful languages. As well, _(47).When this happens, hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few die out.Scholars believe there are about 6,000 languages around the world, but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years. There are many examples, Araki is a native

44、language of the island of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults，so like Catawba，Araki will soon disappear. Many languages of Ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers. _(48)In the Americas, 100 languages, each of which has fewe

45、r than 300 speakers, also are dying out.Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the threat of language death and to try to do something about it. He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe, and the language was not his mother tongue. _(49). The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Inst

46、itution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone, and the language is dead.What does it mean when a language disappears When a plant or insect or animal species dies, it is easy to understand what weve been lost and to appreciate what this means for the balance of the natural wor

47、d. However, language is only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of a language，like Red Thunder Cloud，must be a lonely destiny, almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species. _(50)A. As these language become more powerful. their use as tools

48、 of business and culture increase.B. For the rest of us, when a language dies, we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.C . These language dont have many native speakers.D . However，he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carcinoma where he learned the language.E . Papua New Guinea is an extremely rich source of different languages，but more than 100 of them are